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Abstract
The start of the twenty-first century has been marked by global demands for economic justice. From the pink tide and Arab spring to Occupy and anti-austerity, the last twenty years have witnessed the birth of a new type of mass mobilisation.
Where Are The Unions? compares, for the first time, the challenges faced by movements in Latin America, the Arab world and Europe. Workers’ strikes and protests were a critical part of these events, yet their role has been significantly underestimated in many of the subsequent narratives.
This book focuses on the complex interactions between organised workers, the unemployed, self-employed, youth, students and the state, and critically assesses the concept of the ‘precariat’. With contributions from across four continents, this is the most comprehensive look at the global context of mass mobilisation in the twenty-first century.
‘This superb collection combines a radical, activist-inspired vision with up-to-date scholarship and theoretical insight. Bringing together in-depth analyses of specific case studies from different national contexts, the book makes a significant contribution to our understanding of current labour conflicts.’
Pnina Werbner, co-author of Debating Cultural Hybridity
‘This may be the single most important set of studies to come out of recent worldwide mobilisations. It tells us what the Left has to learn about labour if we are to take on the spectre of the populist Right.’
Don Kalb, University of Bergen
‘This book is pivotal to understanding global social movements. Sian Lazar has impressively drawn examples from around the world, demonstrating that resisting union bureaucracy and government authoritarianism is essential to creating enduring democratic structures. Essential for students of social movements.’
Immanuel Ness, City University of New York
‘This desperately needed collection turns a crucial analytic lens on our current era of global uprisings. Richly comparative and with a broad historical frame, it makes clear that workers will remain pivotal to movements for other possible futures.’
Maple Razsa, author of Bastards of Utopia: Living Radical Politics after Socialism
Sian Lazar is a lecturer in the Division of Social Anthropology at the University of Cambridge. She is the author of El Alto, Rebel City: Self and Citizenship in Andean Bolivia (2008) and the editor of The Anthropology of Citizenship: A Reader (2013). She has conducted field research in Bolivia and Argentina, with a focus on collective politics and political subjectivity.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front cover | Front cover | ||
About the editor | iii | ||
Title page | v | ||
Copyright | vi | ||
Contents | vii | ||
Acknowledgements | ix | ||
Introduction | 1 | ||
Social movements and labour in academic studies | 5 | ||
Organised labour and the state | 9 | ||
Relation to existing unions | 12 | ||
The lived experience of working subjectivity | 14 | ||
Structure of the book | 17 | ||
Notes | 20 | ||
References | 21 | ||
Part One | 23 | ||
1. The Egyptian workers’ movement: problems of organisation and politics | 25 | ||
The ruling party’s machine: the Egyptian Trade Union Federation | 27 | ||
The rise of the independent unions | 29 | ||
The workers’ movement during the revolution | 31 | ||
Workers and the counter-revolution: paradoxes of the 3 July regime | 35 | ||
Conclusion: the political challenge of counter-revolution | 40 | ||
Notes | 42 | ||
2. From the grassroots to the presidential palace: Evo Morales and the coca growers’ union in Bolivia | 44 | ||
A brief history of rebellion in Bolivia | 45 | ||
The Chapare | 48 | ||
The coca unions | 49 | ||
Radicalisation | 51 | ||
Old movement with a new face | 53 | ||
The Movement Towards Socialism (MAS) | 55 | ||
Shortcomings | 57 | ||
Top-down control | 58 | ||
Conclusion | 59 | ||
Notes | 61 | ||
References | 61 | ||
3. The labour union movement and ‘alternative’ culture in Tunisia: the long view of a close relationship | 64 | ||
The cultural beginnings of unionism | 67 | ||
The unionist bases of alternative culture | 70 | ||
A citizenship turn in unionism and culture | 74 | ||
Conclusion | 79 | ||
Notes | 81 | ||
References | 82 | ||
Part Two | 85 | ||
4. Migrants’ struggles? Rethinking citizenship, anti-racism and labour precarity through migration politics in Italy | 87 | ||
Beyond precarity and racism: struggles of migration and social unionism | 93 | ||
Calls to humanity and its frontiers | 99 | ||
Notes | 102 | ||
References | 105 | ||
5. The Spanish crisis: from complacency to unrest, from unrest to mobilisation | 107 | ||
Young people in the country of the nouveaux riches: from NEETs to futureless youth | 108 | ||
The ‘unexpected’ crisis and the emergence of unrest | 110 | ||
The official response to the crisis | 111 | ||
The 15M movement and the indignados | 114 | ||
The occupation of squares: anything new? | 117 | ||
The impact of 15M: elections and demonstrations | 119 | ||
Post script: a new regime? | 123 | ||
Notes | 125 | ||
References | 126 | ||
6. What are the possible strategies for the emergence of a democratic and revolutionary labour movement in Lebanon? | 128 | ||
The labour movement in Lebanon | 129 | ||
The weakening of the trade union movement | 131 | ||
Trade union mobilisation in the public sector: successes and challenges | 133 | ||
Unions and Arab and foreign workers | 135 | ||
Trade unions and women | 137 | ||
Where do we go from here? | 139 | ||
Notes | 141 | ||
References | 142 | ||
7. ‘To struggle is also to teach’: how can teachers and teaching unions further the global fight for another world? | 144 | ||
The global project | 145 | ||
Teaching unions | 147 | ||
Teaching unions in Mexico | 150 | ||
Teaching unions in England | 154 | ||
Conclusion | 160 | ||
Note | 162 | ||
References | 162 | ||
Part Three | 165 | ||
8. ‘Ungrievable’ labour and ‘unruly’ politics: NGOs, workers’ rights, and the 2013–2014 protests in Brazil | 167 | ||
‘Ungrievable’ labour and ‘unruly’ politics | 170 | ||
Street vendors and ‘unruly’ politics | 172 | ||
The dangers of being ‘nothing but human beings’ | 173 | ||
Expanding the concept of ‘worker’ | 175 | ||
Personal and political | 177 | ||
Two kinds of hope | 180 | ||
Conclusion | 183 | ||
Notes | 184 | ||
References | 184 | ||
9. The experience of grassroots syndicalism in Greece: workplace restructuring and the role of traditional trade unions in the tertiary sector | 187 | ||
Introduction: looking back at labour organisation | 187 | ||
Grassroots unions in the Greek call centre industry | 196 | ||
Concluding remarks | 205 | ||
Notes | 206 | ||
References | 206 | ||
10. Dilemmas of trade unionism and the movement of the unemployed under neoliberal and progressive regimes in Argentina | 209 | ||
Introduction | 209 | ||
Trade unionism and the formation of the unemployed movement | 212 | ||
To confront and negotiate: the unemployed as subjects of neoliberal politics | 215 | ||
The meaning of work and limits of union representation | 218 | ||
Union revitalisation and fragmentation under Kirchnerism | 220 | ||
Conclusion | 224 | ||
Notes | 227 | ||
References | 228 | ||
11. From invisible to invincible: the story of the 3 Cosas Campaign | 231 | ||
Old trade unionism: UNISON | 232 | ||
¡Hasta la victoria! | 240 | ||
Conclusion | 247 | ||
Notes | 249 | ||
Afterword: bringing manifestos back in? | 251 | ||
Emancipatory social movements and manifestos | 251 | ||
Contemporary union or labour charters: still within the iron cage? | 254 | ||
A global labour charter as a dialogical process | 257 | ||
Notes | 260 | ||
References and resources | 262 | ||
About the contributors | 267 | ||
Index | 271 | ||
Back cover | Back cover |