Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
New edition of a title in the popular Midwifery Essentials series originally published in conjunction with The Practising Midwife journal. The series covers core topics in midwifery education in an engaging and friendly format using a helpful ‘jigsaw’ approach which encourages readers to explore topics from a variety of perspectives e.g. effective communication, team working and health promotion. Helpful ‘scenarios’ throughout each volume encourage debate and reflection, core elements of midwifery education.
- Fully updated to provide a useful, friendly source of information
- Strong focus on contemporary women-centred care
- Designed to stimulate debate and reflection upon current practice, local policies and procedures
- Scenarios enable practitioners to understand the context of maternity care and explore their role in safe and effective service provision
- Helpful ‘jigsaw’ approach enables readers to explore specific topics from a variety of perspectives e.g. consent, safety and health promotion
- Explains the professional and legal issues surrounding clinical procedures
- Chapters designed to be read as a ‘standalone’ or in succession
- Emphasises the crucial role of effective communication
- Makes reference to the latest national and international guidelines
- Contains new scenarios to reflect recent changes in practice
- Improved layout aids retention and learning
- Fully updated throughout with the latest evidence base for clinical skills and procedures
- Embraces the principles of ‘Better Births’
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Midwifery Essentials: Labour | i | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Table Of Contents | v | ||
| Preface | vi | ||
| Acknowledgements | viii | ||
| 1 Introduction | 1 | ||
| Midwifery care model | 1 | ||
| Woman-centred care | 2 | ||
| Using best evidence | 3 | ||
| Professional and legal | 3 | ||
| Team working | 4 | ||
| Effective communication | 5 | ||
| Clinical dexterity | 5 | ||
| Models of care | 6 | ||
| Safe environment | 7 | ||
| Promotes health | 7 | ||
| References | 8 | ||
| 2 Early assessment and admission in labour | 9 | ||
| Introduction | 9 | ||
| Home assessment | 10 | ||
| Communication by telephone | 10 | ||
| Step 1: Confirm name and hospital number | 11 | ||
| Step 2: Confirm address | 11 | ||
| Step 3: Confirm gestation and parity | 13 | ||
| Step 4: Assess recent pregnancy history | 13 | ||
| Step 5: Assess recent medical, social or psychiatric history | 13 | ||
| Step 6: Obtain history of reason for call | 13 | ||
| Step 7: Assess which coping strategies have been tried | 14 | ||
| Step 8: Outline the options available | 14 | ||
| Step 9a: If the woman decides to stay at home, inform her of when she should ring again | 14 | ||
| Step 9b: If a woman decides to come in, confirm transport arrangements and remind her to bring her maternity records | 15 | ||
| Step 10: Document advice given as per unit policy | 15 | ||
| Admission to the birth suite | 16 | ||
| Vaginal examination | 17 | ||
| With woman | 20 | ||
| Admission cardiotocography | 20 | ||
| Conclusion | 24 | ||
| Resources | 25 | ||
| References | 25 | ||
| 3 The first stage of labour | 27 | ||
| Introduction | 27 | ||
| Home from home? | 28 | ||
| Listening to women | 29 | ||
| Support during labour | 29 | ||
| The midwife | 30 | ||
| The birth companion | 30 | ||
| Multi-professional working | 31 | ||
| Maternal wellbeing | 32 | ||
| Nutrition | 32 | ||
| Bladder care | 33 | ||
| Skin integrity | 33 | ||
| Observations | 33 | ||
| Monitoring progress in labour | 34 | ||
