Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Immerse yourself in every aspect of the veterinary technology field with McCurnin’s Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, 9th Edition, covering small and large animals, birds, reptiles, and small mammals. With a new zoonoses theme threaded throughout each chapter, this comprehensive text describes how each disease affects the host, how it is spread, and how it is treated. Case presentations provide you with relevant, real-life scenarios so you can practice your critical thinking and decision-making skills.
- Introduction to the concept of the Technician Practice Model ensures that excellent nursing care is provided to each patient.
- Content on fluid therapy and transfusion medicine keeps you current and prepared for success in practice.
- Thorough coverage of electrocardiography included in the Emergency Nursing chapter to teach you how to interpret, and how to examine and differentiate, normal from abnormal and dangerous from non-dangerous.
- Case presentations provide you with real-life scenarios so you can practice your critical thinking and decision-making skills.
- Large animal care is integrated throughout the book with medical records, dentistry, physical examination, surgical instrumentation, surgical assistance, emergency care, and euthanasia, in addition to the individual Large Animal Medical Nsing chapter, to prepare you to care for large animals.
- A chapter dedicated to birds, reptiles, and small mammals keeps you up-to-date with care and treatment for these increasingly popular pets.
- Comprehensive chapters on pharmacology, pain management, restraint, and veterinary oncology offer a broader understanding of the responsibilities of a technician.
- Vet Tech Threads design emphasizes important study points and ensures you understand the content introduced to you.
- Step-by-step instructions and photographs show you how to perform dozens of procedures, and make information readily accessible in emergency and clinical situations.
- Evolve site with TEACH instructor resources, an image collection, and a test bank accompanies the text, and provides instructors with everything they need to successfully teach each chapter and evaluate students' progress.
- NEW! Chapter on Veterinary Oncology contains fundamental information on veterinary cancers and current therapies.
- NEW! Toxicology chapter provides an overview of toxic substances and treatments while helping you understand how to recognize, assess, and manage poison concerns.
- NEW! The theme of zoonotics is threaded throughout each chapter and emphasized appropriately to increase your understanding of how each disease affects the host, how it is spread, how it is treated, and the necessary safety precautions.
- NEW! A 2017 winner of the William Holmes McGuffey Longevity Award ("McGuffey") from the Text and Academic Authors Association (TAA). The "McGuffey" recognizes textbooks and learning materials whose excellence has been demonstrated over time.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Endsheets 2-3 timeline | IFC2 | ||
| Evolve page | IFC4 | ||
| McCurnin's Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians | i | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contributors | vi | ||
| Reviewers | xi | ||
| Preface | xii | ||
| Key Features | xii | ||
| New Features | xii | ||
| Organization | xii | ||
| The Learning Package | xiii | ||
| Student Workbook | xiii | ||
| TEACH Instructor Resources | xiii | ||
| Evolve Website | xiii | ||
| Support | xiii | ||
| Acknowledgments | xiv | ||
| Table Of Contents | xv | ||
| How to Use This Learning Package | xvii | ||
| Textbook Features | xvii | ||
| Student Workbook | xvii | ||
| Evolve Website | xviii | ||
| Additional Resources | xviii | ||
| Coville & Bassert | xviii | ||
| Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3e | xviii | ||
| Brown & Brown | xviii | ||
| Lavin’s Radiography for Veterinary Technicians, 6e | xviii | ||
| Colville & Oien | xviii | ||
| Clinical Veterinary Language | xviii | ||
| Holmstrom | xix | ||
| Veterinary Dentistry: A Team Approach, 2e | xix | ||
| Prendergast | xix | ||
| Front Office Management for the Veterinary Team, 2e | xix | ||
| Studdert, Gay, & Blood | xix | ||
| Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 4e | xix | ||
| Taylor | xix | ||
| Small Animal Clinical Techniques, 2e | xix | ||
| Wanamaker & Massey | xx | ||
| Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians, 5e | xx | ||
| 1 Veterinary Technology: An Overview | 1 | ||
| 1 Introduction to Veterinary Technology | 1 | ||
| Outline | 1 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 1 | ||
| Key Terms | 2 | ||
| Introduction | 2 | ||
| History of Veterinary Technology | 3 | ||
| The Veterinary Technician Today | 4 | ||
| Employment Prospects, Salaries, and Attrition | 4 | ||
| Education | 5 | ||
| Programs of Veterinary Technology | 5 | ||
| Two- and Four-Year Programs | 5 | ||
| Standard Criteria | 5 | ||
| Distance Education | 6 | ||
| Continuing Education | 6 | ||
| The Veterinary Technician National Examination | 6 | ||
| The Profession of Veterinary Technology | 7 | ||
| The Veterinary Technician Practice Model | 7 | ||
| Step 1: Gather Data | 7 | ||
| Step 2: Identify and Prioritize Patient Evaluations | 8 | ||
| Step 3: Develop Plan of Care and Implement Interventions | 8 | ||
| Step 4: Evaluate Patient Response | 8 | ||
| Step 5: Add Data | 8 | ||
| Scope of Practice | 8 | ||
| Responsibilities of the Veterinary Technician in Practice | 10 | ||
| Reception Area | 10 | ||
| Examination Rooms and Outpatients | 10 | ||
| Laboratory and Pharmacy | 10 | ||
| Radiology and Special Imaging | 10 | ||
| Treatment Room | 11 | ||
| Operating Room | 12 | ||
| Wards | 13 | ||
| Hospital Management and Communications | 13 | ||
| Terminology and the Veterinary Health Care Team | 13 | ||
| Veterinarian | 13 | ||
| Veterinary Technician Specialist | 14 | ||
| Veterinary Technologist | 15 | ||
| Veterinary Technician | 16 | ||
| Veterinary Assistant | 16 | ||
| Laboratory Animal Technicians and Technologists | 16 | ||
| Professionalism | 17 | ||
| Professional Appearance | 18 | ||
| Uniform | 18 | ||
| Hands and Nails | 19 | ||
| Jewelry, Face, and Hair | 19 | ||
| Professional Conduct | 19 | ||
| In the Workplace | 19 | ||
| Outside the Workplace | 19 | ||
| Professional Communication | 20 | ||
| Verbal Communication | 20 | ||
| Written Communication | 20 | ||
| Medical Records. | 20 | ||
| E-mail. | 20 | ||
| Text Messaging | 20 | ||
| Professional Organizations and Acronyms | 21 | ||
| National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America | 21 | ||
| Registered Veterinary Technologists and Technicians of Canada/Technologues et techniciens vétérinaires enregistrés du Canada(RVTTC/TTVAC) | 21 | ||
| Professional Ethics | 21 | ||
| Profession-Related Laws and Regulations | 24 | ||
| Laws (Statutes) | 24 | ||
| Rules and Regulations | 26 | ||
| Entry Into Practice | 26 | ||
| Licenses, Certificates, and Registrations | 26 | ||
| Demonstrating Good Moral Character | 28 | ||
| Background Checks | 28 | ||
| Refusal of Licensure | 28 | ||
| License Renewal and Continuing Education | 28 | ||
| Grounds for Disciplinary Action | 29 | ||
| Technical Violations | 29 | ||
| Substantive Violations | 29 | ||
| Fraud and Deceit. | 29 | ||
| Crimes of Moral Turpitude. | 29 | ||
| Misrepresentation. | 29 | ||
| Animal Abuse. | 30 | ||
| Committing or Aiding Illegal Professional Acts. | 30 | ||
| Working Impaired. | 30 | ||
| Practicing Beyond the Scope of Practice. | 30 | ||
| Unprofessional Conduct. | 31 | ||
| Malpractice (Negligence). | 31 | ||
| Incompetence. | 31 | ||
| Responsibility for Actions | 32 | ||
| Process of Disciplinary Action | 32 | ||
| Notice | 32 | ||
| Right to a Hearing | 32 | ||
| Hearings Procedures. | 32 | ||
| Disciplinary Sanctions | 33 | ||
| Revocation of a License. | 33 | ||
| Suspension of a License. | 33 | ||
| Probation of Licensee. | 33 | ||
| Reprimand. | 33 | ||
| Civil Penalty. | 33 | ||
| Additional Laws Governing Veterinary Practice | 33 | ||
| Labor Laws | 33 | ||
| Hostile Work Environment | 34 | ||
| Safety in the Workplace | 34 | ||
| Medical Waste Management Laws | 34 | ||
