BOOK
Edexcel A Level History, Paper 3: The making of modern Russia 1855-1991 Student Book
(2016)
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Abstract
Edexcel A Level History, Paper 3: The making of modern Russia 1855-1991 Student Book
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Contents | 3 | ||
| How to use this book | 4 | ||
| Introduction: A Level History | 6 | ||
| Why History Matters | 6 | ||
| What is History? | 6 | ||
| The Challenges of Learning History | 7 | ||
| Introduction: The making of modern Russia, 1855–1991 | 8 | ||
| The land and the peasantry, 1855–1991 | 8 | ||
| Reform and revolution | 9 | ||
| Part 1: Aspects in breadth: the land and the peasantry, 1855–1991 | 10 | ||
| Chapter 1: The changing status and condition of the peasantry | 10 | ||
| Introduction | 10 | ||
| What was the Impact of Government Policies on the Status and Condition of the Peasantry in Imperial Russia, 1855–1917? | 12 | ||
| What was the impact on the peasants of the 1861 Edict of Emancipation which abolished serfdom? | 13 | ||
| The burden of redemption payments and over-population | 14 | ||
| Stolypin’s reforms, 1906–11 | 16 | ||
| What was the Impact of Government Policies on the Status and Condition of the Peasantry Under Communist Rule, 1918–91? | 19 | ||
| The Land Decree, 1917 | 19 | ||
| The New Economic Policy (NEP), 1921 | 20 | ||
| Collectivisation, 1928–32 | 25 | ||
| The concession of peasant plots, 1932 | 32 | ||
| The increase in sovkhozy at the expense of the kolkhozy after 1945 | 32 | ||
| Reduction of taxes on private plots and peasant households, 1953–54 | 34 | ||
| Conclusion | 36 | ||
| Chapter 2: Agriculture and productivity: meeting the country’s needs? | 38 | ||
| Introduction | 38 | ||
| To what Extent did Reform and Innovation Increase Productivity Across the Period 1861–1991? | 39 | ||
| The backwardness of peasant agriculture in the 19th century | 39 | ||
| The railways’ impact on the larger estates of the gentry and nobility pre-1914 | 43 | ||
| The drive to modernise under Stalin | 45 | ||
| Khrushchev’s drive to boost productivity | 47 | ||
| The Virgin Lands Scheme | 47 | ||
| Maize mania | 49 | ||
| Attempts to boost productivity under Brezhnev and Gorbachev | 51 | ||
| To what Extent did Domestic Agriculture Manage to Feed the Population between 1861 and 1991? | 55 | ||
| Brezhnev: the import of western grain, 1972–79 | 60 | ||
| Conclusion | 62 | ||
| Part 2: Aspects in depth: reform and revolution | 64 | ||
| Chapter 3: The political reforms of Alexander II, 1855–70 | 64 | ||
| Introduction | 64 | ||
| How Significant was the Impetus to Reform as a Result of the Crimean War? | 66 | ||
| How did the conclusion to the Crimean War create the circumstances for the reforming attitude of Alexander II? | 66 | ||
| How did Tsar Alexander II reform the military after the Treaty of Paris, 1856? | 67 | ||
| How Effective were the Reforms of the Legal System and Local Government in the years 1855–70? | 71 | ||
| The new courts | 71 | ||
| The impact of legal reforms | 72 | ||
| Response to the reforms | 73 | ||
| How did Tsar Alexander II reform local government within Russia? | 74 | ||
| To what Extent was there Greater Freedom of Expression in Russia in the years to 1870? | 78 | ||
| The significance of the universitystatute, 1863 | 78 | ||
| The significance of the new press regulations of 1865 | 81 | ||
| Conclusion | 83 | ||
| Chapter 4: Revolution and reform, 1904–06 | 86 | ||
| Introduction | 86 | ||
| How Important was the Russo–Japanese war as a Stimulus to Reform and Revolution? | 87 | ||
| What was the Significance of Bloody Sunday in 1905? | 92 | ||
| Union of Unions | 98 | ||
| The significance of the October Manifesto | 99 | ||
| How Effective was the Tsar’s Repression of Opposition in the Towns and Countryside? | 103 | ||
| The closing of the St Petersburg and Moscow soviets | 103 | ||
| The repression in the towns and countryside | 103 | ||
| Conclusion | 105 | ||
| Chapter 5: The end of the Romanovs and the triumph of the Bolsheviks, 1916–18 | 108 | ||
| Introduction | 108 | ||
| How did the Experience of War in the years 1916–17 Act as a Stimulus to Revolution? | 109 | ||
| The murder of Rasputin | 112 | ||
| Reasons, events and significance of the February Revolution | 113 | ||
| The end of tsardom, the Provisional Government and relations with the Petrograd Soviet | 114 | ||
| What were the Reasons for the October Revolution in 1917? | 116 | ||
| The importance of the Petrograd Soviet, Lenin and Trotsky | 116 | ||
| The Provisional Government’s difficulties and mistakes | 118 | ||
| How did the Bolsheviks Consolidate Power during 1918? | 123 | ||
| Concessions and violence | 123 | ||
| Dissolving the Constituent Assembly and setting up Cheka | 123 | ||
| Making peace with Germany and the creation of the Red Army | 125 | ||
| Conclusion | 128 | ||
| Chapter 6: Khrushchev and attempts to reform the Soviet system, 1956–61 | 130 | ||
| Introduction | 130 | ||
| What was the Impetus for Khrushchev to try to Reform the Soviet System? | 131 | ||
| The aims of Khrushchev: the struggle for succession 1953–56 | 131 | ||
| Why did Khrushchev Initiate De-Stalinisation through his ‘Secret Speech’ in 1956? | 138 | ||
| How deep were Khrushchev’s Reforms to the Administration? | 143 | ||
| Decentralisation | 144 | ||
| The restructuring of the security apparatus | 144 | ||
| New freedoms and old limitations: intellectual and cultural life | 145 | ||
| Khrushchev and the Church | 148 | ||
| Conclusion | 149 | ||
| Chapter 7: Gorbachev and the downfall of Soviet communism, 1985–91 | 152 | ||
| Introduction | 152 | ||
| What was the Impetus to Reform the USSR? | 153 | ||
| The Afghanistan War | 153 | ||
| Economic stagnation | 155 | ||
| Alcoholism and Chernobyl: a country in economic decline? | 156 | ||
| The rise of nationalism | 158 | ||
| The significance of Gorbachev’s personality and ideas | 159 | ||
| Gorbachev’s key ideas | 160 | ||
| How Extensive was the Impact of Glasnost and Perestroika? | 161 | ||
| The anti-alcohol campaign | 161 | ||
| The treatment of dissidents and voices of discontent | 162 | ||
| Gathering support: Gorbachev’s new appointments | 164 | ||
| Perestroika in action: economic changes and administrative battles | 165 | ||
| How did Divisions within the Reformist Camp Evolve into Divisions within the USSR? | 167 | ||
| The growing rivalry with Yeltsin | 168 | ||
| The conservatives’ attempted coup d’état | 169 | ||
| The downfall of Communist Party rule | 171 | ||
| Conclusion | 172 | ||
| Preparing for your A Level Paper 3 exam | 175 | ||
| Index | 188 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 191 |