| Assessment of vaginal loss | 35 | ||
| Amniotomy | 36 | ||
| Assessing fetal wellbeing | 37 | ||
| Fetal heart rate monitoring | 37 | ||
| Fetal movement | 38 | ||
| Record-keeping | 38 | ||
| Conclusion | 43 | ||
| Resources | 44 | ||
| References | 44 | ||
| 4 Non-pharmacological methods of coping with labour | 48 | ||
| Introduction | 48 | ||
| Why is labour painful? | 49 | ||
| Non-pharmacological methods | 50 | ||
| Role of the midwife | 51 | ||
| Parity | 51 | ||
| Labouring in water | 52 | ||
| Breathing techniques | 52 | ||
| Movement in labour | 53 | ||
| Disability | 54 | ||
| Complementary and alternative therapies | 54 | ||
| Self-hypnosis in labour | 55 | ||
| Massage | 55 | ||
| Aromatherapy | 56 | ||
| Acupuncture and acupressure | 56 | ||
| Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) | 56 | ||
| Record-keeping | 57 | ||
| Conclusion | 61 | ||
| Resources | 62 | ||
| References | 62 | ||
| 5 Labour and birth in a pool | 66 | ||
| Introduction | 66 | ||
| Antenatal preparation | 67 | ||
| Labour in water | 67 | ||
| Practical topics | 68 | ||
| Labour care | 69 | ||
| Care for birth | 71 | ||
| Third stage of labour care | 71 | ||
| Care of the baby after water birth | 72 | ||
| Emergency situations | 72 | ||
| Conclusion | 77 | ||
| Resources | 78 | ||
| References | 78 | ||
| 6 Pharmacological methods of pain relief | 80 | ||
| Introduction | 80 | ||
| Inhalational analgesia | 81 | ||
| Method of administration | 81 | ||
| Impact on the woman | 82 | ||
| Impact on the baby | 83 | ||
| Opioid analgesia | 83 | ||
| Opioids and controlled drugs | 83 | ||
| Midwives’ exemptions | 84 | ||
| Route of administration | 84 | ||
| Effect on the woman | 84 | ||
| Effect on the baby | 85 | ||
| Breastfeeding | 85 | ||
| Home birth | 86 | ||
| Epidural | 86 | ||
| Effect on the woman | 87 | ||
| Effect on the baby | 88 | ||
| Supporting the woman | 89 | ||
| Further scenarios | 94 | ||
| Conclusion | 95 | ||
| Resources | 95 | ||
| References | 96 | ||
| 7 Induced or accelerated labour | 99 | ||
| Introduction | 99 | ||
| Induction of labour | 99 | ||
| Reasons for inducing labour | 100 | ||
| Prolonged pregnancy | 100 | ||
| Pathology | 101 | ||
| Ruptured membranes | 101 | ||
| Mental health | 102 | ||
| Social | 102 | ||
| Contraindications to induction of labour | 102 | ||
| Impact of induction of labour | 103 | ||
| Methods of induction | 104 | ||
| Cervical priming | 104 | ||
| Interventions for cervical priming and induction of labour | 105 | ||
| Membrane sweep | 105 | ||
| Mechanical methods | 106 | ||
| Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) | 106 | ||
| Misoprostol and mifepristone | 106 | ||
| Midwifery care: first impressions | 107 | ||
| Admission procedure | 108 | ||
| Delayed induction | 108 | ||
| Monitoring the fetal heart rate | 109 | ||
| Administration of PGE2 (dinoprostone) | 109 | ||
| Oxytocin | 109 | ||
| Pain relief | 110 | ||
| Acceleration of labour | 111 | ||
| Further scenarios | 115 | ||
| Conclusion | 117 | ||
| Resources | 117 | ||
| References | 117 | ||
| 8 The second stage of labour | 120 | ||
| Introduction | 120 | ||
| Recognizing the second stage | 120 | ||
| Epidural and second-stage management | 121 | ||
| Care during the second stage | 121 | ||
| Passive second stage of labour | 121 | ||
| Active second stage of labour | 122 | ||
| Positions for the second stage | 122 | ||
| Directed or undirected pushing | 123 | ||
| Monitoring maternal and fetal wellbeing | 123 | ||
| Preparing for the birth | 124 | ||
| Minimizing perineal trauma | 125 | ||
| Woman-focused care | 126 | ||