| Controlled Substances | 34 | ||
| Animal-Related Laws | 34 | ||
| Anticruelty Laws | 34 | ||
| Animals Used in Research and Education | 35 | ||
| Horse Protection Act | 35 | ||
| Endangered Species Act | 35 | ||
| Laws Specific to Canada | 35 | ||
| Criminal Code of Canada | 35 | ||
| Canada Wildlife Act | 35 | ||
| Canadian Food Inspection Agency | 36 | ||
| Provincial Legislation on Animal Welfare | 36 | ||
| Nongovernmental Animal Welfare Organizations | 36 | ||
| Humane Transportation of Animals | 36 | ||
| Canadian Meat Inspection Act | 36 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 36 | ||
| 2 Veterinary Practice Management | 37 | ||
| Outline | 37 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 37 | ||
| Key Terms | 37 | ||
| Introduction | 38 | ||
| Types of Veterinary Practices | 38 | ||
| Typical Employee Positions | 39 | ||
| Management Personnel | 40 | ||
| Veterinarians | 41 | ||
| Veterinary Technicians and Technologists | 42 | ||
| Veterinary Assistants | 42 | ||
| Receptionists | 43 | ||
| Kennel, Ward, and Barn Attendants | 43 | ||
| Practice Facilities and Workflow | 44 | ||
| Small Animal General Practices | 44 | ||
| Facility Exterior | 44 | ||
| Outpatient Areas | 45 | ||
| Inpatient Areas | 47 | ||
| Surgical Area | 50 | ||
| Support Area | 50 | ||
| Small Animal House Call Practices | 51 | ||
| Specialty and Emergency Practices | 51 | ||
| Large Animal Mobile Units | 51 | ||
| Large Animal Haul-in Facilities | 52 | ||
| Clients and Client Services | 53 | ||
| Importance of Client Communication | 54 | ||
| Communication Myths | 54 | ||
| Six Aspects of Excellent Communication | 54 | ||
| Clarity. | 54 | ||
| Courtesy. | 54 | ||
| Positive Nonverbal Communication. | 55 | ||
| Open-Ended Inquiry. | 55 | ||
| Reflective Listening. | 55 | ||
| Empathy. | 55 | ||
| Dealing With Difficult Clients | 55 | ||
| Management of the Veterinary Practice | 56 | ||
| Planning | 56 | ||
| Human Resources | 57 | ||
| Hiring | 57 | ||
| Compensation | 58 | ||
| Training and Orientation | 58 | ||
| Employee Management and Retention | 59 | ||
| Addressing Employee Stress | 59 | ||
| Stressors. | 60 | ||
| Reducing Stress in the Workplace. | 60 | ||
| Employee Substance Abuse and Stress: Important and Not to Be Ignored. | 60 | ||
| Marketing | 61 | ||
| Internal Marketing | 61 | ||
| Client Relationships. | 62 | ||
| Practice Appearance. | 62 | ||
| Full-Service Care. | 62 | ||
| Client Reminders. | 62 | ||
| Personal Appearance. | 62 | ||
| Handout Materials. | 62 | ||
| Sympathy and Thank-You Communications. | 63 | ||
| Newsletters. | 63 | ||
| Targeted Mail. | 64 | ||
| Point-of-Sale Displays. | 64 | ||
| Animal Care Talks. | 64 | ||
| External Marketing | 64 | ||
| Advertising. | 64 | ||
| Newspapers. | 65 | ||
| Radio and Television. | 65 | ||
| Community Activities. | 65 | ||
| Web-Based Marketing. | 65 | ||
| Pet Portals. | 65 | ||
| Financial | 66 | ||
| Bookkeeping and Accounting | 66 | ||
| Balance Sheet | 66 | ||
| Income Statement | 66 | ||
| Statement of Cash Flows | 66 | ||
| Management Analysis | 67 | ||
| Profitability Calculation. | 67 | ||
| Key Performance Indicators. | 67 | ||
| Budgeting. | 68 | ||
| Price Setting. | 68 | ||
| Operations | 68 | ||
| Front Desk Management | 69 | ||
| Appointment Scheduling. | 69 | ||
| Estimates and Client Payments. | 69 | ||
| Inventory Management | 70 | ||
| Computerization of the Veterinary Practice | 72 | ||
| Electronic Medical Records | 73 | ||
| Patient Scheduling | 73 | ||
| Reminders | 73 | ||
| Billing | 74 | ||
| Inventory | 74 | ||
| Client Communication | 74 | ||
| Accounts Receivable | 74 | ||
| Doctor Production | 75 | ||
| Summary | 75 | ||
| References | 75 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 75 | ||
| Journals | 75 | ||
| Management Short Courses | 75 | ||
| Internet Sites | 75 | ||
| 3 Veterinary Medical Records | 76 | ||
| Outline | 76 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 76 | ||
| Key Terms | 76 | ||
| Introduction | 77 | ||
| Functions of the Medical Record | 77 | ||
| Primary Purposes | 77 | ||
| Supports Excellent Medical Care | 77 | ||
| Documents Communications | 77 | ||
| Secondary Purposes | 78 | ||
| Supports Business and Legal Activities | 78 | ||
| Supports Research | 78 | ||
| Medical and Legal Requirements | 78 | ||
| Veterinarian–Client–Patient Relationship | 78 | ||
| Importance of Informed Consent | 78 | ||
| Consent and Authorization Forms | 79 | ||
| Documentation: Protection Against Complaints and Litigation | 79 | ||
| Ownership and Release of Medical Information | 81 | ||
| Format of Veterinary Medical Records | 81 | ||
| Source-Oriented Veterinary Medical Record | 81 | ||
| Problem-Oriented Veterinary Medical Record | 82 | ||
| Components of the Problem-Oriented Veterinary Medical Record | 82 | ||
| The Database | 82 | ||
| Client and Patient Information | 82 | ||
| History | 83 | ||
| Physical Examination | 84 | ||
| Laboratory, Diagnostic Imaging, and Other Pertinent Forms | 87 | ||
| Laboratory Diagnostic Summary and Flow Sheet. | 87 | ||
| Consultants. | 87 | ||
| Master Problem List and Working Problem List | 88 | ||
| Hospitalized Patient Records | 90 | ||
| Overview | 90 | ||
| Technician SOAP Notes | 90 | ||
| Subjective/Objective. | 90 | ||
| Assessment. | 92 | ||
| Plan. | 92 | ||
| Notations | 93 | ||
| Medication Administration/Order Record | 93 | ||
| Cage Cards and Patient Identification | 94 | ||
| Discharge and Summary Forms | 98 | ||
| Management of Paper Medical Records | 98 | ||
| Organization and Filing | 98 | ||
| Alphabetic Filing | 99 | ||
| Numeric Filing | 99 | ||
| File Purging | 100 | ||
| Lost Records | 100 | ||
| Management of Electronic Medical Records | 100 | ||
| Overview | 100 | ||
| Validating the Electronic Record | 101 | ||
| Risk of Loss | 101 | ||
| Advantages of Electronic Medical Records | 101 | ||
| Logs | 103 | ||
| Management of Ambulatory Practice Records | 103 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 104 | ||
| Related Associations | 104 | ||
| 4 Occupational Health and Safety in Veterinary Hospitals | 105 | ||
| Outline | 105 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 105 | ||
| Key Terms | 106 | ||
| Introduction | 106 | ||
| Safety | 106 | ||
| Objectives of a Safety Program | 106 | ||
| Your Safety Rights | 106 | ||
| Your Safety Responsibilities | 107 | ||
| The Leadership’s Rights | 107 | ||
| The Leadership’s Responsibilities | 107 | ||
| General Workplace Hazards | 107 | ||
| Dressing Appropriately for the Job | 108 | ||
| Save Your Back! | 108 | ||
| Clean Up After Yourself | 108 | ||
| Everything in Its Place | 109 | ||
| Beware of Break Times | 109 | ||
| Machinery and Equipment | 109 | ||
| Electrical | 109 | ||
| Fire and Evacuation | 110 | ||
| Do Not Become a Victim of Violence | 111 | ||
| Hazardous Chemicals: Right to Know | 111 | ||
| Special Chemicals | 114 | ||
| Ethylene Oxide | 114 | ||
| Formalin | 114 | ||
| Glutaraldehyde | 114 | ||
| Medical and Animal-Related Hazards | 114 | ||
| Noise | 115 | ||
| Bathing, Dipping, and Spraying Areas | 115 | ||
| Zoonotic Diseases | 115 | ||
| Viral Infections | 115 | ||
| Bacterial Infections | 116 | ||
| Lyme Disease. | 116 | ||
| Fungal Infections | 116 | ||
| Internal Parasites | 116 | ||
| Larval Migrans. | 116 | ||
| Protozoal Infections. | 116 | ||
| External Parasites. | 117 | ||
| Nonzoonotic Diseases | 117 | ||
| A Dirty Mouth? Precautions for Dentistry Operations | 117 | ||
| Radiology | 117 | ||
| Anesthesia | 118 | ||
| Compressed Gases | 119 | ||
| Sharps and Medical Waste | 120 | ||
| Hazardous Drugs and Pharmacy Operations | 121 | ||
| Internet Resources/Recommended Reading | 122 | ||
| 2 Patient Management and Nutrition | 123 | ||
| 5 Animal Behavior | 123 | ||
| Outline | 123 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 123 | ||
| Key Terms | 124 | ||
| Introduction—Why Behavior? | 124 | ||
| The Technician’s Role in Behavior Counseling | 125 | ||
| Technician Specialists in Behavior | 125 | ||
| Taking a Behavior-Specific History | 125 | ||
| Learning and Animal Behavior Modification | 126 | ||
| Associative Learning | 126 | ||
| Classical and Operant Conditioning | 127 | ||
| Extinction | 128 | ||
