BOOK
Maternal Child Nursing Care in Canada - E-Book
Shannon E. Perry | Marilyn J. Hockenberry | Deitra Leonard Lowdermilk | David Wilson | Lisa Keenan-Lindsay | Cheryl A Sams
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Featuring the most accurate, current, and clinically relevant information available, Maternal Child Nursing Care in Canada, 2nd Edition, combines essential maternity and pediatric nursing information in one text. The promotion of wellness and the care for women experiencing common health concerns throughout the lifespan, care in childbearing, as well as the health care of children and child development in the context of the family. Health problems including physiological dysfunctions and children with special needs and illnesses are also featured. This text provides a family-centred care approach that recognizes the importance of collaboration with families when providing care.
- Atraumatic Care boxes in the pediatric unit teach you how to provide competent and effective care to pediatric patients with the least amount of physical or psychological stress.
- Nursing Alerts point students to critical information that must be considered in providing care.
- Community Focus boxes emphasize community issues, supply resources and guidance, and illustrate nursing care in a variety of settings.
- Critical thinking case studies offer opportunities to test and develop analytical skills and apply knowledge in various settings.
- Emergency boxes guide you through step-by-step emergency procedures.
- Family-Centred Teaching boxes highlight the needs or concerns of families that you should consider to provide family-centred care.
- NEW! Content updates throughout the text give you the latest information on topics such as perinatal standards, mental health issues during pregnancy, developmental and neurological issues in pediatrics, new guidelines including SOGC, and CAPWHN,
- NEW! Increased coverage on health care in the LGBTQ community and First Nations, Metis, and Inuit population
- NEW! Medication Alerts stress medication safety concerns for better therapeutic management.
- NEW! Safety Alerts highlighted and integrated within the content draw attention to developing competencies related to safe nursing practice.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| ES2_Contents in Brief | IFC2 | ||
| ES3_Canadian Evolve page | IFC3 | ||
| Maternal Child Nursing Care in Canada | i | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Table Of Contents | v | ||
| About The Authors | xxii | ||
| Contributors | xxiv | ||
| Reviewers | xxv | ||
| Preface | xxvi | ||
| Approach | xxvi | ||
| New to This Edition | xxvi | ||
| Special Features | xxvii | ||
| Supplemental Resources | xxvii | ||
| Evolve Website | xxvii | ||
| For Students | xxvii | ||
| For Instructors | xxviii | ||
| Simulation Learning System (SLS) | xxviii | ||
| Virtual Clinical Excursions: Virtual Hospital and Workbook Companion | xxviii | ||
| Elsevier eBooks | xxviii | ||
| Icons at A Glance | xxviii | ||
| We Welcome Your Feedback | xxviii | ||
| Acknowledgments | xxix | ||
| 1 Maternal Child Nursing | 1 | ||
| Unit 1 Introduction to Maternal Child Nursing | 2 | ||
| 1 Contemporary Perinatal and Pediatric Nursing in Canada | 3 | ||
| Objectives | 3 | ||
| Website | 3 | ||
| Perinatal and Pediatric Nursing | 3 | ||
| The History and Context of Health Care in Canada | 4 | ||
| Contemporary Issues and Trends | 4 | ||
| Social Determinants of Health | 4 | ||
| Socioeconomic Status | 4 | ||
| Immigrants and Refugees | 5 | ||
| Homelessness | 6 | ||
| Culture | 6 | ||
| Indigenous People | 6 | ||
| Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/Transsexual/Queer (LGBTQ) Health | 7 | ||
| Integrative Healing | 7 | ||
| High-Technology Care | 7 | ||
| Social Media | 7 | ||
| Health Literacy | 7 | ||
| Specialization and Evidence-Informed Nursing Practice | 8 | ||
| Evidence-Informed or Research-Based Practice | 8 | ||
| Standards of Practice and Legal Issues in Delivery of Care | 8 | ||
| Patient Safety and Risk Management | 9 | ||
| Teamwork and Communication | 9 | ||
| Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation | 9 | ||
| Global Health | 10 | ||
| Millennium Development Goals: A Global Challenge | 10 | ||
| Ethical Issues in Maternal Child Nursing | 11 | ||
| Ethical Guidelines for Nursing Research | 11 | ||
| Key Points | 12 | ||
| Website | 12 | ||
| References | 12 | ||
| Additional Resources | 13 | ||
| 2 The Family and Culture | 14 | ||
| Objectives | 14 | ||
| Website | 14 | ||
| The Family in Cultural and Community Context | 14 | ||
| The Family in Society | 14 | ||
| Defining Family | 14 | ||
| Family Organization and Structure | 15 | ||
| Family Dynamics | 16 | ||
