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Book Details
Abstract
Gain the working anatomic knowledge that is crucial to your understanding of the veterinary basic sciences with Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, 5th Edition. By focusing on the essential anatomy of each species, this well-established book details information directly applicable to the care of dogs, cats, horses, cows, pigs, sheep, goats, birds, and camelids — and points out similarities and differences among species. Each chapter includes a conceptual overview that describes the structure and function of an anatomic region, and new diagrams facilitate comprehension of bodily functions.
- Comprehensive coverage of a multitude of species (dogs, cats, birds, horses, cows, pigs, sheep, goats, and now camelids) provides comparative anatomic information all in one resource.
- Focuses on essential anatomy of each species, making this text ideal for any veterinary school curriculum that is covering the same amount of material in a reduced number of hours for course completion.
- Clinical cases throughout relate actual cases to the study of anatomy to increase your understanding of how patients will present in practice.
- Evolve site for students and instructors with a test bank, sample flash cards, and an image collection reinforces your understanding of veterinary anatomy — and helps you prepare for the NAVLE board exam.
- Content is logically organized into two main sections – a general introduction to mammalian anatomy and a region-specific breakdown – to make studying more efficient and ensure greater understanding.
- Flash cards and coloring book support the text and give you the opportunity to study anatomy in different ways to increase retention of what you have learned.
- NEW and EXPANDED! New and updated diagrams further illustrate the anatomic structure and function of each species to facilitate comprehension of bodily functions, presenting the closest thing possible to an actual "hands-on" clinical experience.
- EXPANDED! A 500-question Test Bank, designed for optimal NAVLE board exam preparation, lets you practice answering board-type questions.
- UPDATED! New information on the anatomy of camelids, a species that is gaining importance in farm animal practice, provides an overview of the camelid anatomy and highlights any major differences compared to other species.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Evolve | ES1 | ||
| Dyce, Sack and Wensing’sTextbook of VETERINARY ANATOMY | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Dedication | iii | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| About the Author | ix | ||
| Sources of Non-Original Illustrations | xi | ||
| Contents | xv | ||
| I -\rGeneral Anatomy | 1 | ||
| 1 - Some Basic Facts and Concepts | 1 | ||
| ?THE SCOPE OF ANATOMY | 1 | ||
| ?THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY | 1 | ||
| An Introduction to Regional Anatomy | 3 | ||
| Study of the Live Animal | 3 | ||
| Skin | 7 | ||
| Fascia and Fat | 8 | ||
| Bones | 11 | ||
| The Classification of Bones | 11 | ||
| The Organization of a Long Bone | 11 | ||
| Biomechanical Aspects | 14 | ||
| Some Specialized Varieties of Bones | 14 | ||
| Joints | 15 | ||
| Fibrous Joints | 15 | ||
| Cartilaginous Joints | 15 | ||
| Synovial Joints | 16 | ||
| Structure. In synovial joints the articulating bones are separated by a fluid-filled space, the joint cavity (Fig. 1.20). The bo... | 16 | ||
| Movements. Although many joint movements appear to be complicated, they can always be resolved into simple components. Moreover,... | 18 | ||
| Classification. Synovial joints may be classified according to numerical and geometrical criteria. The numerical system distingu... | 19 | ||
| Muscles | 19 | ||
| The Organization of Skeletal Muscles | 21 | ||
| Variations in Muscle Architecture. There is great variety in the way in which the muscle fibers are arranged within the muscle b... | 21 | ||
| Tendons. Muscles always attach by means of connective tissue tendons. Sometimes the tendons may be so short as to create the ill... | 22 | ||
| Blood and Nerve Supplies of Muscles. Muscles receive a relatively generous blood supply from neighboring arteries. Sometimes, a ... | 23 | ||
| Muscle Actions | 23 | ||
| Peripheral Blood Vessels | 24 | ||
| Arteries | 24 | ||
| Veins | 25 | ||
| Lymphatic Structures | 25 | ||
| Lymphatic Vessels | 26 | ||