| Addressing Respondent Fear | 128 | ||
| Systematic Desensitization | 128 | ||
| Counter Conditioning | 129 | ||
| Flooding | 129 | ||
| Preventing Behavior Problems | 129 | ||
| Step 1: Elicit and Reinforce Appropriate Behavior | 130 | ||
| Step 2: Prevent or Minimize Inappropriate Behavior | 130 | ||
| Crate Training | 130 | ||
| Step 3: Meet the Pet’s Behavioral and Developmental Needs | 131 | ||
| Step 4: Use the “Take Away” Method (Negative Punishment) to Discourage Inappropriate Behavior | 132 | ||
| Step 5: Minimize Discipline (Positive Punishment) and Use It Correctly When Necessary | 132 | ||
| Habituation to Handling | 133 | ||
| Choosing a Pet | 133 | ||
| Medications and Treating Behavior Problems | 134 | ||
| Canine | 134 | ||
| Development | 134 | ||
| Social Behavior | 137 | ||
| Reading Canine Body Language | 139 | ||
| Coping With Behavior in the Clinic | 140 | ||
| Introducing a New Dog | 141 | ||
| Common Behavior Problems | 142 | ||
| Unruly Behaviors | 142 | ||
| Fear, Phobias, and Anxiety | 142 | ||
| Destructive Behavior | 143 | ||
| Canine Aggression | 144 | ||
| House Soiling | 145 | ||
| Cognitive Dysfunction | 146 | ||
| Feline | 147 | ||
| Development | 147 | ||
| Social Behavior | 147 | ||
| Reading Feline Body Language | 148 | ||
| Coping With Feline Behavior in the Clinic | 148 | ||
| Introducing a New Cat | 149 | ||
| Common Behavior Problems | 149 | ||
| Unruly Behaviors | 149 | ||
| Destructive Behavior | 149 | ||
| Feline Aggression | 150 | ||
| Inter-Cat Aggression. | 150 | ||
| Aggression Toward People. | 150 | ||
| House Soiling | 151 | ||
| Cognitive Dysfunction | 154 | ||
| Equine | 154 | ||
| Communication and the Senses | 154 | ||
| Social Behavior | 156 | ||
| Prey Behavior | 157 | ||
| Sexual Behavior of the Mare | 157 | ||
| Sexual Behavior of the Stallion | 158 | ||
| Maternal Behavior | 159 | ||
| Foal Rejection | 159 | ||
| Common Behavior Problems | 160 | ||
| Repetitive Behaviors (Stable Vices) | 160 | ||
| Equine Aggression | 160 | ||
| Inter-Horse Aggression. | 160 | ||
| Aggression Toward Humans. | 161 | ||
| Cattle and Small Ruminants | 161 | ||
| Species-Typical Behaviors | 161 | ||
| Dominant/Aggressive Behaviors | 162 | ||
| Submissive Behaviors | 162 | ||
| Sexual Behavior | 162 | ||
| Maternal Behavior | 163 | ||
| Common Behavior Problems | 163 | ||
| Buller Steer Syndrome | 163 | ||
| Aggression Toward Humans | 163 | ||
| References | 163 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 164 | ||
| 6 Restraint and Handling of Animals | 165 | ||
| Outline | 165 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 165 | ||
| Key Terms | 166 | ||
| Introduction | 166 | ||
| Indications for Restraint | 166 | ||
| The Approach | 167 | ||
| Observing the Pet Before Approaching | 167 | ||
| Approaching the Pet | 168 | ||
| Capture | 169 | ||
| Capturing a Dog | 169 | ||
| Capturing a Cat | 170 | ||
| Removing a Pet From a Hospital Cage | 171 | ||
| Canine Restraint | 171 | ||
| Options for Restraining a Well-Behaved Dog | 171 | ||
| Options for Restraining an Uncooperative Dog | 172 | ||
| Muzzle | 172 | ||
| Towel | 173 | ||
| Chemical Restraint | 174 | ||
| Feline Restraint | 174 | ||
| Options for Restraining a Well-Behaved Cat | 174 | ||
| Options for Restraining an Uncooperative Cat | 174 | ||
| Towel | 174 | ||
| Scruffing and Alternative Holds | 174 | ||
| Muzzle | 174 | ||
| Gloves, Cat Bag, and Other Devices | 175 | ||
| Chemical Restraint | 176 | ||
| Restraining Dogs and Cats for Specific Procedures | 176 | ||
| Restraint for Venipuncture | 176 | ||
| Restraint for Nail Trimming | 177 | ||
| Introduction to Equine Restraint | 178 | ||
| The Approach | 179 | ||
| Capture of the Equine | 180 | ||
| Adult Equine Restraint Techniques and Devices | 181 | ||
| Juvenile Equine and Foal Restraint Techniques | 183 | ||
| Equine Restraint: Special Circumstances for Specific Procedures | 185 | ||
| Capture and Restraint of Cattle | 187 | ||
| The Approach | 187 | ||
| Low-Stress Handling | 187 | ||
| Capture | 188 | ||
| Restraint Techniques and Devices | 190 | ||
| Additional Head Restraint | 191 | ||
| Tail Restraint | 191 | ||
| Foot Control and Restraint | 191 | ||
| Casting Cows | 192 | ||
| Capture and Restraint of Swine | 193 | ||
| Observation | 193 | ||
| Approach | 193 | ||
| Capture and Restraint Techniques | 194 | ||
| Pet Pigs | 195 | ||
| Capture and Restraint of Small Ruminants | 195 | ||
| Observation | 195 | ||
| Approach | 195 | ||
| Capture | 196 | ||
| Individual Restraint | 196 | ||
| Restraint Techniques for Camelids | 197 | ||
| Capture and Restraint of Avian and Exotic Species | 197 | ||
| Restraint of Avian Species | 197 | ||
| Psittacines | 197 | ||
| Observation and Approach. | 198 | ||
| Restraint Techniques. | 198 | ||
| Chemical Restraint. | 200 | ||
| Passerines | 200 | ||
| Birds of Prey | 200 | ||
| Restraint of Small Mammals | 200 | ||
| Rabbits | 200 | ||
| Restraint | 200 | ||
| Chemical Restraint. | 201 | ||
| Guinea Pigs and Chinchillas | 201 | ||
| Ferrets | 201 | ||
| Restraint | 202 | ||
| Chemical Restraint. | 202 | ||
| Hamsters, Mice, Hedgehogs, Sugar Gliders, and Gerbils | 202 | ||
| Handling and Restraint of Reptiles | 203 | ||
| Lizards | 203 | ||
| Snakes | 204 | ||
| Turtles and Tortoises | 205 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 205 | ||
| Canine and Feline Restraint and Handling | 205 | ||
| Equine Restraint and Handling | 205 | ||
| Equine-Related Websites | 206 | ||
| Cattle, Swine, Small Ruminants, and Camelids | 206 | ||
| Restraint and Handling of Exotic Species | 206 | ||
| 7 History and Physical Examination | 207 | ||
| Outline | 207 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 207 | ||
| Key Terms | 208 | ||
| Introduction | 208 | ||
| History and Physical Examination of Small Animals | 208 | ||
| History | 208 | ||
| The Role of the Veterinary Technician | 209 | ||
| Developing Rapport With the Client | 209 | ||
| Asking the Questions | 209 | ||
| Documenting the Information | 209 | ||
| The Information | 210 | ||
| Signalment | 210 | ||
| Background Information | 210 | ||
| General Management. | 210 | ||
| Preventive Medicine. | 210 | ||
| Behavioral Information. | 210 | ||
| Household Information. | 210 | ||
| Allergy History. | 210 | ||
| Reproductive History. | 210 | ||
| Pertinent Past Medical History | 210 | ||
| Presenting Complaint | 211 | ||
| Last Normal | 211 | ||
| Progression | 211 | ||
| Systems Review | 211 | ||
| Medications | 211 | ||
| Physical Examination | 211 | ||
| Documenting the Information | 213 | ||
| Surroundings | 213 | ||
| Temperature, Pulse, and Respiration | 213 | ||
| Systems Review | 214 | ||
| Oropharyngeal System | 215 | ||
| Eyes | 215 | ||
| Ears | 216 | ||
| Respiratory System | 218 | ||
| Cardiovascular System | 219 | ||
| Gastrointestinal System | 221 | ||
| Rectal Examination | 222 | ||
| Urogenital | 223 | ||
| Integument | 224 | ||
| Lymph Nodes | 224 | ||
| Musculoskeletal System | 225 | ||
| Nervous System | 226 | ||
| History and Physical Examination of Large Animals | 227 | ||
| History | 228 | ||
| Owner/Agent Information | 228 | ||
| Signalment of the Animal | 228 | ||
| Individual History and Chief Complaint | 228 | ||
| Medication and Treatment History | 229 | ||
| Herd Health History | 229 | ||
| Physical Examination of Large Animals | 230 | ||
| Physical Examination of the Equine | 230 | ||
| Getting Started | 230 | ||
| Body Temperature | 231 | ||
| Pulse Rate and Heart Rate | 232 | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 234 | ||
| Heart Auscultation | 234 | ||
| Lung Auscultation | 235 | ||
| Abdominal Auscultation | 235 | ||
| Mucous Membranes | 236 | ||
| Hydration Status | 237 | ||
| Height and Weight Measurement | 237 | ||
| Physical Examination of Ruminants | 238 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 240 | ||
| 8 Preventive Health Programs | 241 | ||
| Outline | 241 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 241 | ||
| Key Terms | 241 | ||
| Introduction | 242 | ||
| Preventive Health Programs for Dogs and Cats | 242 | ||
| Lifelong Wellness | 242 | ||
| Wellness in Puppies and Kittens | 242 | ||
| Wellness in Adult Dogs and in Adult and Mature Cats | 243 | ||
| Senior and Geriatric Animal Wellness | 243 | ||