| Family Nursing | 16 | ||
| Theories as Guides to Understanding and Working With Families | 16 | ||
| Family Assessment | 16 | ||
| The Calgary Family Assessment Model | 17 | ||
| Graphic Representations of Families | 17 | ||
| Family Nursing as Relational Inquiry | 17 | ||
| Cultural Factors Related to Health | 20 | ||
| Multiculturalism in Canada | 20 | ||
| Cultural Context of the Family | 20 | ||
| Acculturation | 20 | ||
| Providing Culturally Competent Nursing Care | 21 | ||
| Communication | 22 | ||
| Use of interpreters. | 22 | ||
| Personal Space | 23 | ||
| Time Orientation | 24 | ||
| Family Roles | 24 | ||
| Key Points | 24 | ||
| Website | 24 | ||
| References | 25 | ||
| Additional Resources | 25 | ||
| 3 Community Care | 26 | ||
| Objectives | 26 | ||
| Website | 26 | ||
| Roles and Functions of Community Health Nurses | 27 | ||
| Core Competencies | 27 | ||
| Public Health Decision Making | 28 | ||
| Community Health Promotion | 28 | ||
| Economics | 28 | ||
| Demography | 28 | ||
| Epidemiology | 28 | ||
| Distribution of disease, injury, or illness. | 29 | ||
| Epidemiological triangle. | 29 | ||
| Levels of Preventive Care | 29 | ||
| Primary prevention. | 29 | ||
| Secondary prevention. | 30 | ||
| Tertiary prevention. | 30 | ||
| Communities | 30 | ||
| Community Nursing Process | 30 | ||
| Assessing the Community | 30 | ||
| Data collection and sources of community health data. | 31 | ||
| Community Planning | 33 | ||
| Community Intervention | 34 | ||
| Community Evaluation | 34 | ||
| Vulnerable Populations Within the Community | 34 | ||
| Indigenous People | 34 | ||
| Immigrants and Refugees | 35 | ||
| Adolescent Girls | 35 | ||
| Older Women | 35 | ||
| Homeless Women and Families | 36 | ||
| Children | 36 | ||
| Implications for Nursing | 36 | ||
| Home Care in the Community | 37 | ||
| Patient Selection and Referral | 37 | ||
| Phone and Online Health Support | 37 | ||
| Nursing Care | 38 | ||
| Home Visiting | 38 | ||
| First home visit. | 38 | ||
| Assessment. | 38 | ||
| Plan of care and implementation. | 38 | ||
| Safety issues for the home visiting nurse. | 40 | ||
| Personal safety. | 40 | ||
| Patient’s home. | 40 | ||
| Infection control. | 40 | ||
| Key Points | 41 | ||
| Website | 41 | ||
| References | 41 | ||
| Additional Resources | 42 | ||
| Community Assessment Tools | 42 | ||
| Community Health Organizations | 42 | ||
| 2 Perinatal Nursing | 43 | ||
| Unit 2 Introduction to Perinatal Nursing | 44 | ||
| 4 Perinatal Nursing in Canada | 45 | ||
| Objectives | 45 | ||
| Website | 45 | ||
| Perinatal Nursing | 45 | ||
| Perinatal Services in Canada | 45 | ||
| Collaborative Woman- and Family-Centred Care | 48 | ||
| Family-Centred Maternity and Newborn Care | 48 | ||
| Woman-Centred Care | 48 | ||
| Caring for Families | 48 | ||
| Cultural Diversity and Child-bearing Families | 49 | ||
| Valuing Diversity and Avoiding Stereotyping | 49 | ||
| Cultural Practices and Nursing Interventions | 49 | ||
| Perinatal Health Indicators: the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System | 51 | ||
| Maternal Mortality | 52 | ||
| Maternal Morbidity | 52 | ||
| Trends in Fertility and Birth Rate | 52 | ||
| Multiple Birth Rate | 53 | ||
| Preterm Birth and Birth Weight | 53 | ||
| Obesity | 53 | ||
| Health Service Indicators | 53 | ||
| The Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey | 53 | ||
| Current Issues Affecting Perinatal Nursing Practice | 53 | ||
| Promoting Healthy and Normal Birth | 53 | ||
| Vulnerable Populations in the Community | 54 | ||
| Indigenous Women | 54 | ||
| Immigrant and Refugee Women | 54 | ||
| Homeless Women | 54 | ||
| Perinatal Issues for LGBTQ Patients | 54 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 54 | ||
| Maternal Child Services in the Community | 55 | ||
| The Place of Birth and “High-Tech” Care | 56 | ||
| Midwifery | 56 | ||
| Multidisciplinary Collaborative Maternity Care | 56 | ||
| Breastfeeding in Canada | 56 | ||
| Baby Friendly Initiative in Canada | 57 | ||
| A Global Perspective | 57 | ||
| Ethical Decision Making in Perinatal Nursing | 58 | ||
| Addressing Current Challenges and Envisioning the Future | 58 | ||
| Key Points | 58 | ||
| Website | 59 | ||
| References | 59 | ||
| Additional Resources | 59 | ||
| Unit 3 Women's Health | 60 | ||
| 5 Health Promotion | 61 | ||
| Objectives | 61 | ||
| Website | 61 | ||
| Reasons for Entering the Health Care System | 61 | ||
| Well-Woman Care Across the Lifespan | 61 | ||
| Adolescents | 62 | ||
| Teenage pregnancy. | 62 | ||
| Young and Middle Adulthood | 63 | ||
| Parenthood after age 35. | 63 | ||
| Late Reproductive Age | 63 | ||
| Approaches to Care at Specific Stages of a Woman’s Life | 63 | ||
| Fertility Control and Infertility | 63 | ||
