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Drawing in the Design Process: Characterizing Industrial and Educational Practice

Drawing in the Design Process: Characterizing Industrial and Educational Practice

Pamela Schenk

(2017)

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Book Details

Abstract

In the early days of the digital revolution in graphic design, many designers and teachers of design were convinced that the era of drawing on paper was over – that there would soon no longer be a place for craft-based drawing at any stage of the design process. It soon became apparent, however, that technological progress had not obviated the inherent value of drawing, and that, in fact, it opened up new avenues for convergent and hybrid drawing practices. This book traces the evolution of design-based drawing through analysis of a series of research projects from the 1980s to recent years that have sought to characterize the changing practices of design within various industries. Built on more than 300 interviews with designers, academics and design students, and an exhaustive analysis of thousands of drawings, it aims to generate discussion around historical and contemporary models of the design process.
‘This is an engaging study that provides comprehensive evidence of research into the field over a considerable period. [It] is well organised into manageable components, and provides the reader with a clear framework to navigate the enquiry.’ Paul Fieldsend- Danks, Norwich University of the Arts

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Half Title i
Title iii
Copyright iv
Contents v
List of Figures and Tables ix
Acknowledgements xiii
Introduction 1
Part I – Context and Conduct of the Long-Term Study 9
Chapter One: Context of the Long-Term Study – Theoretical Framework 11
Introduction to the long-term study 13
The design process 15
Drawing for creative thinking 19
Drawing, memory and visual literacy 23
Drawing for ideation and communication 26
Drawing in the digital age 28
Drawing in design education 32
Chapter Two: Conduct of the Long-Term Study – Investigative Framework 39
Overview 41
Respondents 42
Variables and topics investigated 44
Part II – Phases of the Long-Term Study 49
Phase 1 51
Chapter Three: Drawing in the Graphic Design Industry in the Mid-1980s 51
Introduction to Project One 53
Preparation and inspiration 55
Briefing and ideation 58
Development and synthesis 64
Presentation and evaluation 67
Commissioning and specification 73
The importance of drawing in graphic design 76
Chapter Four: Developing Drawing Competence in the Mid-1980s 77
Introduction to Project Two 79
Developing drawing competence in industry and education 80
Curriculum planning and drawing tuition 83
Professional practice or artistic expression 86
Phase 2 89
Chapter Five: The Impact of Digital Technology on Drawing for Graphic Design in the 1990s 89
Introduction to Project Three 91
New uses of drawing 92
Individual drawing practices 97
Drawing in the design process following the introduction of the new technology 102
Preparation and inspiration 102
Briefing and ideation 104
Development and synthesis 106
Presentation and evaluation 108
Commissioning and specification 110
The impact of the new technology on drawing for graphic design 111
Phase 3 113
Chapter Six: Drawing in Contemporary Design Education 113
Introduction to Project Four 115
Developing drawing competence for professional practice 116
Drawing on the curriculum in the digital age 119
Curriculum planning and drawing tuition 120
Discipline-based diversity 123
Chapter Seven: Drawing in Contemporary Design Practice 127
Introduction to Project Five 129
Individual drawing practices 130
Drawing in the contemporary design process 133
Preparation and inspiration 134
Briefing and ideation 139
Development and synthesis 147
Presentation and evaluation 154
Commissioning and specification 160
Relative advantages of paper and screen 162
Part III – Characterization and Generalization 167
Chapter Eight: A Taxonomy of Drawing in Design 169
Systematic classification 171
The development of the taxonomy 172
Structure of the taxonomy of drawing in design 174
Categorization and characterization – Task, use and type of drawing 175
Categorization and characterization – Task and drawing competence 179
Applications of the taxonomy 189
Chapter Nine: Models of Drawing in Design and in Education 193
Introduction 195
The three environments of drawing in design 195
The three environments of teaching and learning 199
The student experience 203
Chapter Ten: Drawing Conclusions 205
Patterns of change in drawing practice and drawing tuition 207
The importance of drawing in design practice 208
Developing drawing competence 210
References 213
Appendices 225
Appendix I: Respondents in Phase 1: 1984–1989 227
Appendix II: Respondents in Phase 2: 1990–1999 231
Appendix III: Respondents in Phase 3: 2004–2015 233
Appendix IV: Student Respondents in the Three Phases 1984–2015 237
Appendix V: Advisors for the Long-Term Study – 1984–2015 239
Index 241
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