| Lymph Nodes | 26 | ||
| Peripheral Nerves | 27 | ||
| 2 - The Locomotor Apparatus | 29 | ||
| ?THE TRUNK | 29 | ||
| Basic Plan and Development | 29 | ||
| The Skeleton and Joints of the Trunk | 31 | ||
| The Vertebral Column | 31 | ||
| The Joints of the Vertebral Column | 36 | ||
| The Ribs and Sternum | 38 | ||
| The Joints of the Thoracic Wall | 39 | ||
| The Pelvic Girdle | 40 | ||
| The Joints and Ligaments of the Pelvic Girdle | 41 | ||
| The Muscles of the Trunk | 42 | ||
| The Cutaneous Muscle of the Trunk | 42 | ||
| The Muscles of the Vertebral Column | 42 | ||
| The Epaxial Muscles. Although numerous and complicated, the epaxial muscles fortunately do not require detailed description beca... | 43 | ||
| The Hypaxial Muscles. The hypaxial muscles are flexor muscles of the neck or tail. The longus colli (Fig. 2.24/9) runs from the ... | 44 | ||
| The Muscles of the Thoracic Wall | 45 | ||
| Functional Considerations. The form and construction of the thorax represent a compromise between the requirements of posture an... | 46 | ||
| The Muscles of the Abdominal Wall | 47 | ||
| The Ventrolateral Group. The intrinsic musculature of the flank comprises three broad fleshy sheets superimposed on each other w... | 47 | ||
| Functional Considerations. Observation and palpation suggest that animals standing quietly make little active use of the abdomin... | 49 | ||
| The Sublumbar Muscles. The psoas minor (Fig. 2.24/10) arises from the bodies of the thoracolumbar vertebrae and inserts on the p... | 49 | ||
| The Muscles of the Pelvic Outlet | 49 | ||
| ?THE HEAD AND VENTRAL PART OF THE NECK | 50 | ||
| Basic Plan and Development | 50 | ||
| The Skull | 51 | ||
| The Skull of the Dog | 51 | ||
| Some Comparative Features of the Skull | 57 | ||
| The Joints of the Head | 60 | ||
| The Muscles of the Head and Ventral Part of the Neck | 60 | ||
| The Trigeminal Musculature | 60 | ||
| The Facial Musculature | 61 | ||
| The Superficial Division. The muscles of the superficial division are conjectured to have their source in an ancestral deep sphi... | 61 | ||
| The Deep Division. The muscles attaching to the hyoid apparatus are a rather heterogeneous assemblage. Although certain small un... | 62 | ||
| The Muscles of the Pharynx and Soft Palate | 62 | ||
| The Muscles of the Larynx | 62 | ||
| The External Muscles of the Eyeball | 62 | ||
| The Muscles of the Tongue | 62 | ||
| The Muscles of the Ventral Part of the Neck | 62 | ||
| ?THE LIMBS | 64 | ||
| Basic Plan and Development | 64 | ||
| The Skeleton of the Forelimb | 67 | ||
| Pectoral Girdle | 67 | ||
| Skeleton of the Free Appendage | 69 | ||
| The Joints of the Forelimb | 73 | ||
| The Muscles of the Forelimb | 75 | ||
| Girdle Muscles | 75 | ||
| The Superficial Layer. The superficial layer of girdle muscles consists of a cranial group (trapezius, omotransversarius, and br... | 75 | ||
| The Deep Layer. The deep layer of girdle muscles comprises the rhomboideus dorsally, the serratus ventralis medially, and the pe... | 76 | ||
| Intrinsic Muscles of the Forelimb | 77 | ||
| Muscles Acting Primarily on the Shoulder Joint. The muscles acting on the shoulder joint are arranged in lateral, medial, and ca... | 77 | ||
| Muscles Acting Primarily on the Elbow Joint. There are extensor and flexor groups for the elbow joint. The extensor group, which... | 77 | ||
| Pronator and Supinator Muscles of the Forearm. Generalized mammals possess forearm muscles that have supination or pronation as ... | 78 | ||
| Muscles Acting Primarily on the Carpal and Digital Joints. Muscles that act primarily on the carpal and digital joints are simpl... | 79 | ||
| The Extensor Muscles of the Carpus and Digits. Extensor muscles of the carpus and digits include digital extensor muscles in add... | 79 | ||
| The Flexor Muscles of the Carpus and Digits. The carpal flexor group includes digital flexor muscles in addition to muscles that... | 80 | ||
| Short Digital Muscles. Interosseous muscles support the metacarpophalangeal joints. They show marked species differences in numb... | 80 | ||
| The Skeleton of the Hindlimb | 80 | ||
| Pelvic Girdle | 80 | ||
| Skeleton of the Free Appendage | 80 | ||
| The Joints of the Hindlimb | 83 | ||
| The Muscles of the Hindlimb | 85 | ||
| The Intrinsic Muscles of the Hindlimb | 85 | ||
| Muscles Acting Primarily on the Hip Joint. The muscles acting at the hip are arranged topographically in gluteal, medial, deep, ... | 85 | ||