| Preconception Counselling and Care | 63 | ||
| Pregnancy | 64 | ||
| Menstrual Concerns | 64 | ||
| Perimenopause and Menopause | 65 | ||
| Barriers to Receiving Health Care | 65 | ||
| Financial Issues | 65 | ||
| Cultural Issues | 65 | ||
| Gender Issues | 66 | ||
| Identification of Risk Factors to Women’s Health | 66 | ||
| Cultural and Genetic Factors | 66 | ||
| Substance Use | 66 | ||
| Cigarette Smoking | 66 | ||
| Caffeine | 67 | ||
| Alcohol Consumption | 67 | ||
| Prescription Medication Use | 67 | ||
| Illicit Drug Use | 67 | ||
| Marijuana. | 67 | ||
| Cocaine. | 68 | ||
| Opiates. | 68 | ||
| Methamphetamine. | 68 | ||
| Other illicit drugs. | 68 | ||
| Substance Use Cessation | 68 | ||
| Nutrition | 69 | ||
| Nutritional Deficiencies | 69 | ||
| Obesity | 70 | ||
| Eating Disorders | 70 | ||
| Anorexia nervosa. | 70 | ||
| Bulimia nervosa. | 71 | ||
| Lack of Exercise | 71 | ||
| Stress | 72 | ||
| Depression, Anxiety, and Other Mental Health Conditions | 73 | ||
| Sleep Disorders | 73 | ||
| Environmental and Workplace Hazards | 73 | ||
| Sexual Practices | 73 | ||
| Medical Conditions | 74 | ||
| Gynecological Conditions | 74 | ||
| Female Genital Mutilation | 74 | ||
| Violence Against Women | 74 | ||
| Cultural Considerations | 75 | ||
| Violence During Pregnancy | 77 | ||
| Prevention | 78 | ||
| Health Promotion and Illness Prevention | 78 | ||
| Health Screening for Women Across the Lifespan | 78 | ||
| Health Risk Prevention | 78 | ||
| Health Teaching | 80 | ||
| Domains of Learning | 80 | ||
| Cognitive Learning | 80 | ||
| Affective Learning | 80 | ||
| Psychomotor Learning | 80 | ||
| Adult Learning | 81 | ||
| Learning Styles | 81 | ||
| Teaching Methods | 82 | ||
| One-on-One Discussion | 82 | ||
| Role Playing | 82 | ||
| Group Teaching | 82 | ||
| Demonstration | 82 | ||
| Factors That Influence Learning | 82 | ||
| Environment | 82 | ||
| Ability to Learn | 82 | ||
| Health Literacy | 83 | ||
| Motivation to Learn | 83 | ||
| Developmental level. | 83 | ||
| Key Points | 83 | ||
| Evolve Website | 84 | ||
| References | 84 | ||
| Additional Resources | 86 | ||
| 6 Health Assessment | 87 | ||
| Objectives | 87 | ||
| Website | 87 | ||
| Female Reproductive System | 87 | ||
| External Structures | 87 | ||
| Internal Structures | 88 | ||
| The Bony Pelvis | 90 | ||
| Breasts | 90 | ||
| Health Assessment | 92 | ||
| Interview | 92 | ||
| Physical Examination | 94 | ||
| Cultural Considerations and Communication Variations in History and Physical | 94 | ||
| Adolescents (Ages 13 to 19) | 94 | ||
| History and Physical Examination in Women With Disabilities | 96 | ||
| Women at Risk for Abuse | 96 | ||
| Transexuality | 97 | ||
| Pelvic Examination | 97 | ||
| External inspection. | 98 | ||
| External palpation. | 98 | ||
| Internal examination. | 100 | ||
| Collection of specimens. | 101 | ||
| Papanicolaou test. | 101 | ||
| Vaginal wall examination. | 101 | ||
| Bimanual palpation. | 101 | ||
| Rectovaginal palpation. | 101 | ||
| Pelvic examination during pregnancy. | 102 | ||
| Pelvic examination after hysterectomy. | 102 | ||
| Vulvar self-examination. | 102 | ||
| Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures | 103 | ||
| Key Points | 103 | ||
| Website | 103 | ||
| References | 103 | ||
| Additional Resources | 103 | ||
| 7 Reproductive Health | 104 | ||
| Objectives | 104 | ||
| Website | 104 | ||
| Menstruation | 104 | ||
| Menarche and Puberty | 104 | ||
| Menstrual Cycle | 105 | ||
| Endometrial Cycle | 105 | ||
| Hypothalamic–Pituitary Cycle | 105 | ||
| Ovarian Cycle | 105 | ||
| Other Cyclic Changes | 107 | ||
| Prostaglandins | 107 | ||
| Menstrual Cycle Concerns | 107 | ||
| Amenorrhea | 107 | ||
| Hypogonadotropic Amenorrhea | 107 | ||
| Management. | 108 | ||
| Dysmenorrhea | 108 | ||
| Primary Dysmenorrhea | 108 | ||
| Management. | 109 | ||
| Secondary Dysmenorrhea | 110 | ||
| Premenstrual Syndrome | 111 | ||
| Management | 112 | ||
| Endometriosis | 112 | ||
| Management | 113 | ||
| Abnormal Uterine Bleeding | 114 | ||
| Management | 114 | ||
| Acute Bleeding Episode | 114 | ||
| Alterations in Cyclic Bleeding | 114 | ||
| Perimenopause and Menopause | 116 | ||
| Infections | 116 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Infections | 116 | ||
| Prevention | 117 | ||
| Sexually transmitted infections/human immunodeficiency virus prevention strategies. | 117 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections | 118 | ||
| Chlamydia | 118 | ||
| Screening and diagnosis. | 119 | ||
| Management. | 119 | ||
| Gonorrhea | 119 | ||
| Screening and diagnosis. | 121 | ||
| Management. | 121 | ||
| Syphilis | 122 | ||
| Screening and diagnosis. | 122 | ||
| 3 Pediatric Nursing | 821 | ||
