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Abstract
The book explores connections between poverty and migration in the context of the expansion of neoliberalism in Europe, examining these global concerns from a local perspective. The last decade has witnessed a massive, perhaps unprecedented, movement of people across Europe. Some of the dislocated are victims of war, but even greater numbers are casualties of the economic reforms which were implemented after the collapse of socialism in eastern Europe, and some 10-15 years earlier in western Europe. As this volume shows, people do not move in only one direction, from economically weaker to stronger regions; rather, movement takes place both into and out of recently created 'backwaters'. Such movements reflect the dynamic and shifting form of an ever-changing Europe, where people are responding to new opportunities for mobility, and to local inequalities resulting from political changes and economic reforms. As people seek new opportunities, movement itself becomes part of the process of generating new inequalities between regions and nations. Symbolically and objectively the map of Europe is being redrawn. The chapters in this collection give vivid examples of not only the process of re-mapping, but also of people’s strong sense of local 'place' and their participation in global movements.
This book explores connections between poverty and migration in the context of the expansion of neoliberalism in Europe. The last decade has witnessed a massive movement of people in response to rising inequalities as a result of political changes and economic reforms implemented across the continent. As people seek new opportunities, movement itself becomes part of the process of generating new inequalities. The chapters in this volume provide vivid examples of local participation in such global processes.
Deema Kaneff is a Reader at the Centre for Russian and East European Studies, University of Birmingham, England.
Frances Pine is a Reader in the Anthropology Department of Goldsmiths, University of London, England.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | i | ||
| Front Matter | ii | ||
| Half Title | ii | ||
| Title Page | iv | ||
| Copyright Page | v | ||
| CONTENTS | viii | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | x | ||
| Main Matter | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1: EMERGING INEQUALITIES IN EUROPE: POVERTY AND TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION | 1 | ||
| Introduction | 1 | ||
| I. Increasing Poverty and Inequalities in the Context of Economic and Political Reform | 2 | ||
| II. Histories of Migrations | 12 | ||
| III. Summary of Chapters | 28 | ||
| Notes | 31 | ||
| References | 32 | ||
| Chapter 2: CAPITAL, FAMILY OR COMMUNITY IN POSTSOCIALIST RURAL ROMANIA: INEQUALITIES AND EQUALITIES | 37 | ||
| Introduction: Rural Equality and Inequality | 37 | ||
| The Complexity of Postsocialism | 39 | ||
| The Romanian Case | 42 | ||
| Property and Kinship | 44 | ||
| Continuity, Change and Inequality | 47 | ||
| Conclusion | 53 | ||
| Notes | 54 | ||
| References | 55 | ||
| Chapter 3: INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION, REMITTANCES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN MOLDOVA | 57 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 57 | ||
| 2. Moldova: Remittances, Economic Recovery, and Poverty | 58 | ||
| 3. A Household-Level Dataset on Migration and Remittances | 62 | ||
| 4. Determinants of the Migration Decision | 66 | ||
| 5. Determinants of Remittances and Household Expenditures | 70 | ||
| 6. Migration and Current Consumption Expenditure | 73 | ||
| 7. Conclusions and Policy Implications | 76 | ||
| Notes | 77 | ||
| References | 77 | ||
| Chapter 4: FROM STREET BUSKING IN SWITZERLAND TO MEAT FACTORIES IN THE UK: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO ROMA MIGRATION NETWORKS FROM SLOVAKIA | 79 | ||
| Two Roma Groupings on the Margins of the Slovakian State: Feladincze in Slovak-Hungarian and Tarkovce in Slovak-Ukrainian Borderlands | 81 | ||
| Case 1: Busking as a Migration Tactic in Geneva | 84 | ||
| Case 2: From Slovakia to United Kingdom Meat Factories | 90 | ||
| Concluding Remarks | 96 | ||
| Notes | 98 | ||
| References | 101 | ||
| Chapter 5: TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION OF BULGARIAN ROMA | 103 | ||
| Theoretical Framework | 104 | ||
| Destinations | 106 | ||
| Reasons for Transnational Migration | 108 | ||
| Social Networks and Emigration | 115 | ||
| Conclusion | 119 | ||
| Notes | 120 | ||
| References | 122 | ||
| Chapter 6: THE END OF POLITICS IN ROMANIA’S JIU VALLEY: GLOBAL NORMALISATION AND THE REPRODUCTION OF INEQUALITY | 125 | ||
| Introduction: Global Integration, Violence, and Regional Normalisation | 125 | ||
| A History of Global Connections and Normalisation in the Jiu Valley | 127 | ||
| The Jiu Valley in the Revolution and After: Mineriade and Normalisation | 130 | ||
| Global Normalisation Today: Processes, Practices, Costs, Outcomes | 131 | ||
| Conclusions: Miner’s Day, 2009 and the Parody of Politics in Today’s Jiu Valley | 140 | ||
| Notes | 142 | ||
| References | 142 | ||
| Chapter 7: ASSISTANCE MIGRANTS IN RUSSIA: UPSETTING THE HIERARCHIES OF TRANSITIONAL DEVELOPMENT | 145 | ||
| Neither East nor West: Locating Russia within Shifting Fields of Desirability and Decline | 147 | ||
| To Give is to Receive: The Geopolitics of Disdain and Subordination | 150 | ||
| Global Value and the New Russia | 158 | ||
| Notes | 159 | ||
| References | 160 | ||
| Chapter 8: CONTEMPORARY CONTEXTS OF EUROPEAN MIGRATION: CONCLUDING THOUGHTS | 163 | ||
| References | 168 | ||
| End Matter | 169 | ||
| LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS | 169 | ||
| INDEX | 173 |