| Muscles Acting Primarily on the Stifle Joint. There are extensor and flexor groups in the muscles acting on the stifle joint. Th... | 89 | ||
| Muscles Acting Primarily on the Tarsal and Digital Joints. The muscles acting on the tarsal and digital joints, which comprise e... | 89 | ||
| Craniolateral Muscles of the Leg. Some of the craniolateral group only flex the hock and others flex the hock and extend the dig... | 89 | ||
| Caudal Muscles of the Leg. The caudal muscles of the leg are the twin-bellied gastrocnemius, the soleus, and the superficial and... | 90 | ||
| 3 -\rThe Digestive Apparatus | 91 | ||
| ?THE MOUTH | 91 | ||
| The Tongue | 94 | ||
| The Salivary Glands | 96 | ||
| ?THE MASTICATORY APPARATUS | 98 | ||
| Dentition | 98 | ||
| The Articulations of the Jaws | 104 | ||
| ?THE MUSCLES OF MASTICATION AND THEIR ACTIONS | 105 | ||
| ?THE PHARYNX AND SOFT PALATE | 106 | ||
| ?THE ESOPHAGUS | 110 | ||
| ?DEGLUTITION | 111 | ||
| ?THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY | 112 | ||
| Peritoneal Structures | 112 | ||
| Visceral Topography | 113 | ||
| ?THE STOMACH | 115 | ||
| ?THE INTESTINE | 119 | ||
| ?THE SMALL INTESTINE | 119 | ||
| The Large Intestine | 122 | ||
| ?THE LIVER | 125 | ||
| ?THE PANCREAS | 129 | ||
| ?THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS | 131 | ||
| The Mouth | 131 | ||
| The Pharynx | 134 | ||
| The Caudal Part of the Foregut | 134 | ||
| The Liver and Pancreas | 135 | ||
| ?THE MIDGUT | 136 | ||
| The Hindgut | 136 | ||
| 4 - The Respiratory Apparatus | 139 | ||
| ?THE NOSE | 139 | ||
| ?THE LARYNX | 142 | ||
| The Cartilages | 142 | ||
| The Articulations, Ligaments, and Membranes | 144 | ||
| The Musculature | 144 | ||
| The Cavity of the Larynx | 145 | ||
| The Mechanism of the Larynx | 146 | ||
| ?THE TRACHEA | 147 | ||
| ?THE PLEURA | 148 | ||
| ?THE LUNGS | 149 | ||
| 5 - The Urogenital Apparatus | 157 | ||
| ?THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UROGENITAL APPARATUS | 157 | ||
| Development of the Urinary Organs | 157 | ||
| Development of the Female Reproductive Organs | 161 | ||
| The Process of Testicular Descent | 163 | ||
| ?THE URINARY ORGANS | 165 | ||
| The Kidneys | 165 | ||
| The Renal Pelvis and Ureter | 170 | ||
| The Urinary Bladder | 171 | ||
| The Female Urethra | 173 | ||
| ?THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS | 173 | ||
| The Testes and Their Adnexa | 173 | ||
| The Testis | 173 | ||
| The Epididymis | 176 | ||
| The Deferent Duct | 176 | ||
| The Vaginal Tunic and Spermatic Cord | 177 | ||
| The Scrotum | 178 | ||
| Testicular Function | 179 | ||
| The Pelvic Reproductive Organs | 180 | ||
| The Male Urethra | 180 | ||
| The Accessory Reproductive Glands | 180 | ||
| The Penis and Prepuce | 182 | ||
| Sperm Transport in the Male Tract: Erection of the Penis | 183 | ||
| ?THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS | 184 | ||
| The Ovaries | 185 | ||
| The Uterine Tubes | 185 | ||
| The Uterus | 186 | ||
| The Vagina | 187 | ||
| The Vestibule and Vulva | 189 | ||
| The Adnexa | 189 | ||
| Age and Functional Changes to the Female Tract | 192 | ||
| Age and Cyclic Changes | 192 | ||
| The Course of Pregnancy | 194 | ||
| Fetal Membranes and Placentation | 195 | ||
| Parturition and the Puerperal Period: The Neonate | 200 | ||
| 6 - The Endocrine Glands | 203 | ||
| ?THE HYPOPHYSIS | 203 | ||
| ?THE EPIPHYSIS | 205 | ||
| ?THE THYROID GLAND | 206 | ||
| ?THE PARATHYROID GLANDS | 207 | ||
| ?THE ADRENAL GLANDS | 207 | ||
| 7 -\rThe Cardiovascular System | 210 | ||
| ?THE PERICARDIUM AND THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE HEART | 211 | ||
| General Anatomy of the Heart | 213 | ||
| The Right Atrium | 213 | ||
| The Left Atrium | 214 | ||
| The Right Ventricle | 214 | ||
| The Left Ventricle | 216 | ||
| The Structure of the Heart | 216 | ||
| Cardiac Vessels and Nerves | 218 | ||
| Functional Anatomy | 219 | ||
| The Development of the Heart | 220 | ||
| ?THE BLOOD VESSELS | 224 | ||
| The Arteries | 224 | ||
| The Capillaries and Sinusoids | 225 | ||
| The Veins | 226 | ||
| Arteriovenous Anastomoses | 226 | ||
| Erectile Tissue | 226 | ||
| Vascularization and Innervation of the Vessel Wall | 227 | ||
| Patterns of Arterial Distribution | 227 | ||
| Collateral Circulation | 228 | ||
| ?SYSTEMATIC ANGIOLOGY | 229 | ||
| The Pulmonary Circulation | 229 | ||
| The Pulmonary Arteries | 229 | ||
| The Pulmonary Veins | 229 | ||