| Unit 8 Children, Their Families, and the Nurse | 822 | ||
| 30 Pediatric Nursing in Canada | 823 | ||
| Objectives | 823 | ||
| Website | 823 | ||
| Health Promotion for Children | 823 | ||
| Health Promotion | 824 | ||
| Nutrition | 824 | ||
| Dental Care | 825 | ||
| Immunizations | 825 | ||
| Childhood Health Problems | 825 | ||
| Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes | 825 | ||
| Childhood Injuries | 826 | ||
| Violence | 828 | ||
| Substance Use | 829 | ||
| Mental Health Concerns | 829 | ||
| Childhood Mortality | 830 | ||
| Childhood Morbidity | 830 | ||
| The Art of Pediatric Nursing | 830 | ||
| Philosophy of Care | 830 | ||
| Family-Centred Care | 831 | ||
| Critical Thinking | 831 | ||
| Evidence-Informed Practice | 831 | ||
| Nursing Process | 832 | ||
| Atraumatic Care | 832 | ||
| Role of the Pediatric Nurse | 832 | ||
| Therapeutic Relationship | 832 | ||
| Family Advocacy and Caring | 832 | ||
| Disease Prevention and Health Promotion | 833 | ||
| Health Teaching | 834 | ||
| Support and Counselling | 834 | ||
| Coordination and Collaboration | 834 | ||
| Health Care Planning | 834 | ||
| Future Trends | 835 | ||
| Key Points | 835 | ||
| Website | 835 | ||
| References | 836 | ||
| Additional Resources | 837 | ||
| 31 Family, Social, Cultural, and Religious Influences on Children’s Health | 838 | ||
| Objectives | 838 | ||
| Website | 838 | ||
| Pediatric Nursing and the Family | 838 | ||
| Family Nursing Interventions | 838 | ||
| Families’ Roles, Relationships, and Strengths | 838 | ||
| Parental Roles | 839 | ||
| Role Learning | 839 | ||
| Family Size and Configuration | 840 | ||
| Sibling Interactions | 840 | ||
| Spacing of children. | 840 | ||
| Sibling functions. | 840 | ||
| More active sibling relationships. | 841 | ||
| Ordinal Position | 841 | ||
| The only child. | 841 | ||
| Multiple Births | 841 | ||
| Parental adjustment. | 842 | ||
| Special Parenting Situations | 842 | ||
| Parenting the Adopted Child | 842 | ||
| Issues of origin. | 843 | ||
| Cross-racial and international adoption. | 843 | ||
| Adolescence. | 844 | ||
| Parenting and Divorce | 844 | ||
| Impact of divorce on children. | 844 | ||
| Telling the children. | 845 | ||
| Custody and parenting partnerships. | 845 | ||
| Lone Parenting | 846 | ||
| Parenting in Reconstituted Families | 846 | ||
| LGBTQ Marriages and Parenting | 847 | ||
| Foster Parenting | 847 | ||
| Child Maltreatment | 847 | ||
| Child Neglect | 847 | ||
| Types of Neglect | 847 | ||
| Physical Abuse | 848 | ||
| Factors Predisposing to Physical Abuse | 848 | ||
| Parental characteristics. | 848 | ||
| Characteristics of the child. | 848 | ||
| Environmental characteristics. | 848 | ||
| Sexual Abuse | 848 | ||
| Characteristics of Abusers and Victims | 849 | ||
| Initiation and Perpetuation of Sexual Abuse | 850 | ||
| Nursing Care | 850 | ||
| Identification and Assessment of Child Abuse | 850 | ||
| Caregiver–Child Interaction | 851 | ||
| History and Interview | 851 | ||
| Child physical abuse. | 851 | ||
| Neglect and emotional abuse. | 851 | ||
| Sexual abuse. | 851 | ||
| Munchausen syndrome by proxy. | 853 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 853 | ||
| Child physical abuse. | 853 | ||
| Neglect and emotional abuse. | 853 | ||
| Sexual abuse. | 853 | ||
| Protecting the Child From Further Abuse | 854 | ||
| Support Child | 854 | ||
| Support Family | 854 | ||
| Plan for Discharge | 855 | ||
| Prevent Abuse | 855 | ||
| Social, Cultural, and Religious Factors That Impact Health | 855 | ||
| Key Social Determinant Influences | 856 | ||
| Culture | 856 | ||
| Social roles. | 857 | ||
| Self-esteem. | 857 | ||
| Socioeconomic Status | 857 | ||
| School | 858 | ||
| Community | 858 | ||
| Peer Groups | 858 | ||
| The Child and Family in North America | 859 | ||
| Indigenous Peoples | 859 | ||
| Immigrant Families | 860 | ||
| Health Beliefs | 860 | ||
| Natural Forces | 860 | ||
| Supernatural Forces | 860 | ||
| Imbalance of Forces | 861 | ||
| Culturally Competent Nursing Care | 861 | ||
| Communication | 862 | ||
| Food Customs | 862 | ||
| Health Practices | 863 | ||
| Religious Beliefs and Practices | 864 | ||
| Cultural and Religious Awareness | 865 | ||
| Key Points | 868 | ||
| Website | 869 | ||
| References | 869 | ||
| Additional Resources | 870 | ||
| 32 Developmental Influences on Child Health Promotion | 871 | ||
| Objectives | 871 | ||
| Website | 871 | ||
| Growth and Development | 871 | ||
| Foundations of Growth and Development | 871 | ||
| Stages of Development | 871 | ||
| Patterns of Growth and Development | 872 | ||
| Directional trends. | 872 | ||
| Sequential trends. | 873 | ||
| Developmental pace. | 873 | ||
| Sensitive periods. | 873 | ||
