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Achieving sustainable cultivation of tomatoes

Achieving sustainable cultivation of tomatoes

Dr A. K. Mattoo | Prof. A. K. Handa | Dr Kenneth Boote | W. L. Araújo | C. Nick | F. T. Delazari | V. S. Almeida | Prof. D. J. H. Silva | A. Gazula | A. Simonne | M. Ozores-Hampton | Dr E. Simonne | Dr Martine Dorais | L. E. P. Peres | D. S. Reartes | M. H. Vicente | Dr A. Zsögön | Lawrence Kenyon | Dr Andreas W. Ebert | K. K. Mandadi | S. C. Irigoyen | Dr C. A. Avila | Dr Y. Bai | Junming Li | B. Kaur | Prof. A. K. Handa | Dr A. K. Mattoo | C. Sauvage | E. Albert | Dr M. Causse | Dr A. K. Mattoo | K. Wang | Prof. A. K. Handa | Prof. H Czosnek | Dr Moshe Lapidot | Dr R. Srinivasan | Dr R. Muniappan | Dr D. R. Panthee | Euro Pannacci | Prof. Francesco Tei | Mônica Macedo | Marcela Vasquez-Mayorga | Robert L. Gilbertson | F. Vidavski | A. Koren | Ilan Levin | P. Adhikari | J. P. Kressin

(2017)

Abstract

Tomatoes are the second most important vegetable crop in the world after potatoes. Originating in South America, they are now grown widely around the world. As the population continues to grow, there is a need to increase yields in the face of such challenges as climate change, threats from pests and diseases and the need to make cultivation more resource-efficient and sustainable.
Drawing on an international range of expertise, this collection focuses on ways of improving the cultivation of tomatoes at each step in the value chain, from breeding to post-harvest storage. The book begins by looking at improvements in cultivation techniques, before moving on to review advances in ensuring genetic diversity, understanding of tomato physiology and breeding techniques. The collection concludes by discussing developments in understanding and managing pests and diseases.
Achieving sustainable cultivation of tomatoes will be a standard reference for horticultural scientists in universities, government and other research centres and companies involved in tomato cultivation.
" …provides a very effective background to genetic tools to control viral and other diseases, thus complementing the earlier parts of the book which draw attention to the strategic importance of exploiting genetic diversity to develop crops with greater resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses…The book will certainly benefit plant breeders and those involved with genetic engineering technology to develop new crop varieties."
International Pest Control
"Authors have made remarkable efforts to balance background with basic-applied research findings enhancing the understanding of the various issues and techniques involved in tomato production, physiology, breeding and genetics…It is a valuable resource of modern knowledge for research academics and graduate students, and also applicable to consultants and managers involved in tomato R&D, such as those in seed and chemical companies."
Prof. Daniel Leskovar in Chronica Horticulturae

Tomatoes are the second most important vegetable crop in the world after potatoes. Originating in South America, they are now grown widely around the world. As the population continues to grow, there is a need to increase yields in the face of such challenges as climate change, threats from pests and diseases and the need to make cultivation more resource-efficient and sustainable.

Drawing on an international range of expertise, this collection focuses on ways of improving the cultivation of tomatoes at each step in the value chain, from breeding to post-harvest storage. The book begins by looking at improvements in cultivation techniques, before moving on to review advances in ensuring genetic diversity, understanding of tomato physiology and breeding techniques. The collection concludes by discussing developments in understanding and managing pests and diseases.

Achieving sustainable cultivation of tomatoes will be a standard reference for horticultural scientists in universities, government and other research centres and companies involved in tomato cultivation.


Sample content

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"The editors, contents and authors suggest this will be a valuable reference for tomato scientists."
Professor Elhadi M. Yahia, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico
" …provides a very effective background to genetic tools to control viral and other diseases, thus complementing the earlier parts of the book which draw attention to the strategic importance of exploiting genetic diversity to develop crops with greater resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses…The book will certainly benefit plant breeders and those involved with genetic engineering technology to develop new crop varieties."
International Pest Control
“Overall, the book contains some very good overviews on recent developments and potential areas for future developments in tomato improvement…the book should be commended on its breadth of coverage…and should be a valuable resource for tomato focused researchers and growers.”
Plant Pathology