| The Systemic Circulation | 229 | ||
| The Systemic Arteries | 229 | ||
| The Aortic Arch. The origin of the aorta is similar to that of the pulmonary trunk but is from the left ventricle. The initial p... | 229 | ||
| The Axillary Artery. The axillary artery (Fig. 7.39/1), the magistral trunk of the forelimb, crosses the axilla to continue dist... | 231 | ||
| The Common Carotid Artery. The common carotid arteries arise separately in the dog (Fig. 7.37/8) and by a short common (bicaroti... | 232 | ||
| The Abdominal Aorta. The abdominal aorta follows the roof of the abdomen, related to the caudal vena cava on its right and the p... | 234 | ||
| The External Iliac Artery. The principal artery of the hindlimb, the external iliac artery arises close to the termination of th... | 234 | ||
| The Internal Iliac Artery. The internal iliac artery supplies the pelvic viscera and walls, including the overlying muscles of t... | 236 | ||
| The Systemic Veins | 237 | ||
| The Cranial Vena Cava. The cranial vena cava is formed close to the entrance to the chest by the union of the external jugular a... | 237 | ||
| The Caudal Vena Cava. The caudal vena cava is formed on the roof of the abdomen, near the pelvic inlet, by the union of the righ... | 237 | ||
| ?THE CIRCULATION IN THE FETUS AND THE CHANGES AFTER BIRTH | 239 | ||
| ?THE ORGANIZATION OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM | 241 | ||
| ?THE TOPOGRAPHY OF LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE | 242 | ||
| The Lymph Nodes of the Head | 245 | ||
| The Lymph Nodes of the Neck | 245 | ||
| The Tracheal Duct | 245 | ||
| The Lymph Nodes of the Forelimb | 245 | ||
| The Lymph Nodes of the Thorax | 245 | ||
| The Thoracic Duct | 247 | ||
| The Lymph Nodes of the Abdominal Viscera and Loins | 247 | ||
| The Lymph Nodes of the Hindlimb, Pelvis, and Abdominal Wall | 249 | ||
| The Lumbar Trunks | 249 | ||
| ?THE SPLEEN | 249 | ||
| ?THE THYMUS | 250 | ||
| 8 - THE NERVOUS SYSTEM | 252 | ||
| ?INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS | 252 | ||
| ?THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM | 252 | ||
| Stimulus-Response Function of the Nervous System | 257 | ||
| ?GENERAL MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 258 | ||
| Introductory Survey | 258 | ||
| Development | 259 | ||
| ?DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 263 | ||
| The Spinal Cord | 263 | ||
| The Hindbrain | 265 | ||
| The Medulla Oblongata and Pons | 265 | ||
| The Nuclei of the Cranial Nerves | 267 | ||
| Other Internal Features | 269 | ||
| The Cerebellum | 270 | ||
| ?THE MIDBRAIN | 273 | ||
| The Forebrain | 274 | ||
| The Diencephalon | 274 | ||
| The Telencephalon (Cerebrum) | 276 | ||
| The Paleopallium | 276 | ||
| The Basal Nuclei | 277 | ||
| The Neopallium | 277 | ||
| The Archipallium | 278 | ||
| ?THE FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 279 | ||
| Processing of Somatic Afferent Information | 279 | ||
| The Lemniscal System | 280 | ||
| The Extralemniscal System | 282 | ||
| Subconscious Proprioceptive Pathways | 283 | ||
| The Reticular Formation | 284 | ||
| Special Somatic Afferent Pathways | 284 | ||
| The Visual Pathways | 284 | ||
| Vestibular Pathways | 285 | ||
| Auditory Pathways | 285 | ||
| Somatic Motor Pathways | 286 | ||
| The Pyramidal System | 288 | ||
| The Extrapyramidal System | 288 | ||
| Cerebellar Function | 290 | ||
| ?THE VISCERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 290 | ||
| The Hypothalamus | 290 | ||
| The Hypophysis | 291 | ||
| Visceral Afferent Pathways | 291 | ||
| Visceral Efferent Pathways | 292 | ||
| The Limbic System | 292 | ||
| ?THE TOPOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, AND VASCULARIZATION OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD | 293 | ||
| Topography | 293 | ||
| The Meninges and Fluid Environment | 295 | ||
| The Arterial Blood Supply | 298 | ||
| The Venous Drainage | 300 | ||
| ?THE CRANIAL NERVES | 301 | ||
| ?THE OLFACTORY NERVE (I) | 301 | ||
| The Optic Nerve (II) | 302 | ||
| The Oculomotor Nerve (III) | 302 | ||
| The Trochlear Nerve (IV) | 302 | ||
| The Trigeminal Nerve (V) | 302 | ||
| The Abducent Nerve (VI) | 304 | ||
| The Facial Nerve (VII) | 304 | ||
| The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII) | 306 | ||
| The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) | 306 | ||
| The Vagus Nerve (X) | 306 | ||