| Individual Differences | 873 | ||
| Biological Growth and Physical Development | 873 | ||
| External Proportions | 874 | ||
| Biological Determinants of Growth and Development | 874 | ||
| Skeletal Growth and Maturation | 875 | ||
| Neurological Maturation | 875 | ||
| Lymphoid Tissues | 875 | ||
| Development of Organ Systems | 875 | ||
| Physiological Changes | 876 | ||
| Metabolism | 876 | ||
| Temperature | 876 | ||
| Sleep and Rest | 876 | ||
| Nutrition | 876 | ||
| Temperament | 877 | ||
| Significance of Temperament | 878 | ||
| Development of Personality and Mental Function | 879 | ||
| Theoretical Foundations of Personality Development | 879 | ||
| Psychosexual Development (Freud) | 879 | ||
| Psychosocial Development (Erikson) | 880 | ||
| Cognitive Development (Piaget) | 881 | ||
| Moral Development (Kohlberg) | 882 | ||
| Spiritual Development (Fowler) | 882 | ||
| Language Development | 882 | ||
| Development of Self-Concept | 883 | ||
| Body Image | 883 | ||
| Self-Esteem | 883 | ||
| Role of Play in Development | 884 | ||
| Classification of Play | 884 | ||
| Content of Play | 884 | ||
| Social Character of Play | 885 | ||
| Functions of Play | 886 | ||
| Sensorimotor Development | 886 | ||
| Intellectual Development | 886 | ||
| Socialization | 886 | ||
| Creativity | 886 | ||
| Self-Awareness | 887 | ||
| Therapeutic Value | 887 | ||
| Moral Value | 887 | ||
| Toys | 887 | ||
| Toy Safety | 887 | ||
| Selected Factors That Influence Development | 889 | ||
| Heredity | 889 | ||
| Genes, Genetics, and Genomics | 889 | ||
| Neuroendocrine Factors | 889 | ||
| Interpersonal Relationships | 889 | ||
| Socioeconomic Level | 890 | ||
| Environmental Hazards | 890 | ||
| Stress in Childhood | 891 | ||
| Coping | 891 | ||
| Mass Media | 892 | ||
| Internet | 893 | ||
| Key Points | 894 | ||
| Website | 894 | ||
| References | 894 | ||
| Additional Resources | 895 | ||
| Unit 9 Assessment of the Child and Family | 896 | ||
| 33 Communication, History, Physical, and Developmental Assessment | 897 | ||
| Objectives | 897 | ||
| Website | 897 | ||
| Communicating With Families and Children | 897 | ||
| Establishing a Setting for Communication | 897 | ||
| Appropriate Introduction | 897 | ||
| Assurance of Privacy and Confidentiality | 898 | ||
| Communicating With Parents | 898 | ||
| Encouraging Parents to Talk | 898 | ||
| Directing the Focus | 898 | ||
| Listening and Cultural Awareness | 899 | ||
| Providing Anticipatory Guidance | 899 | ||
| Avoiding Blocks to Communication | 899 | ||
| Communicating With Families Through an Interpreter | 900 | ||
| Communicating With Children | 900 | ||
| Communication and Development of Thought Processes | 900 | ||
| Infancy. | 900 | ||
| Early childhood. | 901 | ||
| School-age years. | 901 | ||
| Adolescence. | 902 | ||
| Communication Techniques | 902 | ||
| Telephone Triage and Counselling | 902 | ||
| Computer Privacy and Applications in Nursing | 905 | ||
| History Taking | 905 | ||
| Performing a Health History | 905 | ||
| Identifying Information | 905 | ||
| Health Issue or Concern | 905 | ||
| Present Illness | 905 | ||
| Analyzing a symptom. | 905 | ||
| History | 907 | ||
| Birth history. | 907 | ||
| Previous illnesses, injuries, and operations. | 907 | ||
| Allergies. | 907 | ||
| Current medications. | 907 | ||
| Immunizations. | 907 | ||
| Growth and development. | 908 | ||
| Habits. | 908 | ||
| Family Medical History | 908 | ||
| Geographic location. | 908 | ||
| Family Structure | 909 | ||
| Psychosocial History | 909 | ||
| Mental Health Screening. | 909 | ||
| Review of Systems | 909 | ||
| Sexual History | 912 | ||
| Performing a Nutritional Assessment | 912 | ||
| Dietary Intake | 912 | ||
| Clinical Examination of Nutrition | 913 | ||
| Evaluation of Nutritional Assessment | 916 | ||
| Developmental Assessment | 917 | ||
| Developmental Assessment Screening Tools | 917 | ||
| Rourke Baby Record | 917 | ||
| Greig Health Record | 917 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 917 | ||
| General Approaches to Examining the Child | 917 | ||
| Immunization Status | 917 | ||
| Sequence of the Examination | 917 | ||
| Preparation of the Child | 919 | ||
| Growth Measurements | 921 | ||
| Growth Charts | 921 | ||
| Special groups. | 921 | ||
| Length | 922 | ||
| Height | 922 | ||
| Weight | 923 | ||
| Skin Fold Thickness and Arm Circumference | 923 | ||
| Head Circumference | 923 | ||
| Vital Signs | 923 | ||
| Temperature | 924 | ||
| Pulse | 926 | ||
| Respiration | 926 | ||
| Blood Pressure | 928 | ||
| Measurement devices. | 928 | ||
| Selection of cuff. | 929 | ||
| Measurement and interpretation. | 930 | ||
| Orthostatic hypotension. | 930 | ||
| General Appearance | 930 | ||
| Skin | 931 | ||