| Grooming | 244 | ||
| Immunity | 244 | ||
| Active Immunity Versus Passive Immunity | 244 | ||
| Vaccine Types | 245 | ||
| Storage, Reconstitution, and Dosing | 245 | ||
| Routes of Administration | 246 | ||
| Core Versus Noncore Vaccines | 247 | ||
| Onset and Duration of Immunity | 247 | ||
| Feline Immunizations | 252 | ||
| Rabies Vaccine (Noncore Vaccine). | 252 | ||
| Feline Herpesvirus Type 1 and Feline Calicivirus Vaccines (Core Vaccines). | 252 | ||
| Feline Panleukopenia Virus Vaccine (Core Vaccine). | 252 | ||
| Feline Leukemia Virus Vaccine (Noncore Vaccine). | 252 | ||
| Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine (Noncore Vaccine). | 253 | ||
| Chlamydophila felis Vaccine (Noncore Vaccine). | 253 | ||
| Bordetella bronchiseptica Vaccine (Noncore Vaccine). | 253 | ||
| Feline Coronavirus Vaccine (Noncore Vaccine). | 253 | ||
| Giardia lamblia Vaccine (Noncore Vaccine). | 253 | ||
| Canine Immunizations | 253 | ||
| Rabies Vaccine (Core Vaccine). | 253 | ||
| Canine Distemper Virus Vaccine (Core Vaccine). | 253 | ||
| Canine Adenovirus Type 2 Vaccine (Core Vaccine). | 254 | ||
| Canine Parvovirus Vaccine (Core Vaccine). | 254 | ||
| Canine Parainfluenza Virus Vaccine (Noncore Vaccine). | 254 | ||
| Leptospirosis (Noncore Vaccine). | 254 | ||
| Bordetella bronchiseptica (Noncore Vaccine). | 255 | ||
| Borrelia burgdorferi Vaccine (Noncore Vaccine). | 255 | ||
| Canine Influenza Vaccine (Noncore Vaccine). | 255 | ||
| Canine Coronavirus Vaccine (Noncore Vaccine). | 255 | ||
| Adverse Vaccine Events | 255 | ||
| Parasite Prevention | 256 | ||
| Preventive Health Program for Horses | 256 | ||
| Physical Examination | 257 | ||
| Vaccinations | 257 | ||
| Tetanus Vaccines | 265 | ||
| Western, Eastern, and Venezuelan Encephalitis Vaccines | 265 | ||
| Equine Herpesvirus Vaccines | 266 | ||
| Equine Influenza Vaccines | 266 | ||
| Strangles Vaccines | 266 | ||
| Equine Viral Arteritis Vaccine | 266 | ||
| Potomac Horse Fever Vaccines | 266 | ||
| Botulism Vaccine | 266 | ||
| Anthrax Vaccine | 266 | ||
| Rabies Vaccines | 267 | ||
| West Nile Virus Vaccines | 267 | ||
| Parasites | 267 | ||
| Dental Care | 267 | ||
| Hoof Care | 268 | ||
| Nutrition | 268 | ||
| Preventive Health Programs for Livestock Species | 268 | ||
| Swine | 268 | ||
| Birth to Weaning | 268 | ||
| Growing Pigs | 268 | ||
| Breeding Animals | 269 | ||
| Cattle | 269 | ||
| Birth to Weaning | 269 | ||
| Growing Cattle | 270 | ||
| Breeding Animals | 270 | ||
| Small Ruminants: Sheep and Goats | 271 | ||
| Newborn and Growing Animals | 271 | ||
| The Breeding Herd | 272 | ||
| Summary | 273 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 273 | ||
| Dogs and Cats | 273 | ||
| Horses | 273 | ||
| Livestock | 273 | ||
| 9 Companion Animal Nutrition | 274 | ||
| Outline | 274 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 275 | ||
| Key Terms | 275 | ||
| Introduction | 275 | ||
| Nutrients | 275 | ||
| Water | 276 | ||
| Protein | 276 | ||
| Fat | 276 | ||
| Carbohydrate | 277 | ||
| Fiber | 277 | ||
| Vitamins | 277 | ||
| Minerals | 277 | ||
| Supplements | 278 | ||
| Energy | 278 | ||
| Food Intake and Regulation | 278 | ||
| Energy Units | 278 | ||
| Energy Partitioning | 278 | ||
| Metabolizable Energy Measurement | 278 | ||
| Atwater Factors | 279 | ||
| Energy Density | 279 | ||
| Measurements of Energy Expenditure | 279 | ||
| Protein | 280 | ||
| Dietary Requirements | 280 | ||
| Protein Quality | 281 | ||
| Fat | 281 | ||
| Structure | 281 | ||
| 3 Clinical Sciences | 367 | ||
| 12 Hematology and Cytology | 367 | ||
| Outline | 367 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 367 | ||
| Key Terms | 368 | ||
| Introduction | 368 | ||
| Hematology | 368 | ||
| Complete Blood Count | 368 | ||
| Automated Hematology Analyzers | 369 | ||
| Packed Cell Volume | 369 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Count | 370 | ||
| Hemoglobin Concentration | 371 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Indices | 371 | ||
| Red Cell Distribution Width | 371 | ||
| Plasma Protein Concentration | 371 | ||
| White Blood Cell Count | 372 | ||
| Platelet Count | 373 | ||
| Preparation of Blood Smears | 373 | ||
| Blood Smear Evaluation | 374 | ||
| Platelets | 376 | ||
| Red Blood Cells | 377 | ||
| White Blood Cells | 381 | ||
| Neutrophils. | 383 | ||
| Eosinophils. | 383 | ||
| Basophils. | 383 | ||
| Lymphocytes. | 384 | ||
| Monocytes. | 384 | ||
| Other Cells. | 384 | ||
| Coagulation Testing | 384 | ||
| Cytology | 386 | ||
| Solid Tissue Masses and Enlarged Organs | 386 | ||
| Thoracic and Abdominal Effusions | 387 | ||
| Synovial (Joint) Fluid | 387 | ||
| Stains, Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometry, and DNA-Based Testing | 388 | ||
| Submission of Samples to a Reference Laboratory | 388 | ||
| Otic Cytology | 389 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 390 | ||
| Hematology | 390 | ||
| Cytology | 390 | ||
| 13 Clinical Chemistry, Serology, and Urinalysis | 391 | ||
| Outline | 391 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 391 | ||
| Key Terms | 391 | ||
| Introduction | 391 | ||
| Clinical Chemistry | 392 | ||
| Preanalytical Factors | 393 | ||
| Analytical Factors | 394 | ||
| Chemistry Analyzers | 394 | ||
| Quality Control | 395 | ||
| Serology | 396 | ||
| Types of Serologic Tests | 397 | ||
| Urinalysis | 398 | ||
| Equipment and Collection | 398 | ||
| Color and Turbidity | 398 | ||
| Specific Gravity | 398 | ||
| Chemical Evaluation | 399 | ||
| pH | 399 | ||
| Protein | 399 | ||
| Glucose | 400 | ||
| Ketones | 400 | ||
| Bilirubin | 400 | ||
| Blood or Heme | 400 | ||
| Microscopic Examination | 400 | ||
| Cellular Elements | 401 | ||
| Casts | 402 | ||
| Crystals | 402 | ||
| Microorganisms | 404 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 404 | ||
| Chemistry | 404 | ||
| Quality Control | 404 | ||
| Serology | 404 | ||
| Urinalysis | 404 | ||
| 14 Parasitology | 405 | ||
| Outline | 405 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 405 | ||
| Key Terms | 406 | ||
| Introduction | 406 | ||
| The Veterinary Technician’s Role in Educating Clients Regarding Zoonotic Parasitic Diseases of Small Animals | 407 | ||
| Trematodes (Flukes) of Zoonotic Importance | 407 | ||
| Paragonimus kellicotti (Lung Fluke of Dogs and Cats) | 407 | ||
| Species Affected | 409 | ||
| Key Clinical Signs of Infected Animals | 409 | ||
| Abbreviated Life Cycle | 409 | ||
| Laboratory Test(s) Used to Diagnose the Infection | 409 | ||
| Zoonotic Potential for Clients | 409 | ||
| Treatment | 409 | ||
| Prevention and Control Techniques | 409 | ||
| Avian Schistosomes (Causative Agent of Schistosome Cercarial Dermatitis) | 409 | ||
| Species Affected | 410 | ||
| Location of Parasite Within Host | 410 | ||
| Key Clinical Signs of Infected Animals | 410 | ||
| Abbreviated Life Cycle | 410 | ||
| Laboratory Test(s) Used to Diagnose the Infection | 411 | ||
| Zoonotic Potential for Clients | 411 | ||
| Treatment | 411 | ||
| Prevention and Control Techniques | 411 | ||
| Cestodes (Tapeworms) and Metacestodes (Larval Tapeworms) of Zoonotic Importance | 411 | ||
| Dipylidium caninum (Cucumber Seed Tapeworm, Double-Pored Tapeworm) | 411 | ||
| Species Affected | 411 | ||
| Key Clinical Signs of Infected Animals | 412 | ||
| Abbreviated Life Cycle | 412 | ||
| Laboratory Test(s) Used to Diagnose the Infection | 413 | ||
| Zoonotic Potential for Clients | 414 | ||
| Treatment | 414 | ||
| Prevention and Control Techniques | 414 | ||
| Echinococcus granulosus/Echinococcus multilocularis | 414 | ||
| Species Affected | 414 | ||
| Key Clinical Signs of Infected Animals | 414 | ||
| Abbreviated Life Cycle | 415 | ||
| Laboratory Test(s) Used to Diagnose the Infection | 415 | ||
| Zoonotic Potential for Clients | 415 | ||
| Treatment | 415 | ||
| Prevention and Control Techniques | 415 | ||
| Spirometra mansonoides | 416 | ||
| Species Affected | 416 | ||
| Location of Parasite Within Hosts | 416 | ||
| Key Clinical Signs of Infected Animals | 416 | ||
| Abbreviated Life Cycle | 416 | ||
| Laboratory Test(s) Used to Diagnose the Infection | 417 | ||
| Zoonotic Potential for Clients | 417 | ||
| Treatment | 417 | ||
| Prevention and Control Techniques | 417 | ||
