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Trauma-Sensitive Yoga

Trauma-Sensitive Yoga

Dagmar Härle | David Emerson | Christine M. Grimm

(2017)

Abstract

Traumatic events are more than a narrative or singular event in a person's life; the body remembers traumatic events and can experience them over and over, even after many years have passed. This book shows how trauma-sensitive yoga can be used in individual therapy and in groups to overcome trauma, by calming the nervous system and helping people to come out of dissociative states. The book also shows teachers how to detect when certain postures trigger anxiety, and offers ways to support healing in general yoga classes.

Drawing on her experience as both trauma therapist and yoga teacher, the author focuses on the body-mind connection and presents asanas and breathing exercises that can help traumatised patients re-engage and take control of their bodies.


A rich educational and practical tool that goes to the very heart of yoga. Not only does it help us understand why the body does not always feel safe during yoga practice but it provides new resources for healing that are accessible to therapists, yoga teachers and practitioners alike.
Jeltje Gordon-Lennox, psychotherapist, traumatology specialist, and author
Dagmar Härle is a trauma therapist and yoga teacher based at the Institute for Body-oriented Trauma Therapy in Basel, Switzerland.
This book shows how trauma-sensitive yoga can be used in individual therapy and in groups to overcome trauma, by calming the nervous system and helping people to come out of dissociative states. The book also shows teachers how to detect when certain postures trigger anxiety, and offers ways to support healing in general yoga classes...This book explains why yoga is a useful approach for trauma therapy and shows how to use this method in one-to-one and group settings. It also includes useful examples of non-triggering asanas and breathing exercises.
Embody Magazine, Autumn 2017
A wonderful book suitable for trauma therapists, yoga therapists and teachers, that shows how trauma-sensitive yoga can be used in individual therapy and in groups to overcome trauma by calming the nervous system and helping people come out of dissociative states. It shows teachers how to detect when certain postures trigger anxiety, and offers ways to support healing in general yoga classes and features a wealth of asanas and breathing exercises to help patients re-engage and take control of their bodies.
Yoga Magazine
[Härle] offers practical, tangible tools that can be used by readers to treat trauma more effectively.
From the foreword by David Emerson, Director of Yoga Services, The Trauma Center, MA, USA

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Trauma-Sensitive Yoga by Dagmar Härle 3
Foreword by David Emerson 9
Acknowledgments 13
Introduction 15
Part I - West: Psychotraumatology 25
1. The Event 27
Differentiation of the term “trauma” 29
2. The Impact 31
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 31
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder, attachment trauma, and developmental trauma 33
Dissociation 40
3. Why Doesn’t It Stop When It’s Over? 43
The hierarchy of information processing 43
How can traumatic experiences be integrated? 48
How do we reach the subcortical brain structures? 50
Polyvagal Theory 52
Top down versus bottom up 55
The inner world of the body—The sixth sense 61
4. What to Do? 66
Stabilization or exposure therapy? 66
First develop a good relationship 68
The third space 69
Part II - East: \nConnecting Body and Mind 73
5. Yoga Is More than Asanas 75
History and principles 75
Paths to liberation 76
The Eightfold Path of Raja yoga 77
6. “Work-In”—Hatha Yoga 83
7. The Tools of a Yogi 85
Asana 85
Pranayama 86
Mindfulness 88
Part III - West Studies East: Research 91
8. Yoga Helps! 93
Yoga influences neurotransmitters 93
Does yoga help trauma clients? 95
Does yoga replace trauma therapy? 98
9. Which Components of Yoga Are Effective? 102
The rhythm does it 102
The breath does it 104
Asanas or pranayama? 105
Mindfulness as an effect factor 106
Summary and conclusions 108
Part IV - How Does Yoga Become Part of Trauma Therapy? 113
10. The Method 115
Basic requirements \nfor trauma therapy 115
Principles for a body-oriented approach 118
11. Possible Practice Settings 121
Trauma-Sensitive Yoga in a group setting 122
Trauma-Sensitive Yoga at the beginning and/or end of a therapy session 129
Planning and developing a yoga program 132
Incorporating Trauma-Sensitive Yoga into the trauma therapy 137
Planning the therapy 139
12. Guidance for Instructors 144
Tone of voice 144
Pace and timing of speech 145
Processing of instructions 145
Staying in contact 146
Keeping the focus on the body 147
Emphasis on choices and freedom in decision-making 149
Corrections 152
The language of empowerment 154
Wavelike instruction and breaks 155
Relationships and mirroring 156
Interoceptive language 157
Part V - Practice 159
13. Asanas 161
Seated poses 166
Standing poses 186
14. Pranayama 199
Pranayama in anatomical terms 199
Pranayama in practical terms 201
Goals of breath control 205
Pranayama practice 207
How I introduce working with PRANAYAMA 208
Pranayama exercises 210
15. Mindfulness 218
Effective factors 218
Goals of mindfulness practice 220
Being non-judgmental 224
What does non-mindfulness actually look like? 225
Part VI - Achieving Therapeutic Goals with Trauma-Sensitive Yoga 227
16. Overview of Therapy Goals and Trauma-Sensitive Yoga 229
17. Psychoeducation 232
18. Practice and Case Examples 234
Building resources 234
Affect regulation and control 238
Learning to differentiate 245
Flexibility in posture and movement 247
Impulses and interrupted defensive movement 252
Relaxation 256
Exposure and habituation in body-oriented therapy 260
A relationship of equals 264
Dissociation and flashback—Here-and-now experiences 268
Changing concepts of the self—Empowerment and self-esteem 270
Reducing states of tension in the body 272
Concluding Thoughts 277
Appendix 281
Questionnaire Following a Yoga Course 281
Questionnaire on the Effect of the Yoga Practice 283
Handout—Making Contact with Your Body 285
Yoga Notes 286
References 287
Index 295