| Accessory Structures | 931 | ||
| Lymph Nodes | 932 | ||
| Head and Neck | 933 | ||
| Eyes | 933 | ||
| Inspection of External Structures | 933 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 934 | ||
| Preparing the child. | 934 | ||
| Funduscopic examination. | 934 | ||
| Vision Testing | 935 | ||
| Ocular alignment. | 935 | ||
| Visual acuity testing in children beyond infancy. | 935 | ||
| Visual acuity testing in infants and difficult-to-test children. | 936 | ||
| Peripheral vision. | 936 | ||
| Colour vision. | 938 | ||
| Ears | 938 | ||
| Inspection of External Structures | 938 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 938 | ||
| Positioning the child. | 938 | ||
| Otoscopic examination. | 940 | ||
| Auditory Testing | 941 | ||
| Nose | 941 | ||
| Inspection of External Structures | 941 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 941 | ||
| Mouth and Throat | 942 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 942 | ||
| Chest | 943 | ||
| Lungs | 944 | ||
| Auscultation | 945 | ||
| Heart | 945 | ||
| Auscultation | 947 | ||
| Origin of heart sounds. | 947 | ||
| Differentiating normal heart sounds. | 947 | ||
| Heart murmurs. | 947 | ||
| Abdomen | 948 | ||
| Inspection | 948 | ||
| Auscultation | 949 | ||
| Palpation | 949 | ||
| Genitalia | 950 | ||
| Male Genitalia | 950 | ||
| Female Genitalia | 951 | ||
| Anus | 952 | ||
| Back and Extremities | 952 | ||
| Spine | 952 | ||
| Extremities | 952 | ||
| Joints | 953 | ||
| Muscles | 953 | ||
| Neurological Assessment | 954 | ||
| Cerebellar Function | 954 | ||
| Reflexes | 954 | ||
| Cranial Nerves | 954 | ||
| Key Points | 957 | ||
| Website | 957 | ||
| References | 958 | ||
| Additional Resources | 958 | ||
| 34 Pain Assessment and Management | 959 | ||
| Objectives | 959 | ||
| Website | 959 | ||
| Pain Assessment | 959 | ||
| Assessment of Acute Pain | 959 | ||
| Pain Intensity | 959 | ||
| Behavioural measures. | 960 | ||
| Self-report measures. | 963 | ||
| Global Judgement of Improvement and of Satisfaction With Treatment | 963 | ||
| Physical Recovery | 963 | ||
| Assessment of Chronic and Recurrent Pain | 963 | ||
| Multidimensional Measures | 964 | ||
| Pain Assessment in Specific Populations | 965 | ||
| Cultural Differences | 965 | ||
| Children With Communication and Cognitive Impairment | 966 | ||
| Children With Chronic Illness and Complex Pain | 966 | ||
| Pain Management | 966 | ||
| Nonpharmacological Management | 966 | ||
| Complementary Pain Medicine | 970 | ||
| Pharmacological Management | 971 | ||
| Patient-Controlled Analgesia | 974 | ||
| Epidural Analgesia | 974 | ||
| Transmucosal and Transdermal Analgesia | 977 | ||
| Timing of Analgesia | 978 | ||
| Monitoring Adverse Effects of Analgesic Management | 978 | ||
| Evaluation of Effectiveness of Pain Regimen | 981 | ||
| Key Points | 981 | ||
| Website | 982 | ||
| References | 982 | ||
| Additional Resources | 984 | ||
| Unit 10 Health Promotion and Special Health Problems | 985 | ||
| 35 The Infant and Family | 987 | ||
| Objectives | 987 | ||
| Website | 987 | ||
| Promoting Optimum Growth and Development | 987 | ||
| Biological Development | 987 | ||
| Proportional Changes | 987 | ||
| Maturation of Systems | 988 | ||
| Fine Motor Development | 994 | ||
| Gross Motor Development | 995 | ||
| Head control. | 995 | ||
| Rolling over. | 995 | ||
| Sitting. | 995 | ||
| Locomotion. | 996 | ||
| Psychosocial Development | 996 | ||
| Developing a Sense of Trust (Erikson) | 996 | ||
| Cognitive Development | 998 | ||
| Development of Body Image | 999 | ||
| Social Development | 1000 | ||
| Attachment | 1000 | ||
| Separation anxiety. | 1001 | ||
| Fear of strangers. | 1001 | ||
| Play | 1001 | ||
| Language Development | 1002 | ||
| Temperament | 1002 | ||
| Coping With Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development | 1003 | ||
| Separation and Fear of Strangers | 1003 | ||
| Alternative Child Care Arrangements | 1003 | ||
| Limit-Setting and Discipline | 1004 | ||
| Thumb-Sucking and Use of a Pacifier | 1004 | ||
| Teething | 1005 | ||
| Promoting Optimum Health During Infancy | 1006 | ||
| Nutrition | 1006 | ||
| The First 6 Months | 1006 | ||
| The Second 6 Months | 1007 | ||
| Selection and preparation of solid foods. | 1008 | ||
| Introduction of solid foods. | 1008 | ||
| Weaning | 1009 | ||
| Sleep and Activity | 1009 | ||
| Sleeping Concerns | 1009 | ||
| Dental Health | 1010 | ||
| Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention | 1010 | ||
| Motor Vehicle Injuries | 1013 | ||
| Shaken Baby Syndrome | 1014 | ||
| Nurse’s Role in Prevention of Injury | 1014 | ||
| Immunizations | 1016 | ||
| Schedule for Immunizations | 1017 | ||
| Recommendations for Routine Immunizations | 1017 | ||