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Contents\r v
Series list\r xi
Acknowledgements\r xv
Preface\r xvi
Introduction\r xviii
Part 1 Cultivation techniques\r xviii
Part 2 Plant physiology and breeding\r xix
Part 3 Diseases, pests and weeds\r xxi
Summary\r xxii
Part 1 Cultivation techniques 1
Chapter 1 Modelling crop growth and yield \nin tomato cultivation\r 3
1 Introduction\r 3
2 Review of tomato crop modelling and introduction \nof the CROPGRO-Tomato model 4
3 Important processes and temperature sensitivities \nin the CROPGRO-Tomato model 5
4 Integrating temperature effects and simulating growth and yield for tomato crops 10
5 Water and nitrogen balance in the \nCROPGRO-Tomato model 12
6 Illustrating growth dynamics of the CROPGRO-Tomato model and evaluations against field data 13
7 Simulating tomato growth and yield response \nunder N-limited and water-limited conditions 15
8 Summary\r 17
9 Future trends in research\r 18
10 Where to look for further information\r 19
11 References\r 19
Chapter 2 Optimizing yields in tomato cultivation: maximizing tomato plant use of resources\r 23
1 Introduction\r 23
2 Factors affecting stomatal opening in tomato plants\r 25
3 Interaction of stomatal opening factors\r 31
4 Cultivation practices to maximize tomato plant use \nof resources 32
5 Evaluation of plant water status\r 34
6 Future trends and conclusion\r 35
7 Acknowledgements\r 35
8 References\r 35
Chapter 3 Improving water and nutrient management in tomato cultivation\r 41
1 Introduction\r 41
2 Overview of tomato production systems\r 42
3 Environmental regulations affecting tomato production in the United States 43
4 Changing approaches to water and nutrient management: from optimizing production \nto optimizing input efficiency 45
5 Irrigation management systems for tomato production 47
6 Optimizing irrigation volumes and scheduling\r 49
7 Fertilization in tomato production: introduction \nand soil sampling 54
8 Nutrient sources for tomato production\r 56
9 Optimizing nitrogen (N) rates\r 59
10 Fertilizer recommendations, nutrient uptake and leaching 61
11 Implications of water and fertilizer use for food safety 63
12 Teaching water and nutrient management to tomato producers 64
13 Future trends and conclusion\r 66
14 Where to look for further information\r 66
15 References\r 67
Chapter 4 Organic greenhouse tomato production\r 77
1 Introduction\r 77
2 \x07Principles and standards of organic greenhouse cultivation\r 78
3 \x07Expansion of organic protected tomato cultivation around the world\r 79
4 \x07Types of greenhouses used for organic tomato cultivation around the world\r 80
5 \x07Productivity and profitability of organic greenhouse tomato production\r 82
6 \x07Cultivar and rootstock selection and seedling production\r 84
7 Organic greenhouse production systems\r 85
8 Fertilisation management\r 92
9 Water management\r 98
10 Plant protection\r 99
11 Health and nutritive value\r 101
12 Environmental impact of organic greenhouse tomatoes\r 103
13 Future trends and conclusion\r 104
14 Where to look for further information\r 106
15 References\r 106
Part 2 Plant physiology and breeding 115
Chapter 5 Understanding and improving water-use efficiency and drought resistance in tomato \r 117
1 Introduction\r 117
2 Tomato as a genetic model in plant biology\r 118
3 Patterns in tomato plant development\r 119
4 Water relations in tomato \r 123
5 Natural genetic variation in tomato\r 125
6 Case study: Solanum pennellii as a source \nof drought-resistance 127
7 Plant development and water relations\r 129
8 Future trends and conclusion\r 130
9 Where to look for further information\r 131
10 References\r 132
Chapter 6 Ensuring the genetic diversity of tomato\r 143
1 Introduction: key issues relating to the genetic diversity of tomatoes 143
2 Taxonomy and mating system of tomato and \nits wild relatives 145
3 Conservation of tomato genetic resources worldwide 147
4 Policies affecting access to plant genetic resources\r 152
5 Issues affecting the exchange and use of plant genetic resources 153
6 Phytosanitary requirements for the exchange \nof plant genetic resources 155
7 Phytosanitary measures in practice: the case \nof solanaceous viroids 156
8 Ways to strengthen sharing of crop genetic resources\r 159
9 Summary and future trends\r 161
10 Where to look for further information\r 162
11 References\r 163
Chapter 7 Tomato plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress\r 169
1 Introduction\r 169
2 Tomato responses to biotic stress\r 170
3 Tomato responses to abiotic stresses\r 172
4 Stress signalling and stress regulatory networks\r 174
5 Future trends\r 175
6 Where to look for further information\r 177
7 Acknowledgements\r 179
8 References\r 179
Chapter 8 Developments in tomato breeding: conventional and biotechnology tools\r 187
1 Introduction\r 187
2 Tomato domestication and breeding\r 188
3 Conventional tools in tomato introgression breeding\r 190
4 Mutagenesis and tomato mutant libraries\r 193
5 Future trends\r 196
6 Where to look for further information\r 197
7 Conclusion\r 197