| Nematodes—Roundworms of Zoonotic Importance | 417 | ||
| Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Toxascaris leonina (Ascarids and Roundworms)—Visceral Larva Migrans and Ocular Larva Migrans | 417 | ||
| Species Affected | 417 | ||
| Key Clinical Signs of Infected Animals | 418 | ||
| Abbreviated Life Cycle | 418 | ||
| Laboratory Test(s) Used to Diagnose the Infection | 418 | ||
| Zoonotic Potential for Clients | 418 | ||
| Treatment | 419 | ||
| Prevention and Control Techniques | 419 | ||
| Baylisascaris procyonis—Neurologic Larva Migrans | 419 | ||
| Species Affected | 419 | ||
| Location of Parasite Within Host | 419 | ||
| Key Clinical Signs of Infected Animals | 419 | ||
| Abbreviated Life Cycle | 419 | ||
| Laboratory Test(s) Used to Diagnose the Infection | 420 | ||
| Zoonotic Potential for Clients | 420 | ||
| Treatment | 420 | ||
| Prevention and Control Techniques | 420 | ||
| Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma braziliense, and Ancylostoma tubaeforme; Uncinaria stenocephala (Hookworms)—Cutaneous Larva Migrans (Creeping Eruption, Plumber’s Itch, Sandworms) | 420 | ||
| Species Affected | 420 | ||
| Key Clinical Signs of Infected Animals | 420 | ||
| Abbreviated Life Cycle | 421 | ||
| Laboratory Test(s) Used to Diagnose the Infection | 421 | ||
| Zoonotic Potential for Clients | 421 | ||
| Treatment | 422 | ||
| Prevention and Control Techniques | 422 | ||
| Trichuris vulpis (Whipworms)—Trichuriasis | 422 | ||
| Species Affected | 422 | ||
| Location of Parasite Within Host | 422 | ||
| Key Clinical Signs of Affected Animals | 422 | ||
| Abbreviated Life Cycle | 423 | ||
| Laboratory Test(s) Used to Diagnose the Infection | 423 | ||
| Zoonotic Potential for Clients | 423 | ||
| Treatment | 423 | ||
| Prevention and Control Techniques | 423 | ||
| Strongyloides stercoralis and Strongyloides cati; (Threadworms)—Strongyloidosis Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus (Feline Lungworm) | 423 | ||
| Species Affected | 423 | ||
| Key Clinical Signs of Infected Animals | 423 | ||
| Abbreviated Life Cycle | 424 | ||
| Laboratory Test(s) Used to Diagnose the Infection | 424 | ||
| Zoonotic Potential for Clients | 424 | ||
| Treatment | 424 | ||
| Prevention and Control Techniques | 424 | ||
| Enterobius vermicularis (Human Pinworm)—Enterobiasis | 425 | ||
| Species Affected | 425 | ||
| Location of Parasite Within Host | 425 | ||
| Key Clinical Signs of Infected Animals | 425 | ||
| Abbreviated Life Cycle | 425 | ||
| Laboratory Test(s) Used to Diagnose the Infection | 425 | ||
| Zoonotic Potential for Clients | 425 | ||
| Treatment | 425 | ||
| Prevention and Control Techniques | 425 | ||
| Dirofilaria immitis (Heartworm)—Human Dirofilariasis | 426 | ||
| Species Affected | 426 | ||
| Key Clinical Signs of Infected Animals | 426 | ||
| Abbreviated Life Cycle | 426 | ||
| Laboratory Test(s) Used to Diagnose the Infection | 427 | ||
| Zoonotic Potential for Clients | 427 | ||
| Treatment for Animals | 427 | ||
| Prevention and Control Techniques | 427 | ||
| Arthropods of Zoonotic Importance | 427 | ||
| Acarines (Mites and Ticks) | 427 | ||
| Sarcoptes scabei | 427 | ||
| Species Affected. | 427 | ||
| Key Clinical Signs of Infected Animals. | 427 | ||
| Abbreviated Life Cycle. | 427 | ||
| Laboratory Test(s) Used to Diagnose the Infection. | 427 | ||
| Zoonotic Potential for Clients. | 427 | ||
| Treatment. | 427 | ||
| Prevention and Control Techniques. | 427 | ||
| Otodectes cynotis (Oh-toe-DECK-teez sigh-an-OH-tiss) | 428 | ||
| Demodex canis (DEE-moe-decks KAY-niss) | 428 | ||
| Cheyletiella parasitivorax | 428 | ||
| Species Affected. | 428 | ||
| 4 Medical Nursing | 540 | ||
| 18 Diagnostic Sampling and Therapeutic Techniques | 540 | ||
| Outline | 540 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 541 | ||
| Key Terms | 542 | ||
| Introduction | 542 | ||
| Basic Guidelines | 543 | ||
| Administration of Medication in the Small Animal | 543 | ||
| Oral Administration | 543 | ||
| Orogastric Intubation | 544 | ||
| Transdermal Administration | 545 | ||
| Topical Ophthalmic Administration | 545 | ||
| Aural Administration | 546 | ||
| Intrarectal Administration | 546 | ||
| Intranasal Administration | 546 | ||
| Intradermal Administration | 546 | ||
| Subcutaneous Administration | 547 | ||
| Intramuscular Administration | 547 | ||
| Intravenous Administration | 547 | ||
| Intravenous Catheter Placement | 548 | ||
| Peripheral Vein Catheterization | 548 | ||
| Jugular Vein Catheterization | 551 | ||
| Intravenous Catheter Maintenance | 553 | ||
| Intravenous Chemotherapy Administration | 554 | ||
| Intratracheal Administration | 555 | ||
| Intraosseous Administration | 556 | ||
| Intraperitoneal Administration | 556 | ||
| Sampling Techniques in the Small Animal | 556 | ||
| Blood Sample Collection | 556 | ||
| Cephalic Venipuncture | 558 | ||
| Jugular Venipuncture | 558 | ||
| Lateral Saphenous Venipuncture | 558 | ||
| Medial Saphenous or Femoral Venipuncture | 559 | ||
| Marginal Ear Venipuncture | 560 | ||
| Arterial Blood Sample | 560 | ||
| Dorsal Metatarsal Artery Sample | 560 | ||
| Femoral Artery Sample | 560 | ||
| Arterial Catheter Placement | 561 | ||
| Urine Sample Collection | 561 | ||
| Voided Collection | 561 | ||
| Manual Bladder Expression | 562 | ||
| Cystocentesis | 562 | ||
| Catheterization | 563 | ||
| Male Dog | 564 | ||
| Female Dog | 565 | ||
| Male Cat | 565 | ||
| Female Cat | 566 | ||
| Fecal Sample Collection | 566 | ||
| Thoracocentesis | 566 | ||
| Materials Needed | 566 | ||
| Procedure | 566 | ||
| Abdominocentesis | 567 | ||
| Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage (DPL) | 568 | ||
| Materials Needed | 568 | ||
| Procedure | 568 | ||
| Transtracheal Wash | 568 | ||
| Percutaneous Technique | 569 | ||
| Method 1: Two-Catheter System | 569 | ||
| 5 Emergency and Critical Care | 818 | ||
| 25 Fluid Therapy and Transfusion Medicine | 818 | ||
| Outline | 818 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 818 | ||
| Key Terms | 818 | ||
| Introduction | 819 | ||
| Fluid Therapy | 819 | ||
| Indications for Fluid Therapy | 819 | ||
| Body Fluid Compartments | 819 | ||
| Types of Intravenous Fluids | 820 | ||
| Crystalloids | 820 | ||
| Colloids | 821 | ||
| Specifics of Fluid Administration | 821 | ||
| Phases of Fluid Therapy | 821 | ||
| Resuscitation Phase. | 821 | ||
| Replacement Phase. | 822 | ||
| Maintenance Phase. | 823 | ||
| Routes of Administration | 823 | ||
| Intravenous Route. | 823 | ||
| Subcutaneous Route. | 826 | ||
| Intraosseous Route. | 827 | ||
| Enteral Route. | 827 | ||
| Fluid Additives | 827 | ||
| Potassium | 827 | ||
| Dextrose | 828 | ||
| Sodium Bicarbonate | 828 | ||
| Monitoring Fluid Therapy | 829 | ||
| Resuscitation Phase | 829 | ||
| Replacement Phase | 829 | ||
| Complications of Fluid Therapy | 830 | ||
| Transfusion Medicine | 830 | ||
| Indications for Blood and Plasma Transfusion | 830 | ||
| Blood Donors | 831 | ||
| Pretransfusion Testing | 831 | ||
| Blood Typing | 831 | ||
| Antibody Screen | 833 | ||
| Cross-Matching | 833 | ||
| Blood Collection | 833 | ||
| Blood Products | 835 | ||
| Blood Product Administration | 835 | ||
| Determination of Volume and Rate | 836 | ||
| Monitoring and Transfusion Reactions | 836 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 838 | ||
| 26 Emergency and Critical Care Nursing | 839 | ||
| Outline | 839 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 840 | ||
| Key Terms | 840 | ||
| Introduction | 841 | ||
| Emergency and Critical Care Nursing: Small Animal | 841 | ||
| Triage | 841 | ||
| Telephone Triage | 841 | ||
| In-Hospital Triage | 841 | ||
| Respiratory System | 842 | ||
| Cardiovascular System | 843 | ||
| Neurologic System | 843 | ||
| Completing the Initial Triage Examination | 844 | ||
| Assessment of Hydration and Hypovolemia | 844 | ||
| Initial Diagnostics | 845 | ||
| Basic First Aid | 845 | ||
| The Emergency Care Station and Resuscitation Area | 846 | ||
| Crash Cart | 846 | ||
| Shock and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome | 847 | ||
| Reperfusion Injury | 848 | ||
| Advanced Emergency Techniques | 848 | ||
| Abdominocentesis | 848 | ||
| Thoracocentesis | 848 | ||