| Hepatitis B virus (HBV). | 1017 | ||
| Hepatitis A virus (HAV). | 1018 | ||
| Diphtheria. | 1018 | ||
| Tetanus. | 1018 | ||
| Pertussis. | 1018 | ||
| Polio. | 1018 | ||
| Measles. | 1019 | ||
| Mumps. | 1019 | ||
| Rubella. | 1019 | ||
| Varicella. | 1020 | ||
| Pneumococcal infections. | 1020 | ||
| Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib). | 1020 | ||
| Influenza. | 1021 | ||
| Meningococcal infections. | 1021 | ||
| Tuberculosis. | 1021 | ||
| Recommendations for Selected Immunizations | 1022 | ||
| Reactions | 1022 | ||
| Contraindications and Compliance | 1026 | ||
| Administration | 1026 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families | 1027 | ||
| Special Health Problems | 1027 | ||
| Colic (Paroxysmal Abdominal Pain) | 1027 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 1028 | ||
| Nursing Care | 1028 | ||
| Growth Failure (Failure to Thrive) | 1029 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 1030 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 1030 | ||
| Prognosis | 1030 | ||
| Nursing Care | 1030 | ||
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome | 1032 | ||
| Etiology | 1033 | ||
| Nursing Care | 1034 | ||
| Care of the Family of a SIDS Infant | 1034 | ||
| Positional Plagiocephaly | 1036 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 1036 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 1036 | ||
| Nursing Care | 1037 | ||
| Apnea and Apparent Life-Threatening Events | 1037 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 1037 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 1037 | ||
| Nursing Care | 1038 | ||
| Family support. | 1039 | ||
| Key Points | 1039 | ||
| Website | 1040 | ||
| References | 1040 | ||
| Additional Resources | 1043 | ||
| 36 The Toddler and Family | 1044 | ||
| Objectives | 1044 | ||
| Website | 1044 | ||
| Promoting Optimum Growth and Development | 1044 | ||
| Biological Development | 1044 | ||
| Proportional Changes | 1044 | ||
| Sensory Changes | 1045 | ||
| Maturation of Systems | 1045 | ||
| Gross and Fine Motor Development | 1045 | ||
| Psychosocial Development | 1046 | ||
| Developing a Sense of Autonomy (Erikson) | 1046 | ||
| Cognitive Development | 1048 | ||
| Sensorimotor and Preoperational Phase (Piaget) | 1048 | ||
| Tertiary circular reactions. | 1048 | ||
| Invention of new means through mental combinations. | 1049 | ||
| Preoperational phase. | 1049 | ||
| Spiritual Development | 1049 | ||
| Development of Body Image | 1050 | ||
| Development of Gender Identity | 1051 | ||
| Social Development | 1051 | ||
| Language | 1051 | ||
| Personal-Social Behaviour | 1052 | ||
| Play | 1052 | ||
| Coping With Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development | 1053 | ||
| Toilet Training | 1053 | ||
| Temper Tantrums | 1055 | ||
| Negativism | 1056 | ||
| Sibling Rivalry | 1056 | ||
| Regression | 1056 | ||
| Mental Health | 1057 | ||
| Promoting Optimum Health During Toddlerhood | 1057 | ||
| Nutrition | 1057 | ||
| Nutritional Counselling | 1058 | ||
| Nutrition Guidelines | 1058 | ||
| Vegetarian Diets | 1059 | ||
| Activity and Sleep | 1059 | ||
| Dental Health | 1060 | ||
| Regular Dental Examinations | 1060 | ||
| Removal of Plaque | 1060 | ||
| Fluoride | 1061 | ||
| Dietary Factors | 1061 | ||
| Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention | 1062 | ||
| Motor Vehicle Injuries | 1062 | ||
| Motor vehicle–related injuries. | 1067 | ||
| Drowning | 1067 | ||
| Burns | 1067 | ||
| Accidental Poisoning | 1068 | ||
| Falls | 1069 | ||
| Aspiration and Suffocation | 1070 | ||
| Bodily Damage | 1070 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families | 1071 | ||
| Key Points | 1072 | ||
| Website | 1072 | ||
| References | 1072 | ||
| Additional Resources | 1074 | ||
| 37 The Preschooler and Family | 1075 | ||
| Objectives | 1075 | ||
| Website | 1075 | ||
| Promoting Optimum Growth and Development | 1075 | ||
| Biological Development | 1075 | ||
| Gross and Fine Motor Skills | 1078 | ||
| Psychosocial Development | 1078 | ||
| Developing a Sense of Initiative (Erikson) | 1078 | ||
| Cognitive Development | 1078 | ||
| Preoperational Phase (Piaget) | 1078 | ||
| Moral Development | 1079 | ||
| Preconventional or Premoral Level (Kohlberg) | 1079 | ||
| Spiritual Development | 1079 | ||
| Development of Body Image | 1079 | ||
| Development of Sexuality | 1079 | ||
| Social Development | 1080 | ||
| Language | 1080 | ||
| Personal-Social Behaviour | 1081 | ||
| Play | 1081 | ||
| Coping With Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development | 1082 | ||
| Preschool and Kindergarten Experience | 1082 | ||
| Sex Education | 1083 | ||
| Fears | 1084 | ||
| Stress | 1085 | ||
| Aggression | 1085 | ||