| Perineal massage | 126 | ||
| Perineal compresses | 126 | ||
| Guarding the perineum | 126 | ||
| Episiotomy | 127 | ||
| Female genital mutilation | 130 | ||
| Obstetric anal sphincter injuries | 130 | ||
| Nuchal cord | 131 | ||
| Birth of the shoulders | 132 | ||
| Water birth | 132 | ||
| Delay in the second stage of labour | 134 | ||
| Instrumental birth | 134 | ||
| Midwife instrumental birth | 135 | ||
| With baby | 136 | ||
| Further scenarios | 140 | ||
| Conclusion | 141 | ||
| Resources | 142 | ||
| References | 142 | ||
| 9 The third stage of labour | 146 | ||
| Introduction | 146 | ||
| Definition: third stage of labour | 146 | ||
| Terminology | 146 | ||
| Active versus physiological care during third stage | 147 | ||
| Informed choice? | 148 | ||
| Baby’s blood volume | 149 | ||
| Active management | 150 | ||
| Drugs used for active management | 150 | ||
| Controlled cord traction | 151 | ||
| Placental drainage | 152 | ||
| Actively delivering the placenta and membranes | 152 | ||
| Physiological management | 152 | ||
| Maternal effort | 153 | ||
| Delivering the placenta after caesarean birth | 153 | ||
| Cutting the cord | 154 | ||
| Examination of the genital tract after the birth | 155 | ||
| Post-birth observations | 155 | ||
| Clinical observation | 155 | ||
| Examination of the placenta | 156 | ||
| Estimating blood loss | 158 | ||
| Variations on a theme | 158 | ||
| Prolonged third stage | 159 | ||
| Interventions used to help expel the placenta | 159 | ||
| Breastfeeding | 159 | ||
| Maternal position | 160 | ||
| Empty the bladder | 160 | ||
| Retained placenta | 160 | ||
| Disposal of the placenta | 161 | ||
| Documentation | 161 | ||
| Further scenarios | 164 | ||
| Conclusion | 166 | ||
| Resources | 166 | ||
| References | 166 | ||
| 10 Caesarean birth | 169 | ||
| Introduction | 169 | ||
| Terminology | 169 | ||
| Promoting normality | 170 | ||
| Risk factors for caesarean birth | 171 | ||
| Age | 171 | ||
| Ethnicity | 171 | ||
| Previous caesarean birth | 171 | ||
| Socio-economic status | 172 | ||
| Maternal request | 172 | ||
| Summary of indications for caesarean birth | 173 | ||
| Emergency caesarean section | 173 | ||
| Elective caesarean section | 173 | ||
| Pre-operative assessment | 173 | ||
| Midwifery care | 174 | ||
| Personalized care | 174 | ||
| Preparation for theatre | 175 | ||
| In theatre | 176 | ||
| Anaesthesia for birth | 176 | ||
| The birth | 176 | ||
| Before the incision | 176 | ||
| Incision | 178 | ||
| Facilitating the birth | 178 | ||
| Closure | 179 | ||
| Further scenarios | 183 | ||
| Conclusion | 184 | ||
| Resources | 184 | ||
| References | 184 | ||
| 11 Perineal repair | 188 | ||
| Introduction | 188 | ||
| Classification of perineal and genital trauma | 188 | ||
| Gaining and maintaining competence | 189 | ||
| Inspection of the perineum | 190 | ||
| To suture or not? | 191 | ||
| Procedure for perineal repair | 191 | ||
| Position for perineal repair | 192 | ||
| Anaesthesia for perineal repair | 195 | ||
| Which suture material? | 196 | ||
| Assisting during perineal suturing | 196 | ||
| Suture technique | 197 | ||
| Analgesia after perineal repair | 197 | ||
| Further scenarios | 202 | ||
| Conclusion | 203 | ||
| Resources | 203 | ||
| References | 204 | ||
| Index | 206 | ||
| A | 206 | ||
| B | 206 | ||
| C | 207 | ||
| D | 209 | ||
| E | 209 | ||
| F | 210 | ||
| G | 210 | ||
| H | 210 | ||
| I | 211 | ||
| J | 211 | ||
| L | 211 | ||
| M | 212 | ||
| N | 212 | ||
| O | 213 | ||
| P | 213 | ||
| R | 214 | ||
| S | 214 | ||
| T | 215 | ||
| U | 215 | ||
| V | 215 | ||
| W | 216 |