| Thoracic Drain Placement | 849 | ||
| Tracheostomy Tube Placement | 849 | ||
| Respiratory System Support and Oxygen Therapy | 849 | ||
| Cardiopulmonary Arrest | 851 | ||
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation | 852 | ||
| Basic Life Support | 852 | ||
| Advanced Life Support | 853 | ||
| Care of the Postarrest Patient | 855 | ||
| Patient Monitoring | 856 | ||
| Central Venous Pressure Monitoring | 856 | ||
| Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring | 856 | ||
| Care of the Recumbent Patient | 858 | ||
| Airway and Endotracheal or Tracheostomy Tube Care | 858 | ||
| Patient Comfort | 858 | ||
| Intravenous Catheter Monitoring and Care | 858 | ||
| Nutrition and Hydration | 858 | ||
| Ocular Care | 858 | ||
| Oral Care | 858 | ||
| Range of Motion | 858 | ||
| Urinary Catheter Placement and Care | 858 | ||
| Standards of Care and Emergency Protocols | 858 | ||
| Common Emergencies | 858 | ||
| Respiratory Distress | 858 | ||
| Trauma | 859 | ||
| Acute Abdomen | 859 | ||
| Gastric Dilatation–Volvulus | 859 | ||
| Urethral Obstruction | 860 | ||
| Toxin Exposure | 860 | ||
| Canine and Feline Electrocardiography | 860 | ||
| Principles of Electrocardiography | 860 | ||
| Acquisition of the Electrocardiogram | 860 | ||
| Basic Cardiac Conduction and ECG Waveforms | 861 | ||
| Indications for Electrocardiography | 862 | ||
| Electrocardiographic Analysis | 863 | ||
| Cardiac Arrhythmias | 866 | ||
| Normal Rhythms | 866 | ||
| Normal Sinus Rhythm | 866 | ||
| Sinus Arrhythmia | 866 | ||
| Sinus Bradycardia | 866 | ||
| Sinus Tachycardia | 866 | ||
| Disturbances of Supraventricular Impulse Formation | 867 | ||
| Atrial Premature Complexes | 867 | ||
| Atrial Tachycardia | 867 | ||
| Atrial Flutter | 868 | ||
| Atrial Fibrillation | 868 | ||
| Disturbances of Ventricular Impulse Formation | 868 | ||
| Ventricular Premature Complexes (VPCs) | 868 | ||
| Ventricular Tachycardia | 869 | ||
| Ventricular Fibrillation | 869 | ||
| Ventricular Asystole | 870 | ||
| Disturbances of Impulse Conduction | 870 | ||
| Atrial Standstill | 870 | ||
| First-Degree Atrioventricular Block | 870 | ||
| Second-Degree AV Block | 870 | ||
| Third-Degree AV Block | 870 | ||
| Bundle Branch Block | 871 | ||
| Disturbances of Impulse Formation and Conduction | 872 | ||
| Sick Sinus Syndrome | 872 | ||
| Escape Beats and Escape Rhythms | 872 | ||
| Equine Emergency Nursing | 872 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Tract | 872 | ||
| General Physical Examination | 873 | ||
| Nasogastric Intubation | 874 | ||
| Abdominal Palpation Per Rectum | 875 | ||
| Abdominal Ultrasonography | 875 | ||
| Abdominocentesis | 875 | ||
| Abdominal Radiography | 875 | ||
| Specific Conditions | 876 | ||
| Abdominal Exploration | 876 | ||
| Respiratory Tract | 876 | ||
| General Physical Examination | 877 | ||
| Thoracic Ultrasonography | 878 | ||
| Radiography | 878 | ||
| Upper and Lower Airway Endoscopy | 878 | ||
| Thoracocentesis | 878 | ||
| Transtracheal Wash | 879 | ||
| Oxygen Administration | 880 | ||
| Tracheotomy | 880 | ||
| Musculoskeletal System | 881 | ||
| Fractures | 881 | ||
| Distal Forelimb Fracture | 881 | ||
| Distal to Mid-Forelimb Fracture | 882 | ||
| Mid-Forelimb Fracture | 882 | ||
| Elbow Fracture | 882 | ||
| Proximal Forelimb Fracture | 882 | ||
| Distal Hindlimb Fracture | 882 | ||
| Distal to Mid-Hindlimb Fracture | 882 | ||
| Mid-Hindlimb Fracture | 882 | ||
| Proximal Hindlimb Fracture | 882 | ||
| Soft Tissue Injury | 882 | ||
| Wounds | 883 | ||
| General Examination | 883 | ||
| Arthrocentesis | 883 | ||
| Wound Management | 883 | ||
| Radiography | 884 | ||
| Ultrasonography | 884 | ||
| Wound Closure | 884 | ||
| Emergency and Critical Care Nursing: Food Animal | 884 | ||
| Patient Restraint and Safety | 884 | ||
| Considerations for Drug Use in Food-Producing Animals | 884 | ||
| Gastrointestinal System | 884 | ||
| General Physical Examination | 884 | ||
| Ancillary Diagnostics | 885 | ||
| Emergency Intervention | 885 | ||
| Specific Gastrointestinal Conditions | 885 | ||
| Diarrhea | 885 | ||
| Parasitism | 886 | ||
| Emergencies Involving the Rumen | 886 | ||
| Ruminal Tympany | 886 | ||
| Rumenostomy | 886 | ||
| Choke | 887 | ||
| Rumen Fluid Analysis and Transfaunation | 887 | ||
| Respiratory System | 888 | ||
| Respiratory Distress | 888 | ||
| Tracheostomy | 888 | ||
| Musculoskeletal Injuries | 888 | ||
| Orthopedic Emergencies and Downer Animals | 888 | ||
| Fractures and Joint Luxations | 889 | ||
| Down Animals | 889 | ||
| Dog/Wild Animal Attacks | 890 | ||
| Dystocia and Obstetrical Emergencies | 890 | ||
| Dystocia Box and Equipment | 891 | ||
| Examination | 891 | ||
| Epidural Anesthesia | 892 | ||
| Vaginal Delivery | 892 | ||
| Cesarean Section | 892 | ||
| Uterine Torsion | 892 | ||
| Small Ruminant Dystocias | 893 | ||
| Uterine Prolapse | 893 | ||
| Toxic Metritis and Toxic Mastitis | 893 | ||
| Urolithiasis in Small Ruminants | 893 | ||
| History and Physical Examination | 893 | ||
| Treatment | 894 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 896 | ||
| Recommended Websites | 896 | ||
| 27 Toxicology | 897 | ||
| Outline | 897 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 897 | ||
| Key Terms | 898 | ||
| Introduction | 898 | ||
| Managing Poison Emergencies | 898 | ||
| Assessment of the Patient’s Condition | 899 | ||
| Stabilization of Vital Functions | 899 | ||
| Decontamination | 899 | ||
| External Exposure | 899 | ||
| Ocular Exposure | 899 | ||
| Dermal Exposure | 899 | ||
| Oral Ingestion | 900 | ||
| Dilution | 900 | ||
| Emesis | 900 | ||
| Activated Charcoal | 901 | ||
| Cathartics | 901 | ||
| Enemas | 901 | ||
| Gastric Lavage | 901 | ||
| Enterogastric Lavage | 901 | ||
| Supportive Care | 901 | ||
| Household Hazards | 902 | ||
| Dangerous Food Items | 902 | ||
| Moldy Food | 902 | ||
| Chocolate | 902 | ||
| Onions | 902 | ||
| Macadamia Nuts | 903 | ||
| Bread Dough With Raw Yeast | 903 | ||
| Grapes and Raisins | 904 | ||
| Xylitol | 904 | ||
| Household Cleaning Agents | 904 | ||
| Acids | 904 | ||
| Alkalis | 904 | ||
| Bleaches | 904 | ||
| Detergents | 904 | ||
| Miscellaneous Household Items | 905 | ||
| Zinc | 905 | ||
| Lead | 905 | ||
| Nicotine | 905 | ||
| Silica Gel Packets | 906 | ||
| Toilet Tank Drop-Ins | 906 | ||
| Glow-in-the-Dark Products | 906 | ||
| Batteries | 906 | ||
| Ice/Snow Melts | 906 | ||
| Dangerous Plants | 906 | ||
| Rhododendron Species | 906 | ||
| Cardiac Glycoside–Containing Plants | 906 | ||
| Castor Beans | 907 | ||
| Cycad Palms | 907 | ||
| Lilies | 908 | ||
| Insoluble Calcium Oxalate–Containing Plants | 909 | ||
| Pesticides | 909 | ||
| Ant and Roach Baits | 909 | ||
| Flea/Tick Products | 910 | ||
| Methomyl | 911 | ||
| Metaldehyde | 911 | ||
| Rodenticides | 911 | ||
| Anticoagulants | 911 | ||
| Bromethalin | 912 | ||
| Cholecalciferol | 912 | ||
| Zinc Phosphide | 912 | ||
| Antifreeze Products | 912 | ||
| Ethylene Glycol | 912 | ||
| Methanol | 912 | ||
| Propylene Glycol | 913 | ||
| Human Medications | 913 | ||
| Acetaminophen | 913 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs | 913 | ||
| Aspirin | 913 | ||
| Pseudoephedrine and Amphetamines | 913 | ||
| Isoniazid | 913 | ||
| Calcipotriene | 913 | ||
| 5-Fluorouracil | 913 | ||
| Drugs of Abuse | 914 | ||
| Marijuana | 914 | ||
| Cocaine | 914 | ||
| Ethanol | 914 | ||
| Methamphetamine | 914 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 915 | ||
| 28 Wound Management and Bandaging | 916 | ||
| Outline | 916 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 916 | ||
| Key Terms | 917 | ||
| Introduction | 917 | ||
| Wound Healing | 917 | ||
| Phases of Wound Healing | 917 | ||
| Factors Influencing Wound Healing | 919 | ||
| Patient Factors | 919 | ||
| Wound Factors | 919 | ||
| Concurrent Treatment Factors | 919 | ||
| Small Animal Wound Management | 919 | ||
| Wound Management | 919 | ||
| Immediate Wound Care | 919 | ||
| Wound Debridement | 920 | ||
| Wound Closure | 921 | ||
| Wound Drainage | 922 | ||
| Wound Infection | 922 | ||
| Types of Wounds | 923 | ||
| Abrasions and Lacerations | 923 | ||
| Degloving Injuries | 923 | ||
| Bite Wounds | 923 | ||
| Burns | 923 | ||