| The Accessory Nerve (XI) | 308 | ||
| The Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) | 308 | ||
| ?THE SPINAL NERVES | 308 | ||
| The Dorsal Rami | 308 | ||
| The Ventral Rami | 308 | ||
| The Cervical Ventral Rami | 308 | ||
| The Brachial Plexus | 309 | ||
| The Thoracic Ventral Rami | 311 | ||
| The Lumbar Ventral Rami | 311 | ||
| The Lumbosacral Plexus | 311 | ||
| The Sacral and Caudal Ventral Rami | 313 | ||
| ?THE PERIPHERAL AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | 313 | ||
| The Parasympathetic System | 314 | ||
| The Sympathetic System | 315 | ||
| Summary of Autonomic Innervation | 317 | ||
| 9 - THE SENSE ORGANS | 318 | ||
| ?THE EYE | 318 | ||
| ?THE EYEBALL | 318 | ||
| The Fibrous Tunic | 318 | ||
| The Sense Organs | 318 | ||
| The Vascular Tunic | 320 | ||
| The Internal Tunic | 322 | ||
| The Refractive Media of the Eyeball | 324 | ||
| Accommodation. As previously mentioned, the elastic capsule of the lens would squeeze the relatively soft cortex of the lens int... | 325 | ||
| The Adnexa of the Eye | 325 | ||
| The Orbital Fascia | 325 | ||
| The Muscles of the Eyeball | 327 | ||
| The Eyelids and Conjunctiva | 328 | ||
| The Lacrimal Apparatus | 329 | ||
| The Blood Supply of the Eye | 329 | ||
| The Nerve Supply of the Eye | 330 | ||
| ?THE EAR | 331 | ||
| The External Ear | 331 | ||
| The Middle Ear | 332 | ||
| Auditory Ossicles | 334 | ||
| Auditory Tube | 334 | ||
| The Internal Ear | 335 | ||
| ?THE OLFACTORY ORGAN | 337 | ||
| ?THE GUSTATORY ORGAN | 338 | ||
| ?THE CUTANEOUS SENSE | 339 | ||
| ?PROPRIOCEPTION | 339 | ||
| ?ENTEROCEPTION | 340 | ||
| 10 - The Common Integument | 341 | ||
| ?THE STRUCTURE OF SKIN | 341 | ||
| ?HAIR | 343 | ||
| ?FOOTPADS | 347 | ||
| ?NAILS, CLAWS, AND HOOFS | 349 | ||
| HORNS | 352 | ||
| ?SKIN GLANDS | 353 | ||
| ?THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS | 353 | ||
| Circumoral Glands (Fig. 10.11) | 353 | ||
| Horn Glands (Fig. 10.23) | 353 | ||
| Glands of the Infraorbital Pouch (Fig. 10.24) | 353 | ||
| Carpal Glands (Fig. 10.25) | 354 | ||
| Glands of the Interdigital Pouch (Fig. 10.26) | 354 | ||
| Glands of the Inguinal Pouch (Fig. 10.27) | 354 | ||
| Preputial Glands (Fig. 35.11) | 355 | ||
| Tail Glands (Fig. 10.28) | 355 | ||
| Circumanal Glands (Fig. 10.29) | 355 | ||
| Glands of the Anal Sacs (Fig. 10.30) | 355 | ||
| The Sweat Glands | 356 | ||
| The Mammary Glands | 356 | ||
| II -\rDogs and Cats | 359 | ||
| 11 - The Head and Ventral Neck of the Dog and Cat | 359 | ||
| ?CONFORMATION AND EXTERNAL FEATURES | 359 | ||
| ?SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES | 361 | ||
| Masticatory Muscles | 361 | ||
| Skull | 361 | ||
| Salivary Glands and Lymph Nodes | 362 | ||
| Superficial Vessels | 362 | ||
| Superficial Nerves | 362 | ||
| ?THE NASAL PLATE, NASAL CAVITY, AND PARANASAL SINUSES | 362 | ||
| The External Nose | 362 | ||
| The Nasal Cavity | 362 | ||
| The Paranasal Sinuses | 365 | ||
| ?THE MOUTH | 367 | ||
| ?THE DENTITION | 369 | ||
| ?THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT | 372 | ||
| ?THE SALIVARY GLANDS | 373 | ||
| Parotid Gland | 373 | ||
| Zygomatic Gland | 373 | ||
| Mandibular Gland | 374 | ||
| Sublingual Gland | 374 | ||
| ?THE PHARYNX | 375 | ||
| ?DEGLUTITION | 375 | ||
| ?THE LARYNX | 376 | ||
| ?THE EYE AND ORBIT | 378 | ||
| ?THE EAR (SEE P. 331) | 381 | ||
| External Ear | 381 | ||
| Middle and Inner Ear | 383 | ||
| ?THE VENTRAL PART OF THE NECK | 385 | ||
| ?THE CONTENTS OF THE VISCERAL SPACE | 385 | ||
| ?THE LYMPHATIC STRUCTURES OF THE HEAD AND NECK | 388 | ||
| Parotid Lymph Node | 388 | ||
| Mandibular Lymph Node | 388 | ||
| Medial Retropharyngeal Lymph Node | 388 | ||
| Lateral Retropharyngeal Lymph Node | 389 | ||
| Tracheal Trunk | 389 | ||
| Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes | 389 | ||
| 12 - THE NECK, BACK, AND VERTEBRAL COLUMN OF THE DOG AND CAT | 390 | ||
| ?CONFORMATION AND SURFACE ANATOMY | 390 | ||
| ?THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SEE ALSO PP. 31–36) | 390 | ||
| Atlas | 393 | ||
| Axis | 393 | ||
| Third to Seventh Cervical Vertebrae | 394 | ||
| Thoracic Vertebrae | 394 | ||
| Lumbar Vertebrae | 394 | ||
| Sacral Vertebrae | 395 | ||
| Caudal Vertebrae | 395 | ||
| Intervertebral Disks | 395 | ||
| ?THE MUSCLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SEE ALSO PP. 42–44) | 398 | ||
| Epaxial Muscles | 398 | ||
| Cervical Hypaxial Muscles | 400 | ||
