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Young People, Citizenship and Political Participation

Young People, Citizenship and Political Participation

Mark Chou | Jean-Paul Gagnon | Catherine Hartung | Lesley J. Pruitt

(2017)

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Abstract

Prominent studies and opinion polls often claim to show that young people distrust politicians, they are disengaged from political institutions, and are disillusioned about democracy. But academic work conversely shows that young people are engaging with politics, merely in new and innovative ways.

Young People, Citizenship and Political Participation responds to the gap between the claims of these findings. It explores whether, and how, young people work with and against contemporary politics - at institutional and grassroots levels. It also examines the role of civics education in addressing this so-called crisis of democracy. Instead of seeing civics education as the solution, they offer an approach to civics that acknowledges the increasingly diverse ways in which young people are engaging politically.

Mark Chou is an Associate Professor of Politics at the Australian Catholic University.

Jean-Paul Gagnon is an Assistant Professor of Politics at the University of Canberra.

Catherine Hartung is a Lecturer in Education Studies at the University of Otago.

Lesley Pruitt is a Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at Monash University.
Recent decades have seen a resurgence in interest in citizenship education in many countries with, what we would have to recognise as, mixed results. This book provides a timely intervention to help readers think again about what we have been trying to do and how we have been trying to achieve it. By synthesising a range of material from within the literature on citizenship education and beyond, the authors ask us to think afresh about the challenge of citizenship education. School learning is often about the gap between what the learner already knows and can do, and what they may grasp or experience with the benefit of teaching. This volume makes a convincing case that adults have been routinely underestimating young people’s starting point and therefore miscalculating how to plan the learning. The solution they propose is radically simple, and should come naturally to teachers – talk to young people, understand their strengths and concerns and negotiate citizenship education with them, rather than impose a model on them. A deliberative process will lead to new understandings and new solutions in the context of diverse democracies and in doing so may even serve as a mechanism for democratic renewal. The authors recognise this will be challenging in reality but make a strong case for greater humility on behalf of curriculum developers in the face of young people's proven capacity to act as citizens today.
Lee Jerome, Associate Professor in Education, Middlesex University
This is perhaps the most important book on civics education yet written. The authors deserve much praise. They highlight the need for a properly-designed civics education curriculum and, crucially, offer proposals as to how that can be achieved. This book will be of great benefit to academics and policy-makers in considering how to better engage young people with politics.
Jon Tonge, Professor of Politics, University of Liverpool (Former Chair of the UK Youth Citizenship Commission)
[T]his informed and informative study carefully examines the role of civics education in addressing the so-called crisis of democracy. Turning away from conventional suggestions often advocated by politicians and educators that offer civics education as the solution, Young People, Citizenship and Political Participation advances an alternate approach to civics that clearly acknowledges the increasingly diverse ways in which young people are both engaging and disengaging politically. While very highly recommended as a critically important addition to both community and academic library Political Science collections, it should be noted for the personal reading lists of students and non-specialist general readers with an interest in the subject that Young People, Citizenship and Political Participation is also available in a paperback edition and in a Kindle format.
Young people across the planet are the pioneers of a new global citizenship, emerging from the margins of the nation-state and prefiguring a Democracy 2.0. This book approaches this phenomenon through a series of case-studies and theoretical reflections, that can be viewed as an observatory to the culture of youth politics (and to the politics of youth cultures) in the 21st century.
Carles Feixa, Professor of Anthropology, University of Lleida (Catalonia-Spain)

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover 1
Half Title i
Title Page iii
Copyright Page iv
Contents v
Preface vii
Chapter One Disengaged: Young People and Political Disengagement in Anglo-American Democracies 1
Youth Political Disengagement in Anglo-American Democracies 5
Explaining Youth Political Disengagement 9
Are Young People Really Politically Disengaged? 15
Combating Civic Deficit, Defining Civic Surplus 20
Notes 23
References 27
Chapter Two Democracy in Crisis: Are Young People to Blame? 31
What Are Young People Doing Wrong? And What Is Meant by the Crisis They Are Supposedly Creating? 34
How Democracies Clash 40
The Crises (and Opportunities) in the Clash 42
Implications for Civics Education 45
Notes 47
Chapter Three Civics and Citizenship Education: Defender or Divider of Democracy? 55
Young People as the Heart of Democracy? Contextualising Citizenship Education 57
Citizenship Education in Schools: Inclusions and Exclusions in New Times 60
Citizenship Education beyond the School: The New Global Authorities 63
Beyond Education for Socialisation: Young People’s Citizenship as Practice 66
Notes 70
Chapter Four Different Ways, Different Domains: The Everyday Politics of Young People 77
Young People as Vital to the Future and Present of Democracy 78
Young People, Democracy and a State Politics of Concern 79
Getting Real about Youth Participation 81
In the Mix with Youth Politics 83
Semi-formal Participation 84
Online [Virtual] Participation 86
Moving Forward on Youth Political Participation with the Everyday in Mind 87
Caveats and Complications: The Neoliberal Political Context, Individualisation and Making Space for Difference 90
Notes 95
References 101
Chapter Five Brexit, Bono and the Entrepreneurial Self: Young People’s Participation as ‘Global Citizens’ 105
Understanding Global Citizenship 106
Young People as ‘Failing’ Global Citizens: The United Kingdom’s Brexit Catastrophe 110
Young People as Global Consumers Making a Difference: Bono’s Global Citizen Festival 112
Young People as Global Entrepreneurs with Economic Solutions: The Foundation for Young Australians 114
Critically Analysing Neoliberal Conceptions of Global Citizenship 117
Looking to the Future: Constraints and Possibilities 118
Notes 119
Chapter Six Co-designed: A New Approach to Civics and Citizenship 123
An Expert’s Confession: Conventional Approaches to Curriculum Design and Implementation 125
The Practice of Co-design 128
Co-designing Civics Curricula: Young People, Civics Education and Political Engagement 132
Youth Participation and the Democratic School 135
Conclusion 137
Notes 138
Index 143
About the Authors 147