| Decubitus Ulcers and Pressure Sores | 924 | ||
| Principles of Bandaging | 924 | ||
| Adherent Primary Layer | 924 | ||
| Nonadherent Primary Layer | 925 | ||
| Bandage, Cast, Splint, and Sling Application in Small Animals | 926 | ||
| Distal Limb Bandages | 926 | ||
| Casts and Splints | 930 | ||
| Slings | 931 | ||
| Bandages for Other Locations | 934 | ||
| Aftercare for Bandages, Splints, Casts, and Slings | 936 | ||
| Large Animal Wound Management | 937 | ||
| Wound Care in Horses | 937 | ||
| Preparing the Wound | 937 | ||
| Local Versus General Anesthesia | 938 | ||
| Exuberant Granulation Tissue in Open Wounds | 938 | ||
| Bandage, Splint, and Cast Application Techniques for Horses | 938 | ||
| Bandages | 939 | ||
| Lower Limb Wound Bandage | 939 | ||
| Lower Limb Support Bandage | 939 | ||
| Splint Application | 940 | ||
| Cast Application | 941 | ||
| Preparation of the Foot | 942 | ||
| Preparation of the Limb Before Cast Application | 942 | ||
| Application of the Cast Material | 944 | ||
| Cast Removal | 946 | ||
| Bandage, Splint, and Cast Application Techniques for Cattle | 946 | ||
| Application of a Claw Block | 946 | ||
| Modified Thomas Splint | 946 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 951 | ||
| Small Animal | 951 | ||
| Large Animal | 951 | ||
| 6 Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pharmacology | 952 | ||
| 29 Pharmacology and Pharmacy | 952 | ||
| Outline | 952 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 952 | ||
| Key Terms | 953 | ||
| Introduction | 953 | ||
| Types of Drugs | 954 | ||
| Drug Administration | 955 | ||
| Dosage Terminology | 955 | ||
| Basic Pharmacokinetics | 956 | ||
| Drug Absorption | 956 | ||
| Drug Distribution | 956 | ||
| Drug Metabolism | 957 | ||
| Drug Elimination | 957 | ||
| Basic Pharmacodynamics | 957 | ||
| MECHANISM OF ACTION | 957 | ||
| Side Effects and Adverse Drug Reactions | 958 | ||
| Impact of Disease on Drug Pharmacokinetics | 958 | ||
| Cardiovascular Disease | 958 | ||
| Kidney Disease | 958 | ||
| Liver Disease | 959 | ||
| Aging and Drug Pharmacokinetics | 959 | ||
| Drug Nomenclature | 959 | ||
| Systemic Approach to Drug Classification | 960 | ||
| Antimicrobial Drugs | 960 | ||
| Antibacterial Drugs | 960 | ||
| Antifungal Drugs | 962 | ||
| Antiparasitic Drugs | 962 | ||
| Endoparasitic Drugs | 962 | ||
| Ectoparasitic Drugs | 963 | ||
| Endocrine Drugs | 964 | ||
| Thyroid Supplementation and Antithyroid Drugs | 964 | ||
| Drugs to Treat Adrenal Disease | 966 | ||
| Insulin | 966 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Drugs | 967 | ||
| Cardiovascular Drugs | 967 | ||
| Diuretics | 967 | ||
| Inotropic Agents | 969 | ||
| Antihypertensives | 969 | ||
| Antiarrhythmics | 969 | ||
| Anticoagulants | 970 | ||
| Respiratory Drugs | 971 | ||
| Anticonvulsants | 971 | ||
| Immunosuppressants | 972 | ||
| Anti-Inflammatory Drugs | 972 | ||
| Dietary Supplements/Nutraceuticals | 972 | ||
| Regulatory Pharmacology | 973 | ||
| Drug Laws and Regulations | 973 | ||
| Extra-Label Drug Use | 973 | ||
| Drug Residues and Withdrawal Times in Food-Producing Animals | 974 | ||
| Drug Compounding | 975 | ||
| The Veterinary Pharmacy | 976 | ||
| Drug Procurement | 976 | ||
| Drug Storage and Disposal | 976 | ||
| Prescribing and Dispensing Drugs | 977 | ||
| Prescription Writing | 977 | ||
| Drug Calculations | 978 | ||
| Converting Between Units of Measure | 978 | ||
| Calculating the Correct Drug Dose | 978 | ||
| Using Percent Solutions | 979 | ||
| Constant Rate Infusion | 979 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 980 | ||
| 30 Pain Management | 981 | ||
| Outline | 981 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 981 | ||
| Key Terms | 981 | ||
| Introduction | 982 | ||
| The Role of the Veterinary Technician as a Patient Advocate | 982 | ||
| Communication | 982 | ||
| Patient Assessment | 982 | ||
| Signs of Pain | 983 | ||
| The Science of Pain Management | 984 | ||
| Pain Is Bad | 984 | ||
| Physiology of Pain | 985 | ||
| Nociception and the Pain Pathway | 985 | ||
| Neuropathic Pain and Wind-Up Phenomenon | 987 | ||
| Treatment of Pain in Small Animals | 988 | ||
| Environmental and Emotional Care | 988 | ||
| Principles of Administering Analgesia | 988 | ||
| Administration of Analgesics and Analgesic Techniques | 989 | ||
| Take-Home Analgesia. | 991 | ||
| Local and Regional Anesthetics | 991 | ||
| Routes of Administration | 991 | ||
| Topical Analgesia. | 991 | ||
| Local Infiltration. | 991 | ||
| Circumferential Ring Block. | 991 | ||
| Dental Nerve Block. | 992 | ||
| Intra-Articular (Joint Space) Anesthesia. | 992 | ||
| Pleural Space. | 992 | ||
| Epidural Nerve Block. | 992 | ||
| Intravenous Analgesia. | 992 | ||
| Opioids | 993 | ||
| Severe Pain | 993 | ||
| Morphine Sulfate (Pure Opioid Agonist). | 993 | ||
| Hydromorphone (Pure Opioid Agonist). | 993 | ||
| Fentanyl Citrate (Pure Opioid Agonist). | 993 | ||
| Moderate to Severe Pain | 993 | ||
| Buprenorphine (Buprenex) (Partial Mu Agonist). | 993 | ||
| Mild Pain | 993 | ||
| Butorphanol Tartrate (Torbugesic) (Mixed Agonist–Antagonist). | 993 | ||
| Opioid Reversal | 994 | ||
| Naloxone Hydrochloride (Pure Opioid Antagonist). | 994 | ||
| Butorphanol Tartrate (Torbugesic) (Mu Antagonist). | 994 | ||
| Alpha2 Agonists | 994 | ||
| Advantages of Alpha2 Agonists Over Other Sedatives. | 994 | ||
| Constant Rate Infusion | 995 | ||
| Drugs Commonly Administered via CRI. | 995 | ||
| Morphine–Lidocaine–Ketamine. | 995 | ||
| Dexmedetomidine. | 995 | ||
| Neuropathic Pain Reliever. | 996 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Treatment Options | 996 | ||
| Treatment of Pain in Large Animals | 996 | ||
| Identifying and Anticipating Pain | 997 | ||
| Treating Pain in Large Animals | 998 | ||
| NSAIDs | 1002 | ||
| Opioids | 1002 | ||
| Alpha2 Agonists | 1002 | ||
| Local Anesthetic Drugs | 1003 | ||
| Miscellaneous Agents | 1003 | ||
| Ketamine. | 1003 | ||
| Antispasmodic Agents. | 1003 | ||
| Joint Supplements and Chondroprotective Agents | 1003 | ||
| Alternative and Complementary Therapy | 1003 | ||
| Good Husbandry | 1004 | ||
| Species-Specific Information | 1004 | ||
| Horses | 1004 | ||
| Cattle, Sheep, and Goats | 1005 | ||
| Drug Residues in Meat and Milk | 1005 | ||
| Camelids | 1006 | ||
| Pigs | 1006 | ||
| Summary | 1006 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 1007 | ||
| 31 Veterinary Anesthesia | 1008 | ||
| Outline | 1008 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 1009 | ||
| Key Terms | 1010 | ||
| Introduction | 1010 | ||
| What Is Anesthesia? | 1010 | ||
| Patient Preparation | 1011 | ||
| Fasting Recommendations | 1011 | ||
| Patient Stabilization | 1012 | ||
| Physical Status Classification | 1012 | ||
| Anesthetic Agents | 1012 | ||
| Agonists, Partial Agonists, Mixed Agonist–Antagonists, and Antagonists | 1012 | ||
| Anticholinergics | 1012 | ||
| Tranquilizers and Sedatives | 1013 | ||
| Phenothiazine Tranquilizers | 1013 | ||
| Benzodiazepine Tranquilizers | 1013 | ||
| Alpha2 Adrenergic Drugs | 1014 | ||
| Opioids | 1015 | ||
| Propofol | 1016 | ||
| Alfaxalone | 1016 | ||
| Dissociatives | 1017 | ||
| Barbiturates | 1017 | ||
| Etomidate | 1017 | ||
| Guaifenesin | 1018 | ||
| Inhalant Anesthetics | 1018 | ||
| Halogenated Anesthetics | 1018 | ||
| Anesthesia Equipment | 1018 | ||
| Endotracheal Tubes | 1018 | ||
| Laryngoscopes | 1019 | ||
| Supraglottic Airway Devices | 1019 | ||
| Masks | 1020 | ||
| Anesthetic Chambers | 1020 | ||
| The Anesthesia Machine | 1021 | ||
| Preparing the Machine | 1021 | ||
| Machine Assembly | 1022 | ||
| Checking for Leaks | 1022 | ||
| Setting the Pop-off Valve | 1022 | ||
| The Carrier Gas Supply | 1022 | ||
| Anesthetic Vaporizers | 1024 | ||
| Precision Vaporizers | 1025 | ||
| Nonprecision Vaporizers | 1026 | ||
| Vaporizer Inlet Port and Outlet Port and the Fresh Gas Inlet | 1026 | ||
| Breathing Circuits | 1026 | ||
| Rebreathing Circuit Parts | 1027 | ||
| Scavenging System | 1029 | ||
| Maintenance of the Anesthesia Machine | 1029 | ||
| Principles of Endotracheal Intubation | 1030 | ||
| Selecting a Tube | 1030 | ||
| Preparing the Tube | 1030 | ||
| Intubation Procedures | 1030 | ||
| Intubation Procedure for Small Animals | 1030 | ||
