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Where Are The Unions?

Where Are The Unions?

Doctor Sian Lazar | Peter Waterman

(2017)

Abstract

The start of the twenty-first century has been marked by global demands for economic justice. From the pink tide and Arab spring to Occupy and anti-austerity, the last twenty years have witnessed the birth of a new type of mass mobilisation.

Where Are The Unions? compares, for the first time, the challenges faced by movements in Latin America, the Arab world and Europe. Workers’ strikes and protests were a critical part of these events, yet their role has been significantly underestimated in many of the subsequent narratives.

This book focuses on the complex interactions between organised workers, the unemployed, self-employed, youth, students and the state, and critically assesses the concept of the ‘precariat’. With contributions from across four continents, this is the most comprehensive look at the global context of mass mobilisation in the twenty-first century.


‘This superb collection combines a radical, activist-inspired vision with up-to-date scholarship and theoretical insight. Bringing together in-depth analyses of specific case studies from different national contexts, the book makes a significant contribution to our understanding of current labour conflicts.’
Pnina Werbner, co-author of Debating Cultural Hybridity

‘This may be the single most important set of studies to come out of recent worldwide mobilisations. It tells us what the Left has to learn about labour if we are to take on the spectre of the populist Right.’
Don Kalb, University of Bergen

‘This book is pivotal to understanding global social movements. Sian Lazar has impressively drawn examples from around the world, demonstrating that resisting union bureaucracy and government authoritarianism is essential to creating enduring democratic structures. Essential for students of social movements.’
Immanuel Ness, City University of New York

‘This desperately needed collection turns a crucial analytic lens on our current era of global uprisings. Richly comparative and with a broad historical frame, it makes clear that workers will remain pivotal to movements for other possible futures.’
Maple Razsa, author of Bastards of Utopia: Living Radical Politics after Socialism


Sian Lazar is a lecturer in the Division of Social Anthropology at the University of Cambridge. She is the author of El Alto, Rebel City: Self and Citizenship in Andean Bolivia (2008) and the editor of The Anthropology of Citizenship: A Reader (2013). She has conducted field research in Bolivia and Argentina, with a focus on collective politics and political subjectivity.


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front cover Front cover
About the editor iii
Title page v
Copyright vi
Contents vii
Acknowledgements ix
Introduction 1
Social movements and labour in academic studies 5
Organised labour and the state 9
Relation to existing unions 12
The lived experience of working subjectivity 14
Structure of the book 17
Notes 20
References 21
Part One 23
1. The Egyptian workers’ movement: problems of organisation and politics 25
The ruling party’s machine: the Egyptian Trade Union Federation 27
The rise of the independent unions 29
The workers’ movement during the revolution 31
Workers and the counter-revolution: paradoxes of the 3 July regime 35
Conclusion: the political challenge of counter-revolution 40
Notes 42
2. From the grassroots to the presidential palace: Evo Morales and the coca growers’ union in Bolivia 44
A brief history of rebellion in Bolivia 45
The Chapare 48
The coca unions 49
Radicalisation 51
Old movement with a new face 53
The Movement Towards Socialism (MAS) 55
Shortcomings 57
Top-down control 58
Conclusion 59
Notes 61
References 61
3. The labour union movement and ‘alternative’ culture in Tunisia: the long view of a close relationship 64
The cultural beginnings of unionism 67
The unionist bases of alternative culture 70
A citizenship turn in unionism and culture 74
Conclusion 79
Notes 81
References 82
Part Two 85
4. Migrants’ struggles? Rethinking citizenship, anti-racism and labour precarity through migration politics in Italy 87
Beyond precarity and racism: struggles of migration and social unionism 93
Calls to humanity and its frontiers 99
Notes 102
References 105
5. The Spanish crisis: from complacency to unrest, from unrest to mobilisation 107
Young people in the country of the nouveaux riches: from NEETs to futureless youth 108
The ‘unexpected’ crisis and the emergence of unrest 110
The official response to the crisis 111
The 15M movement and the indignados 114
The occupation of squares: anything new? 117
The impact of 15M: elections and demonstrations 119
Post script: a new regime? 123
Notes 125
References 126
6. What are the possible strategies for the emergence of a democratic and revolutionary labour movement in Lebanon? 128
The labour movement in Lebanon 129
The weakening of the trade union movement 131
Trade union mobilisation in the public sector: successes and challenges 133
Unions and Arab and foreign workers 135
Trade unions and women 137
Where do we go from here? 139
Notes 141
References 142
7. ‘To struggle is also to teach’: how can teachers and teaching unions further the global fight for another world? 144
The global project 145
Teaching unions 147
Teaching unions in Mexico 150
Teaching unions in England 154
Conclusion 160
Note 162
References 162
Part Three 165
8. ‘Ungrievable’ labour and ‘unruly’ politics: NGOs, workers’ rights, and the 2013–2014 protests in Brazil 167
‘Ungrievable’ labour and ‘unruly’ politics 170
Street vendors and ‘unruly’ politics 172
The dangers of being ‘nothing but human beings’ 173
Expanding the concept of ‘worker’ 175
Personal and political 177
Two kinds of hope 180
Conclusion 183
Notes 184
References 184
9. The experience of grassroots syndicalism in Greece: workplace restructuring and the role of traditional trade unions in the tertiary sector 187
Introduction: looking back at labour organisation 187
Grassroots unions in the Greek call centre industry 196
Concluding remarks 205
Notes 206
References 206
10. Dilemmas of trade unionism and the movement of the unemployed under neoliberal and progressive regimes in Argentina 209
Introduction 209
Trade unionism and the formation of the unemployed movement 212
To confront and negotiate: the unemployed as subjects of neoliberal politics 215
The meaning of work and limits of union representation 218
Union revitalisation and fragmentation under Kirchnerism 220
Conclusion 224
Notes 227
References 228
11. From invisible to invincible: the story of the 3 Cosas Campaign 231
Old trade unionism: UNISON 232
¡Hasta la victoria! 240
Conclusion 247
Notes 249
Afterword: bringing manifestos back in? 251
Emancipatory social movements and manifestos 251
Contemporary union or labour charters: still within the iron cage? 254
A global labour charter as a dialogical process 257
Notes 260
References and resources 262
About the contributors 267
Index 271
Back cover Back cover