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Homelands

Homelands

Nick Baron | Peter Gatrell

(2004)

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Book Details

Abstract

This new volume, by a team of international scholars, explores aspects of population displacement and statehood at a crucial juncture in modern European history, when the entire continent took on the aspect of a 'laboratory atop a mass graveyard' (Tomas Masaryk). The topic of state-building has acquired a new actuality in recent years, following the collapse of the USSR and the 'Soviet bloc' and in view of the complex, often violent, territorial and ethnic conflicts which have ensued. Many of the current dilemmas and tragedies of the region have their origins in the aftermath of World War I, when newly independent nation states, struggling to emerge from the rubble of the former Russian empire, first sought to define themselves in terms of population, territory and citizenship. 'Homelands' examines the interactions of forced migration, state construction and myriad emerging forms of social identity. It opens up a fresh perspective on twentieth-century history and throws new light on present-day political, humanitarian and scholarly issues of crucial concern to political scientists, sociologists, geographers, refugee welfare workers, policymakers and others.


'An exciting collaborative effort… There is no available study with this scope and intellectual boldness... This volume will be a sure hit with a broad set of reading publics, appropriate for specialists in the field and a very attractive introduction for undergraduate students in history, human rights, international relations, and many other fields.' —Mark von Hagen, Professor of History, Columbia University


'Well defined, authoritative, disciplined and topically innovative… A pioneering publication in an academic field which is just opening up.' —Raymond Pearson, Professor of Modern European History, School of History and International Affairs, University of Ulster


Nick Baron is a Lecturer in History at the University of Nottingham, UK. He works on Russian and East European history and historical geography.

Peter Gatrell is Professor of Modern History at the University of Manchester, UK. His main research and teaching interests are in the field of modern European social, economic and cultural history, with a particular focus on modern Russia.


This new volume, by a team of international scholars, explores aspects of population displacement and statehood at a crucial juncture in modern European history, when the entire continent took on the aspect of a 'laboratory atop a mass graveyard' (Tomas Masaryk).


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover 1
Front Matter\r 2
Half Title\r 2
Anthem Studies in Population Displacement and Political Space\r 3
Title\r 4
Copyright\r 5
Contents\r 6
List of Maps\r 8
List of Tables\r 9
Acknowledgements\r 11
Contributors\r 18
Main Body\r 20
Introduction, by Nick Baron and Peter Gatrell\r 20
Note on Terminology\r 27
1. War, Population Displacement and State Formation in the Russian Borderlands, 1914-24, by Peter Gatrell\r 29
1.1 World War One: Humanity Uprooted \r 30
1.2 Revolution, Peacemaking, and the Onset of Civil War in Russia\r 35
1.3 The Framework of Resettlement and Relief\r 42
1.4 Towards a Refugee-Centred Perspective: Narrating and Negotiating Displacement\r 48
1.5 Concluding Remarks: 'War After the War'\r 52
2. Latvian Refugees and the Latvian Nation State during and after World War One\r 54
2.1 Introduction\r 54
2.2 The Development of the Idea of a Latvian State During World War One\r 56
2.3 The Institutional Framework of the Latvian National Movement\r 59
2.4 Representations of Latvian Refugees in the Russian Interior\r 62
2.5 Beyond World War One\r 64
2.6 Conclusions\r 69
3. In Search of National Support: Belarusian Refugees in World War One and the People's Republic of Belarus, by Valentina Utgof\r 72
3.1 Introduction\r 72
3.2 War and the Origins of Refugee Relief in Belarus\r 73
3.3 Educational and Cultural Work\r 75
3.4 Revolution and Belarusian Refugeedom During 1917\r 78
3.5 Population Displacement and Political Uncertainty in Belarus After October 1917\r 81
3.6 Refugees and the Future of Belarus\r 86
3.7 Conclusions\r 91
4. In Search of a Native Realm: The Return of World War One Refugees to Lithuania, 1918-24, by Tomas Balkelis\r 93
4.1 Introduction\r 93
4.2 The Chronology of Repatriation\r 94
4.3 The First Phase: 1918 to Mid-1920\r 95
4.4 Phase Two: The Politics of Organized Return (Mid-1920-1924)\r 100
4.5 Shifting Borders and Political Loyalties: Refugees from Vilno and Grodno\r 106
4.6 Refugees' Ethnicity and the 'Jewish Question'\r 110
4.7 Conclusions\r 114
Tables\r 116
5. Population Displacement and Citizenship in Poland, 1918-24, by Konrad Zielinski \r 117
5.1 Migration and Nationality Politics in the New Poland\r 117
5.2 The Legal Framework\r 120
5.3 Regulations and Practice\r 124
5.4 The 'Character' of the Refugee\r 129
5.6 Russians in Polesie: At Home or in Exile?\r 133
5.7 Conclusions\r 135
6. The Rapatriation of Polish Citizens from Soviet Ukraine to Poland in 1921-2, by Kateryna Stadnik\r 138
6.1 Introduction\r 138
6.2 The Institutional Framework\r 139
6.3 Labelling Returnees\r 141
6.4 Counting Re-Evacuees\r 145
6.5 The Decision to Migrate\r 147
6.6 Abandoned Children\r 148
6.7 Welfare, Politics and Decision-Making by Refugees\r 149
6.8 Conclusions\r 155
7. 'Sybiraki': Siberian and Manchurian Returnees in Independent Poland, by Lucja Kapralska\r 157
7.1 Introduction\r 157
7.2 Poles in Siberia and the Far East Before and During the Russian Revolution\r 158
7.3 Returning Home\r 161
7.4 The Association of Siberian Deportees (Zwaiazek Sybirakow)\r 165
7.5 The Role of 'Sybirak'\r 168
7.6 Conclusions\r 173
8. Refugees in the Urals Region, 1917-25 by Gennadi Kornilov\r 175
8.1 Introduction\r 175
8.2 Three Phases of Migration and the Institutional Context\r 176
8.3 The First Phase and its Implications\r 178
8.4 The Second Wave Joins the First\r 185
8.5 'Famine Refugees'\r 187
8.6 Coming to Terms with Population Displacement\r 193
8.7 Conclusions\r 196
9. Armenia: the 'Nationalization', Internationalization and Representation of the Refugee Crisis, by Peter Gatrell and Jo Laycock\r 198
9.1 Introduction\r 198
9.2 World War One, 'Genocide', and the Mobilization of International Opinion\r 199
9.3 Territorial Reconfiguration and Population Displacement, 1918-20\r 202
9.4 Humanitarian Intervention, 1918-25\r 207
9.5 Internationalization: The League of Nations, and the Resettlement of Refugees\r 212
9.6 The Image of the Armenian Refugee\r 213
9.7 Conclusions\r 217
Conclusions: On Living in a 'New Country' by Peter Gatrell and Nick Baron\r 220
End Matter\r 228
Notes\r 228
Notes: Introduction\r 228
Notes: Chapter 1\r 231
Notes: Chapter 2\r 238
Notes: Chapter 3\r 241
Notes: Chapter 4\r 248
Notes: Chapter 5\r 252
Notes: Chapter 6\r 261
Notes: Chapter 7\r 266
Notes: Chapter 8\r 270
Notes: Chapter 9\r 272
Notes: Conclusion\r 279
Index\r 280