| Speech Issues | 1085 | ||
| Mental Health | 1086 | ||
| Promoting Optimum Health During Preschool Years | 1086 | ||
| Nutrition | 1086 | ||
| Sleep and Activity | 1087 | ||
| Sleep Problems | 1087 | ||
| Dental Health | 1088 | ||
| Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention | 1088 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families | 1088 | ||
| Infectious Disorders | 1088 | ||
| Communicable Diseases | 1088 | ||
| Nursing Care | 1089 | ||
| Preventing Spread | 1089 | ||
| Preventing Complications | 1096 | ||
| Providing Comfort | 1098 | ||
| Supporting Child and Family | 1098 | ||
| Key Points | 1098 | ||
| Website | 1099 | ||
| References | 1099 | ||
| Additional Resources | 1100 | ||
| 38 The School-Age Child and Family | 1101 | ||
| Objectives | 1101 | ||
| Website | 1101 | ||
| Promoting Optimum Growth and Development | 1101 | ||
| Biological Development | 1101 | ||
| Proportional Changes | 1102 | ||
| Maturation of Systems | 1102 | ||
| Prepubescence. | 1102 | ||
| Psychosocial Development | 1103 | ||
| Developing a Sense of Industry (Erikson) | 1103 | ||
| Cognitive Development | 1105 | ||
| Moral Development | 1105 | ||
| Spiritual Development | 1106 | ||
| Social Development | 1107 | ||
| Social Relationships and Cooperation | 1107 | ||
| Clubs and peer groups. | 1107 | ||
| Bullying. | 1108 | ||
| Relationships With Families | 1108 | ||
| Play | 1109 | ||
| Rules and rituals. | 1109 | ||
| Team play. | 1109 | ||
| Quiet games and activities. | 1110 | ||
| Development of a Self-Concept | 1110 | ||
| Development of a Body Image | 1110 | ||
| Coping With Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development | 1111 | ||
| School Experience | 1111 | ||
| Teachers. | 1111 | ||
| Parents. | 1111 | ||
| Latchkey Children | 1111 | ||
| Limit-Setting and Discipline | 1112 | ||
| Dishonest Behaviour | 1112 | ||
| Stress and Fear | 1113 | ||
| Promoting Optimum Health During the School Years | 1114 | ||
| Nutrition | 1114 | ||
| Sleep and Rest | 1114 | ||
| Exercise and Activity | 1114 | ||
| Sports | 1115 | ||
| Acquisition of Skills | 1115 | ||
| Dental Health | 1115 | ||
| Dental Problems | 1116 | ||
| Sex Education | 1117 | ||
| Nurse’s Role in Sex Education | 1117 | ||
| School Health | 1118 | ||
| Injury Prevention | 1118 | ||
| Use of Social Media and the Internet | 1121 | ||
| Special Health Problems | 1121 | ||
| Health Problems Related to Sports Participation | 1121 | ||
| Head Injuries and Concussion | 1121 | ||
| Overuse Syndromes | 1122 | ||
| Stress fractures. | 1122 | ||
| Therapeutic management. | 1122 | ||
| Nursing Care | 1122 | ||
| Altered Growth and Maturation | 1122 | ||
| Tall Stature | 1123 | ||
| Short Stature | 1123 | ||
| Nursing Care | 1123 | ||
| Sex Chromosome Abnormalities | 1123 | ||
| Turner Syndrome | 1123 | ||
| Klinefelter Syndrome | 1124 | ||
| Nursing Care | 1124 | ||
| School-Age Disorders With Behavioural Components | 1124 | ||
| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disability | 1124 | ||
| Diagnostic evaluation. | 1124 | ||
| Therapeutic management. | 1125 | ||
| Pharmacological therapy. | 1125 | ||
| Behavioural therapy. | 1127 | ||
| Multimodal treatments. | 1127 | ||
| Environmental manipulation. | 1127 | ||
| Classroom education. | 1127 | ||
| Growth and development. | 1127 | ||
| Prognosis. | 1127 | ||
| Nursing Care | 1127 | ||
| Enuresis | 1128 | ||
| Nursing Care | 1128 | ||
| Anxiety Disorders | 1129 | ||
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | 1129 | ||
| Appendices | 1785 | ||
| Appendix A Eating Well With Canada’s Food Guide | 1785 | ||
| Appendix B Developmental Screening | 1788 | ||
| Appendix C Growth Charts and Body Mass Index (BMI) Calculation | 1791 | ||
| Appendix D Common Laboratory Tests and Normal Ranges | 1797 | ||
| Appendix E Pediatric Vital Signs and Parameters | 1806 | ||
| Index | 1808 | ||
| A | 1808 | ||
| B | 1811 | ||
| C | 1814 | ||
| D | 1819 | ||
| E | 1821 | ||
| F | 1823 | ||
| G | 1825 | ||
| H | 1827 | ||
| I | 1830 | ||
| J | 1833 | ||
| K | 1834 | ||
| L | 1834 | ||
| M | 1835 | ||
| N | 1837 | ||
| O | 1839 | ||
| P | 1840 | ||
| Q | 1846 | ||
| R | 1846 | ||
| S | 1847 | ||
| T | 1851 | ||
| U | 1853 | ||
| V | 1854 | ||
| W | 1855 | ||
| X | 1855 | ||
| Y | 1855 | ||
| Z | 1855 | ||
| Special Features | IBC6 | ||
| Atraumatic Care | IBC6 | ||
| Community Focus | IBC6 | ||
| Critical Thinking Case Study | IBC6 | ||
| Cultural Awareness | IBC6 | ||
| Emergency | IBC6 | ||
| Family-Centred Teaching | IBC6 | ||
| Guidelines | IBC7 | ||
| Home Care | IBC7 | ||
| Medication Guide | IBC7 | ||
| Patient Teaching | IBC7 | ||
| Research Focus | IBC7 | ||
| Website | IBC7 | ||
| Nursing Care Plan | IBC7 | ||
| Nursing Process | IBC7 |