| Lumbar Hypaxial Muscles | 400 | ||
| Muscles Controlling Movements of the Head | 401 | ||
| ?CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS | 401 | ||
| 13 - The Thorax of the Dog and Cat | 403 | ||
| ?Conformation and Surface Anatomy | 403 | ||
| ?THE THORACIC WALL AND PLEURA (SEE ALSO PP. 38-39, 45-47, AND 148-149) | 403 | ||
| ?THE LUNGS (SEE ALSO PP. 149-156) | 407 | ||
| ?THE MEDIASTINUM (SEE ALSO PP. 150-151) | 408 | ||
| ?THE ESOPHAGUS, TRACHEA, AND THYMUS (SEE ALSO PP. 110-111, 147-148, AND 250-251) | 412 | ||
| ?THE GREAT VESSELS AND NERVES WITHIN THE THORAX (SEE ALSO PP. 229-230, 232, AND 314-315) | 416 | ||
| 14 - The Abdomen of the Dog and Cat | 418 | ||
| ?MAMMARY GLANDS | 418 | ||
| ?THE ABDOMINAL WALL (SEE ALSO PP. 47-49) | 419 | ||
| Blood Supply | 420 | ||
| ?GENERAL ASPECTS OF VISCERAL TOPOGRAPHY | 420 | ||
| ?THE SPLEEN | 422 | ||
| ?THE STOMACH | 425 | ||
| ?INTESTINES (SEE ALSO PP. 119–125) | 428 | ||
| ?THE LIVER | 431 | ||
| ?THE PANCREAS | 433 | ||
| ?THE ADRENAL GLANDS AND KIDNEYS | 434 | ||
| The Kidneys | 435 | ||
| The Major Vessels | 435 | ||
| ?LYMPHATIC STRUCTURES | 436 | ||
| 15 -\rThe Pelvis and Reproductive Organs of the Dog and Cat | 442 | ||
| ?GENERAL ANATOMY OF THE PELVIS AND PERINEUM (see also pp. 49-50) | 442 | ||
| ?THE RECTUM AND ANUS (SEE ALSO PP. 124 AND 125) | 443 | ||
| The Kidneys | 445 | ||
| The Bladder and Female Urethra (see also pp. 171-173) | 446 | ||
| ?THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS | 446 | ||
| The Ovaries and Uterine Tubes (see also pp. 184-186) | 446 | ||
| The Uterus (see also pp. 186-187) | 448 | ||
| The Vagina, Vestibule, and Vulva (see also pp. 187-189) | 449 | ||
| Functional Changes | 451 | ||
| ?THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS | 453 | ||
| The Scrotum and Testes (see also pp. 173-180) | 453 | ||
| The Urethra and Accessory Reproductive Glands (see also pp. 180-182) | 454 | ||
| The Penis and Prepuce (see also pp. 182-184) | 455 | ||
| Age and Functional Changes | 459 | ||
| ?THE ANATOMY OF ABDOMINAL AND RECTAL PALPATION | 462 | ||
| 16 - The Forelimb of the Dog and Cat | 464 | ||
| ?THE SHOULDER REGION AND UPPER ARM (SEE ALSO PP. 68–70 AND 73–75) | 464 | ||
| ?THE ELBOW AND FOREARM (SEE ALSO PP. 70-71, 74, AND 78-80) | 467 | ||
| ?THE CARPUS AND FOREPAW (SEE ALSO PP. 71–75 AND 80) | 472 | ||
| ?THE MAJOR NERVES OF THE FORELIMB | 476 | ||
| 17 - The Hindlimb of the Dog and Cat | 481 | ||
| ?THE CROUP, HIP, AND THIGH (SEE ALSO PP. 83, 85–87, AND 89.) | 481 | ||
| ?THE STIFLE JOINT AND LEG (SEE ALSO PP. 83–85 AND 89–90.) | 485 | ||
| ?THE HOCK AND HINDPAW (SEE ALSOPP. 85, 89–90.) | 488 | ||
| ?THE MAJOR NERVES OF THE HINDLIMB | 489 | ||
| III -\rHorses | 492 | ||
| 18 -\rThe Head and Ventral Neck of the Horse | 492 | ||
| ?CONFORMATION AND EXTERNALFEATURES | 492 | ||
| Superficial Vessels | 496 | ||
| Superficial Nerves | 497 | ||
| The Paranasal Sinuses | 498 | ||
| ?THE MOUTH | 501 | ||
| The Estimation of Age From the Teeth | 506 | ||
| The Muscles of Masticationand the Temporomandibular J | 506 | ||
| ?THE SALIVARY GLANDS | 508 | ||
| The Guttural Pouch | 511 | ||
| Clinical Conditions of Guttural Pouch | 512 | ||
| ?THE LARYNX | 513 | ||
| ?THE EYE | 516 | ||
| ?THE VENTRAL PART OF THE NECK | 517 | ||
| ?THE LYMPHATIC STRUCTURESOF THE HEAD AND NECK | 521 | ||
| 19 - THE NECK, BACK, AND VERTEBRAL COLUMN OF THE HORSE | 522 | ||
| ?CONFORMATION AND SURFACE FEATURES | 522 | ||
| ?THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN | 522 | ||
| ?THE VERTEBRAL CANAL | 524 | ||
| 20 - The Thorax of the Horse | 527 | ||
| ?THE THORACIC WALL | 527 | ||
| ?THE PLEURAL CAVITIES | 529 | ||
| ?THE LUNGS | 529 | ||
| ?THE MEDIASTINUM | 531 | ||
| ?THE HEART | 531 | ||
| 21 - The Abdomen of the Horse | 535 | ||
| ?CONFORMATION AND SURFACE ANATOMY | 535 | ||
| ?THE VENTROLATERALABDOMINAL WALL | 535 | ||
| Structure | 535 | ||
| The Inguinal Canal | 538 | ||
| Innervation and Vascularization | 540 | ||
| ?GENERAL ASPECTS OF ABDOMINAL TOPOGRAPHY | 540 | ||
| ?THE SPLEEN | 540 | ||
| ?THE STOMACH | 540 | ||
| ?THE INTESTINES | 542 | ||
| The Small Intestine | 542 | ||
| The Large Intestine | 543 | ||
| The Cecum | 543 | ||
| The Colon | 545 | ||
| ?THE LIVER | 549 | ||
| ?THE PANCREAS | 549 | ||
| ?THE ROOF OF THE ABDOMEN | 551 | ||
| 22 - The Pelvis and Reproductive Organs of the Horse | 552 | ||
| ?GENERAL ANATOMY OF THE PELVIS AND PERINEUM | 552 | ||
