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Abstract
This collection of essays by leading feminist thinkers from North and South constitutes a major new attempt to reposition feminism within development studies.
Feminism’s emphasis on social transformation makes it fundamental to development studies. Yet the relationship between the two disciplines has frequently been a troubled one. At present, the way in which many development institutions function often undermines feminist intent through bureaucratic structures and unequal power quotients. Moreover, the seeming intractability of inequalities and injustice in developing countries have presented feminists with some enormous challenges. Here, emphasizing the importance of a plurality of approaches, the authors argue for the importance of what ‘feminisms’ have to say to development.
Confronting the enormous challenges for feminisms in development studies, this book provides real hope for dialogue and exchange between feminisms and development.
Andrea Cornwall is Fellow of the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex. She is co-editor of Dislocating Masculinity: Comparative Ethnographies (1994), Realizing Rights: Transforming Sexual and Reproductive Wellbeing (Zed 2002) and editor of Readings in Gender in Africa (2004).
Ann Whitehead is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Sussex. A contributor to foundational debates on feminist engagement with development and on theorising gender, she has had a wide engagement with national and international feminist politics.
Elizabeth Harrison is a Senior Lecturer in Anthropology at the University of Sussex. She is the co-author of Whose Development? An Ethnography of Aid (Zed 1998).
'It is honest, level-headed, yet deeply committed to core feminist values and principles. Its editors and authors must be commended for their courage and their persistence with the difficult questions.'
Gita Sen
'A lively and self-critical set of essays on the perils and potentials of feminist engagements with the structures of power in the development field, by those who have been there.'
Naila Kabeer
'Using an international perspective, it provides indispensable insights for everyone working on development, activists and women's movements around the world.'
Pinar Ilkkaracan
'Highly recommended to researchers, teachers, and activists in all fields of development study and practice.'
Population and Development Review
'Their work is significant for GAD (Gender and Development) practitioners and should be a mandatory read.'
Wendy Miller, Lilith
'The book is exemplar in the field of feminist writing ... pioneering in its insights on the trajectory of gender and development debates and policy choices that have resulted from feminist engagement. The conceptual breadth of this work is impressive as it seamlessly covers multiple topics that are central to gender and development debates ... A compelling read.'
Feminist Economics
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Cover\r | Cover | ||
Contents | v | ||
Acknowledgements | viii | ||
1 | Introduction: feminisms in development: contradictions, contestations and challenges | 1 | ||
The struggle for interpretive power | 4 | ||
Working within development institutions | 9 | ||
International feminism in troubling times | 12 | ||
2 | Gender myths that instrumentalize women: a view from the Indian front line | 21 | ||
Gender myth complex I | 21 | ||
Gender myth complex II | 26 | ||
Conclusion | 31 | ||
3 | Dangerous equations? How female-headed households became the poorest of the poor | 35 | ||
How women-headed households became the ‘poorest of the poor’ | 36 | ||
Challenges to the construction of women-headed households as the ‘poorest of the poor’ | 37 | ||
Implications of competing constructions of female household headship and the links with poverty | 40 | ||
Female-headed households as the ‘poorest of the poor’ | 41 | ||
Conclusion | 44 | ||
4 | Back to women? Translations, resignifications and myths of gender in policy and practice in Brazil | 48 | ||
From ‘women’ to ‘gender’ in feminist theory | 49 | ||
Translations and (mis)uses of gender in Brazil | 53 | ||
Gender in development policy and planning in Brazil | 56 | ||
Back to women? | 59 | ||
5 | Battles over booklets: gender myths in the British aid programme | 65 | ||
The policy context | 66 | ||
The history of the booklets | 67 | ||
Themes, myths and fables | 71 | ||
Conclusion | 75 | ||
6 | Not very poor, powerless or pregnant: the African woman forgotten by development | 79 | ||
HIV/AIDS: the new lens | 79 | ||
Silencing of the middle-class woman | 82 | ||
The dual identity | 83 | ||
The personal is no longer political | 84 | ||
Conclusion: creating new images and using new approaches | 84 | ||
7 | ‘Streetwalkers show the way’: reframingthe debate on trafficking from sex workers’perspective | 86 | ||
First the stories … | 87 | ||
Challenging the associations between poverty and trafficking and other myths | 90 | ||
The question of agency | 92 | ||
Durbar’s position on trafficking and its interventions against it | 93 | ||
What is to be done? | 94 | ||
Restoring control to trafficked women | 95 | ||
Changing the frame | 97 | ||
8 | Gender, myth and fable: the perils ofmainstreaming in sector bureaucracies | 101 | ||
The scene | 102 | ||
What is going on? | 103 | ||
Bureaucracies – drivers or followers of change? | 103 | ||
Naïve notions – policy as a route to transformation | 106 | ||
Concluding reflections | 109 | ||
9 | Making sense of gender in shifting institutional contexts: some reflections on gender mainstreaming | 112 | ||
Placing gender mainstreaming in context | 115 | ||
Final thoughts … | 119 | ||
10 | Gender mainstreaming: what is it (about) and should we continue doing it? | 122 | ||
Gender mainstreaming and development policy | 124 | ||
Swedish approaches to gender equality policy | 127 | ||
Doing ‘gender’ in Swedish international development work | 128 | ||
Repositioning ‘gender’ in development policy and practice | 131 | ||
11 | Mainstreaming gender or ‘streaming’ gender away: feminists marooned in the development business | 135 | ||
Gender mainstreaming: the bold new strategy | 136 | ||
From incorporation to rights | 137 | ||
Gender mainstreaming means getting rid of the focus on women | 139 | ||
Whose responsibility? | 140 | ||
Gender mainstreaming = more women in organizations | 141 | ||
Gender equality in the absence of an institutional mandate for promoting equality | 142 | ||
Conclusion: fighting back | 143 | ||
12 | Critical connections: feminist studies in African contexts | 150 | ||
Women’s studies, gender studies, feminist studies | 152 | ||
Conclusions | 157 | ||
13 | SWApping gender: from cross-cutting obscurity to sectoral security? | 161 | ||
The logic of marginality | 164 | ||
Bureaucratic logic | 166 | ||
Re-positioning gender equality | 167 | ||
Building power-houses for women’s rights | 169 | ||
14 | The NGO-ization of Arab women’s movements | 177 | ||
Arab women’s organizations in historical context | 178 | ||
Development and feminism: echoes of the colonial encounter | 182 | ||
The NGO-ization of Arab women’s movements | 184 | ||
Conclusion | 188 | ||
15 | Political fiction meets gender myth: post-conflict reconstruction, ‘democratization’ and women’s rights | 191 | ||
Parallel universes? Gender mainstreaming and the ‘real world’of politics | 193 | ||
16 | Reassessing paid work and women’s empowerment: lessons from the global economy | 201 | ||
The ‘Engelian myth’ meets the informal economy | 202 | ||
Women remain ‘cheap’ workers | 205 | ||
Women’s paid work and intra-household gender relations | 206 | ||
Micro-credit and women’s empowerment? | 207 | ||
Women, work and money: contradictory implications | 209 | ||
17 | Announcing a new dawn prematurely? Human rights feminists and the rights-based approaches to development | 214 | ||
The case for the RBAs | 215 | ||
Critiquing the RBAs: what the sceptics are saying | 216 | ||
What challenges are posed for feminists by the RBAs? | 223 | ||
18 | The chimera of success: gender ennui and the changed international policy environment | 227 | ||
Notes on contributors | 241 | ||
Index | 247 |