8 Acknowledgements\r 198
9 References\r 198
Chapter 9 Advances in marker-assisted breeding of tomatoes\r 203
1 Introduction\r 203
2 Marker development\r 205
3 Populations for mapping\r 206
4 Strategies for trait association and GWAS\r 207
5 Mapping targeted traits in tomato\r 208
6 Selection methods\r 215
7 MAS progress in tomato breeding\r 217
8 Current developments in tomato breeding\r 218
9 Conclusions and future trends\r 221
10 Where to look for further information\r 222
11 References\r 224
Chapter 10 Genetic engineering of tomato to improve nutritional quality, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and for non-food applications\r 239
1 Introduction\r 239
2 History of tomato transformation and challenges\r 241
3 Genetic engineering of tomato for fruit quality and shelf life 242
4 Abiotic stress tolerance 252
5 Biotic stress tolerance 259
6 Tomato as a model system for biopharming 263
7 Future trends and conclusion\r 264
8 Where to look for further information\r 265
9 Acknowledgements\r 266
10 References\r 266
Chapter 11 Developing tomato varieties with improved flavour\r 283
1 Introduction\r 283
2 Genetic diversity of tomato flavour and consumer expectations 284
3 Genes and quantitative trait loci \naffecting flavour 286
4 Tomato texture\r 292
5 New approaches to tomato flavour diversity and genetic control 293
6 From MAS to genomic selection for flavour breeding 295
7 Interactions genotype by environment: a tool for breeding good tomatoes 297
8 Future trends\r 299
9 Conclusion\r 300
10 Where to look for further information\r 300
11 References\r 301
Chapter 12 Understanding and improving the shelf life of tomatoes\r 315
1 Introduction\r 315
2 Natural variability \r 317
3 Ripening mutants \r 318
4 Molecular determinants \r 319
5 Role of cell wall proteins \r 320
6 Role of epidermal waxes \r 321
7 Hormonal regulation\r 322
8 Controlling pathogen-based impairments\r 325
9 Pre-harvest strategies \r 326
10 Post-harvest chemical application\r 328
11 Post-harvest management\r 329
12 Conclusion and future trends\r 330
13 Where to look for further information\r 331
14 Acknowledgements\r 331
15 References\r 331
Part 3 Diseases, pests and weeds 343
Chapter 13 Insect-transmitted viral diseases infecting tomato crops \r 345
1 Introduction\r 345
2 Viruses transmitted by aphids\r 346
3 Transmission by thrips: tomato spotted wilt virus\r 350
4 Transmission of Begomoviruses by the tobacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) 353
5 Transmission of RNA viruses by whiteflies\r 357
6 Viruses spread by leafhoppers\r 359
7 Genetics tools to control viral infestation of tomatoes\r 360
8 Future trends and conclusion\r 368
9 Where to look for further information\r 369
10 References\r 369
Chapter 14 Genetic resistance to viruses in tomato\r 381
1 Introduction\r 381
2 Case study 1: Resistance to TYLCV 382
3 Case Study 2: Resistance to Tobamoviruses\r 386
4 Case study 3: Resistance to TSWV 389
5 Summary and future trends\r 391
6 Acknowledgements\r 392
7 Where to look for further information\r 392
8 References\r 393
Chapter 15 Bio-ecology of major insect and mite pests of tomato crops in the tropics\r 401
1 Introduction\r 401
2 Aphids\r 402
3 Thrips\r 403
4 Whitefly\r 404
5 Leaf miner\r 407
6 South American tomato leaf miner\r 408
7 Tomato fruit borer\r 410
8 Armyworms\r 411
9 Spider mites\r 414
10 Conclusions\r 415
11 Where to look for further information\r 416
12 References\r 416
Chapter 16 Integrated pest management in tomato cultivation\r 421
1 Introduction\r 421
2 Integrated pest management (IPM): overview\r 424
3 IPM techniques before the growing season\r 427
4 IPM techniques during the growing season\r 434
5 Technologies targeting pests that can be used before and during the growing season 437
6 IPM techniques after the growing season\r 439
7 Diagnostics and monitoring for diseases\r 441
8 Conclusion and future trends\r 444
9 Acknowledgement\r 445
10 References\r 446
Chapter 17 Developing disease-resistant tomato varieties\r 449
1 Introduction\r 449
2 Bacterial disease resistance breeding\r 451
3 Fungal disease resistance breeding\r 464
4 Virus disease resistance breeding\r 469
5 Nematode resistance breeding\r 472
6 Genetic engineering for developing disease-resistant tomatoes 474
7 Where to look for further information\r 476
8 Future trends and conclusion\r 476
9 References\r 477
Chapter 18 Integrated weed management in tomato cultivation\r 495
1 Introduction\r 495
2 Weed communities: the target\r 496
3 The effect of weed–crop interference\r 501
4 Integrated weed management (IWM)\r 502
5 Preventative measures and cultural control: crop rotation and cover crops 503
6 Cultural control: stale seedbed preparation, cultivar selection, planting, irrigation and fertilization 505
7 Decision making: weed competition thresholds\r 506
8 Direct weed control methods: mulches, solarization, thermal and mechanical methods and hand weeding 508
9 Chemical weed control\r 512
10 Case studies\r 513
11 Summary and future trends\r 516
12 Where to look for further information\r 518
13 References\r 519
Index 533