| Innervation, Vascularization, and Lymph Drainage of the Pelvic Wa | 552 | ||
| ?THE RECTUM AND ANAL CANAL | 553 | ||
| ?THE BLADDER AND FEMALE URETHRA | 555 | ||
| ?THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS | 556 | ||
| The Ovaries | 557 | ||
| The Uterine Tubes | 558 | ||
| The Uterus | 559 | ||
| The Vagina | 561 | ||
| The Vestibule and Vulva | 561 | ||
| Vascularization and Innervation | 562 | ||
| The Reproductive Tract During Pregnancy | 563 | ||
| Placentation and Prenatal Development | 565 | ||
| The Pelvic Reproductive Organs | 567 | ||
| The Penis and Prepuce | 569 | ||
| Erection | 570 | ||
| ?THE ANATOMY OF RECTAL EXPLORATIO | 570 | ||
| ?THE UDDER | 572 | ||
| 23\r- The Forelimb of the Horse | 574 | ||
| ?THE GIRDLE MUSCLES | 574 | ||
| ?THE SHOULDER REGION AND UPPER ARM | 576 | ||
| The Flexor Muscles | 580 | ||
| The Extensor Muscles | 581 | ||
| The Flexor Group | 588 | ||
| ?THE DISTAL PART OF THE LIMB | 588 | ||
| The Skeleton and Joints | 588 | ||
| The Hoof | 597 | ||
| ?THE PASSIVE STAY APPARATUS | 602 | ||
| Innervation of the Forefoot | 610 | ||
| 24 - THE HINDLIMB OF THE HORSE | 612 | ||
| ?CONFORMATION OF THE CROUP | 612 | ||
| ?THE HIP JOINT | 612 | ||
| ?THE MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND THIGH | 612 | ||
| The Gluteal Muscles | 612 | ||
| The Caudal (Hamstring) Muscles | 614 | ||
| The Medial Muscles | 615 | ||
| The Cranial Muscles | 616 | ||
| ?THE STIFLE JOINT | 616 | ||
| ?THE MUSCLES OF THE LEG | 621 | ||
| The Craniolateral Muscles | 621 | ||
| The Caudal Muscles | 623 | ||
| ?THE PASSIVE STAY APPARATUS | 625 | ||
| ?VASCULARIZATION OF THE HINDLIMB | 627 | ||
| ?THE NERVES OF THE HINDLIMB | 628 | ||
| IV -\rRuminants | 632 | ||
| 25 - The Head and Ventral Neck of the Ruminant | 632 | ||
| ?ONFORMATION AND EXTERNAL FEATURES | 632 | ||
| Conformation and External Features in Cattle | 632 | ||
| Conformation and External Features in Sheep and Goats | 634 | ||
| ?SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES | 635 | ||
| ?THE MOUTH | 640 | ||
| ?THE SALIVARY GLANDS | 643 | ||
| ?THE PHARYNX | 644 | ||
| ?THE LARYNX | 645 | ||
| ?THE EYE | 645 | ||
| ?THE VENTRAL PART OF THE NECK | 646 | ||
| ?THE LYMPHATIC STRUCTURES OF THE HEAD AND NECK | 649 | ||
| 26 - The Neck, Back, and Tail of the Ruminant | 652 | ||
| ?CONFORMATION AND SURFACEFEATURES | 652 | ||
| ?THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN | 652 | ||
| ?THE VERTEBRAL CANAL | 655 | ||
| ?THE VESSELS OF THE TAIL | 656 | ||
| 27 - THE THORAX OF THE RUMINANT | 658 | ||
| ?THE PLEURA AND THE LUNGS | 658 | ||
| ?THE MEDIASTINUM AND ITS CONTENTS | 659 | ||
| The Heart | 660 | ||
| The Esophagus, Trachea, Thymus,and Vagus Nerves | 662 | ||
| ?THE LYMPHATIC STRUCTURES WITHIN THE THORAX | 663 | ||
| 28 - The Abdomen of the Ruminant | 664 | ||
| ?CONFORMATION AND SURFACE ANATOMY | 664 | ||
| ?THE VENTROLATERAL WALLOF THE ABDOMEN | 664 | ||
| Structure | 664 | ||
| Innervation and Vascularization | 665 | ||
| ?THE SPLEEN | 667 | ||
| ?THE STOMACH | 667 | ||
| The Rumen and Reticulum | 670 | ||
| The Omasum | 675 | ||
| The Abomasum | 676 | ||
| The Omenta | 678 | ||
| Innervation and Vascularization | 679 | ||
| Postnatal Development | 680 | ||
| ?THE INTESTINES | 681 | ||
| ?THE LIVER | 683 | ||
| ?THE PANCREAS | 684 | ||
| ?THE KIDNEYS AND ADRENAL GLANDS | 684 | ||
| 29 -\rThe Pelvis and Reproductive Organs of the Ruminant | 686 | ||
| ?THE PELVIC CAVITY | 686 | ||
| ?THE RECTUM AND ANUS | 689 | ||
| ?THE BLADDER AND URETHRA | 689 | ||
| ?THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS | 690 | ||
| The Ovary and Uterine Tube | 690 | ||
| The Uterus | 692 | ||
| The Vagina | 692 | ||
| The Vestibule and Vulva | 693 | ||
| Vascularization | 694 | ||
| Growth and Cyclical Changes | 696 | ||
| Gestation and Parturition | 697 | ||
| Some Aspects of Development | 700 | ||
| The Pelvic Reproductive Organs | 703 | ||
| The Penis and Prepuce | 704 | ||
| Growth and Functional Changes | 705 | ||
| ?THE UDDER | 708 | ||
| 30 - The Forelimb of the Ruminant | 715 | ||
| ?THE SHOULDER AND THE ARM | 715 | ||
| ?THE ELBOW, FOREARM, AND CARPUS | 715 | ||
| ?THE DISTAL PART OF THE LIMB | 717 | ||
| The Skeleton and Joints | 717 | ||
| The Tendons | 719 | ||
| ?THE HOOVES | 722 | ||
| ?THE NERVES OF THE FORELIMB | 725 | ||
| 31 - The Hindlimb of the Ruminant | 729 | ||
| ?THE STIFLE, LEG, AND HOCK | 730 | ||
| ?THE BLOOD VESSELS AND LYMPHATIC STRUCTURES OF THE HINDLIMB | 734 | ||
| ?THE NERVES OF THE HINDLIMB | 736 | ||
| V -\rPigs | 739 | ||
| 32 - The Head and Ventral Neck of the Pig | 739 | ||
| ?CONFORMATION AND SUPERFICIAL FEATURES | 739 | ||
| ?THE NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUSES | 741 | ||
| ?THE MOUTH AND DENTITION | 741 | ||
| ?THE PHARYNX | 744 | ||
| ?THE LARYNX | 745 | ||
| ?THE VENTRAL ASPECT OF THE NECK | 745 | ||
| ?THE LYMPHATIC STRUCTURESOF THE HEAD AND NECK | 746 | ||
| 33 - THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN, BACK, AND THORAX OF THE PIG | 748 | ||
| ?THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND BACK | 748 | ||
| ?THE THORAX | 748 | ||
| ?THE LYMPHATIC STRUCTURESOF THE THORAX | 749 | ||
| 34 - THE ABDOMEN OF THE PIG | 752 | ||
| ?THE MAMMARY GLANDS | 752 | ||
| THE ABDOMINAL WALL | 752 | ||
| ?THE ABDOMINAL ORGANS (FIGS. 34.4, 34.5, 34.6) | 753 | ||
| The Spleen | 753 | ||
| The Stomach | 753 | ||
| The Small Intestine | 755 | ||
| The Large Intestine | 755 | ||
| The Liver | 756 | ||
| The Pancreas | 756 | ||
| The Kidneys | 756 | ||
| ?THE LYMPHATIC STRUCTURESOF THE ABDOMEN | 758 | ||
| 35 - The Pelvis and Reproductive Organs of the Pig | 761 | ||
| ?THE RECTUM AND ANUS | 761 | ||
| ?THE BLADDER AND FEMALE URETHRA | 761 | ||
| ?THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS | 761 | ||
| The Ovary and Uterine Tube | 761 | ||
| The Uterus | 761 | ||
| The Vagina, Vestibule, and Vulva | 762 | ||
| Functional Aspects | 762 | ||
| The Pelvic Reproductive Organs | 765 | ||
| The Penis and Prepuce | 765 | ||
| Functional Aspects | 765 | ||
| ?THE ANATOMY OF RECTAL EXPLORATION | 767 | ||
| 36 - THE LIMBS OF THE PIG | 768 | ||
| ?THE FORELIMB | 768 | ||
| The Shoulder Joint | 768 | ||
| The Elbow Joint | 768 | ||
| The Carpal Joint | 768 | ||
| ?THE HINDLIMB | 768 | ||
| The Hip Joint | 769 | ||
| The Stifle Joint | 769 | ||
| The Hock Joint | 770 | ||
| VI -\rBirds and Camelids | 771 | ||
| 37 - The Anatomy of Birds | 771 | ||
| ?External Features and Integument | 771 | ||
| The Feathers | 774 | ||
| ?THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM | 776 | ||
| The Skull | 776 | ||
| The Axial Skeleton | 777 | ||
| The Appendicular Skeleton | 778 | ||
| The Forelimb | 778 | ||
| The Hindlimb | 779 | ||
| ?THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS | 780 | ||
| The Oropharynx | 780 | ||
| The Esophagus | 781 | ||
| The Stomach | 781 | ||
| The Intestines | 783 | ||
| The Cloaca | 784 | ||
| The Liver and Pancreas | 784 | ||
| The Spleen | 785 | ||
| ?THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | 785 | ||
| The Nasal Cavity | 786 | ||
| The Larynx, Trachea, and Syrinx | 786 | ||
| The Lungs | 787 | ||
| The Blood Vessels of the Kidneys | 791 | ||
| The Male Reproductive Organs | 791 | ||
| The Testis | 791 | ||
| The Cloaca and Phallus | 792 | ||
| The Female Reproductive Organs | 793 | ||
| The Ovary | 793 | ||
| The Oviduct | 793 | ||
| ?THE BODY CAVITY | 795 | ||
| ?THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS | 796 | ||
| The Arteries | 796 | ||
| The Veins | 796 | ||
| The Lymphatic Structures | 797 | ||
| ?The Nervous System and Sense Organs | 798 | ||
| The Brain and Spinal Cord | 798 | ||
| Some Peripheral Nerves | 798 | ||
| The Eye | 798 | ||
| The Ear | 799 | ||
| 38 - The Clinical Anatomy of Llamas and Alpacas | 800 | ||
| EXTERNAL FEATURES AND INTEGUMENT | 802 | ||
| SKULL | 803 | ||
| Oral Cavity | 805 | ||
| Ear | 808 | ||
| Upper Airway | 808 | ||
| Eye | 809 | ||
| NECK AND TRUNK | 811 | ||
| THORAX | 812 | ||
| ABDOMINAL TOPOGRAPHY | 813 | ||
| DIGESTIVE SYSTEM | 813 | ||
| URINARY SYSTEM | 816 | ||
| MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | 816 | ||
| FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | 818 | ||
| Placenta | 819 | ||
| PELVIC LIMB | 821 | ||
| THORACIC LIMB | 824 | ||
| FOOT | 827 | ||
| NERVOUS SYSTEM | 827 | ||
| LYMPHATIC SYSTEM | 829 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS CLINICAL NOTES | 829 | ||
| BEHAVIORAL CONSIDERATIONS | 830 | ||
| Index | 833 | ||
| A | 833 | ||
| B | 835 | ||
| C | 835 | ||
| D | 837 | ||
| E | 838 | ||
| F | 838 | ||
| G | 839 | ||
| H | 840 | ||
| I | 841 | ||
| J | 841 | ||
| K | 841 | ||
| L | 841 | ||
| M | 843 | ||
| N | 845 | ||
| O | 847 | ||
| P | 847 | ||
| Q | 849 | ||
| R | 849 | ||
| S | 850 | ||
| T | 851 | ||
| U | 852 | ||
| V | 853 | ||
| W | 854 | ||
| X | 854 | ||
| Y | 854 | ||
| Z | 854 |