| Intubation Procedure for Horses | 1031 | ||
| Intubation Procedure for Adult Cattle | 1032 | ||
| Intubation Procedure for Small Ruminants and Small or Young Cattle | 1032 | ||
| Checking for Proper Placement | 1032 | ||
| Cuff Inflation | 1033 | ||
| Laryngospasm | 1033 | ||
| Complications of Intubation | 1033 | ||
| Monitoring the Anesthetized Patient | 1033 | ||
| Stages and Planes of Anesthesia | 1034 | ||
| Stage I—Period of Voluntary Movement | 1034 | ||
| Stage II—Period of Involuntary Movement | 1034 | ||
| Stage III—Period of Surgical Anesthesia | 1034 | ||
| Stage IV—Period of Anesthetic Overdose | 1034 | ||
| Principles of Monitoring | 1035 | ||
| Vital Signs | 1035 | ||
| Indicators of Circulation | 1035 | ||
| Indicators of Oxygenation | 1037 | ||
| Indicators of Ventilation | 1037 | ||
| Reflexes and Other Indicators of Depth of Anesthesia | 1039 | ||
| Response to Surgical Stimulation | 1039 | ||
| Monitoring Equipment | 1040 | ||
| Mechanical Indicators of Circulation | 1040 | ||
| Mechanical Indicators of Oxygenation | 1042 | ||
| Mechanical Indicators of Ventilation | 1043 | ||
| Small Animal Anesthesia | 1045 | ||
| Selecting a Protocol | 1045 | ||
| Equipment Preparation | 1045 | ||
| The Preanesthetic Period | 1045 | ||
| Induction of Anesthesia | 1046 | ||
| Intravenous Induction | 1046 | ||
| Propofol. | 1047 | ||
| Ketamine-Diazepam or Ketamine-Midazolam. | 1047 | ||
| Alfaxalone. | 1047 | ||
| Intramuscular Induction | 1047 | ||
| Mask Induction | 1047 | ||
| Chamber Induction | 1048 | ||
| Maintenance of Anesthesia | 1048 | ||
| Patient Positioning, Comfort, and Safety | 1048 | ||
| Recovery From Anesthesia | 1049 | ||
| Preparation for Recovery | 1049 | ||
| Monitoring During Recovery | 1049 | ||
| Signs of Recovery | 1049 | ||
| Extubation | 1049 | ||
| The Postanesthetic Period | 1049 | ||
| Equine Anesthesia | 1049 | ||
| Selecting a Protocol | 1049 | ||
| Equipment Preparation | 1050 | ||
| The Preanesthetic Period | 1050 | ||
| Induction of Anesthesia | 1051 | ||
| Intravenous Induction | 1051 | ||
| Maintenance of Anesthesia | 1051 | ||
| Recovery From Anesthesia | 1052 | ||
| Preparation for Recovery | 1052 | ||
| Monitoring During Recovery | 1053 | ||
| Signs of Recovery | 1053 | ||
| Extubation | 1053 | ||
| The Postanesthetic Period | 1053 | ||
| Ruminant Anesthesia | 1053 | ||
| Selecting a Protocol | 1054 | ||
| Preanesthetic Fasting | 1054 | ||
| Equipment Preparation | 1055 | ||
| The Preanesthetic Period | 1055 | ||
| Induction of Anesthesia | 1055 | ||
| Intravenous Induction | 1055 | ||
| Maintenance of Anesthesia | 1056 | ||
| Recovery From Anesthesia | 1056 | ||
| Preparation for Recovery | 1056 | ||
| Monitoring During Recovery | 1056 | ||
| Signs of Recovery | 1056 | ||
| Extubation | 1056 | ||
| The Postanesthetic Period | 1056 | ||
| Manual and Mechanical Ventilation | 1057 | ||
| Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies | 1057 | ||
| Inadequate or Excessive Oxygen Flow | 1057 | ||
| Saturation of Carbon Dioxide Absorbent Granules | 1058 | ||
| A Patient That Will Not Stay Asleep | 1058 | ||
| Excessive Depth of Anesthesia | 1058 | ||
| Apnea and Hypoventilation | 1058 | ||
| Hypotension | 1058 | ||
| Cyanosis | 1058 | ||
| Vomiting or Regurgitation | 1059 | ||
| Prolonged Recovery | 1059 | ||
| Rough Recovery | 1059 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 1059 | ||
| Recommended Websites | 1059 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 1059 | ||
| 7 Surgical Nursing | 1060 | ||
| 32 Surgical Instruments and Aseptic Technique | 1060 | ||
| Outline | 1060 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 1061 | ||
| Key Terms | 1061 | ||
| Introduction | 1061 | ||
| Instrumentation | 1062 | ||
| General Surgery Instruments | 1062 | ||
| Scalpel | 1062 | ||
| Electrosurgery | 1062 | ||
| Biomedical Lasers and Laser Safety | 1062 | ||
| Laser Properties | 1062 | ||
| Types of Lasers | 1063 | ||
| CO2 Laser. | 1063 | ||
| Nd : YAG and Diode Lasers. | 1064 | ||
| Laser Safety | 1064 | ||
| Laser Hazard Classification | 1065 | ||
| Laser Safety Protocol for Personnel | 1066 | ||
| Laser Plume Control | 1066 | ||
| Laser Safety Protocol for the Patient | 1067 | ||
| Scissors | 1067 | ||
| Needle Holders | 1068 | ||
| Thumb Forceps | 1069 | ||
| Tissue Forceps | 1069 | ||
| Hemostatic Forceps | 1070 | ||
| Retractors | 1071 | ||
| Suction Tips | 1071 | ||
| Stapling Equipment | 1072 | ||
| Vascular Sealing Devices | 1073 | ||
| Ophthalmic Instruments | 1073 | ||
| Orthopedic Instruments | 1073 | ||
| Periosteal Elevators | 1073 | ||
| Rongeurs | 1074 | ||
| Curettes | 1074 | ||
| Bone-Holding Forceps | 1074 | ||
| Osteotomes and Chisels | 1075 | ||
| Gigli Wire | 1075 | ||
| Trephines and Jamshidi Needles | 1076 | ||
| Power Equipment | 1076 | ||
| Orthopedic Implants | 1076 | ||
| Bone Pins | 1076 | ||
| Interlocking Nails | 1077 | ||
| Orthopedic Wire | 1077 | ||
| External Fixators | 1077 | ||
| Bone Screws | 1079 | ||
| Bone Plates | 1079 | ||
| Total Hip Prosthesis | 1080 | ||
| Arthroscopic Instruments and Equipment | 1080 | ||
| Arthroscope | 1080 | ||
| Ancillary Arthroscopic Equipment | 1081 | ||
| Sharp Trocar and Sleeve | 1081 | ||
| Blunt Obturator | 1081 | ||
| Light Cable, Light Projector, and Video Camera | 1081 | ||
| Fluid Delivery Systems | 1082 | ||
| Pressurized Bag System | 1082 | ||
| Automated Pump System | 1083 | ||
| Hand Instruments for Arthroscopic Surgery | 1083 | ||
| Blunt Probe | 1084 | ||
| Rongeurs and Grasping Forceps | 1084 | ||
| Elevators and Osteotomes | 1084 | ||
| Curettes | 1084 | ||
| Motorized Burrs | 1084 | ||
| Radiofrequency Arthroscopic Probes | 1084 | ||
| Laparoscopic Instruments and Equipment | 1085 | ||
| Laparoscope | 1085 | ||
| Laparoscopic Trocars and Cannulas | 1085 | ||
| Sharp Trocars and Cannulas | 1085 | ||
| Blunt Trocar | 1086 | ||
| Light Cable, Light Projector, and Video Camera | 1086 | ||
| Insufflator | 1086 | ||
| Hand Instruments for Laparoscopic Surgery | 1086 | ||
| Instrument Packs | 1086 | ||
| Instrument Care | 1088 | ||
| Drapes and Gowns | 1089 | ||
| Aseptic Technique | 1089 | ||
| Physical Methods of Sterilization | 1091 | ||
| Filtration | 1091 | ||
| Radiation | 1091 | ||
| Heat | 1091 | ||
| Autoclave Sterilization | 1093 | ||
| Sterilization Quality Control | 1095 | ||
| Care and Handling of Sterile Packs | 1095 | ||
| Chemical Methods of Sterilization | 1095 | ||
| Ethylene Oxide | 1096 | ||
| Hydrogen Peroxide Gas Plasma | 1096 | ||
| Chemical Disinfection | 1096 | ||
| Antiseptic and Disinfectant Compounds | 1097 | ||
| Chlorhexidine | 1097 | ||
| Iodine | 1097 | ||
| Alcohols | 1097 | ||
| Phenols | 1097 | ||
| Quaternary Ammonium | 1097 | ||
| Chloride | 1097 | ||
| Aldehyde | 1099 | ||
| Cold Sterilization | 1099 | ||
| Sterilization of Arthroscopic/Laparoscopic Equipment | 1099 | ||
| Operating Room Preparation | 1099 | ||
| Small Animal Patient Preparation | 1100 | ||
| Skin Preparation—Surgical Clip | 1100 | ||
| Skin Preparation—Surgical Scrub | 1100 | ||
| Small Animal Positioning | 1101 | ||
| Equine Patient Preparation | 1102 | ||
| Patient Positioning | 1102 | ||
| Skin Preparation | 1103 | ||
| Surgical Team Preparation | 1104 | ||
| Attire | 1104 | ||
| Hand Scrub | 1105 | ||
| Gowning and Gloving | 1108 | ||
| Maintaining Sterility | 1113 | ||
| Scrubbed-in Personnel | 1113 | ||
| The Patient | 1113 | ||
| Opening Sterile Items | 1114 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 1115 | ||
| 33 Surgical Assistance and Suture Material | 1116 | ||
| Outline | 1116 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 1116 | ||
| Key Terms | 1116 | ||
| Introduction | 1117 | ||
| General Concepts in Veterinary Surgical Assisting | 1117 | ||
| Role of the Surgical Assistant | 1117 | ||
| Preoperative Preparation | 1117 | ||
| Preparation of the Surgical Patient | 1117 | ||
| Assessment of Clipping and Surgical Scrub | 1117 | ||
| Positioning and Draping | 1117 | ||
| Abdomen. | 1119 | ||
| Thorax. | 1119 | ||
| Extremity. | 1119 | ||
| Spine. | 1121 | ||
| Perineum. | 1121 | ||
| Oral Surgery. | 1122 | ||
| Operating Room Sterility | 1122 | ||
| Surgical Instruments and Instrument Table Organization | 1122 | ||
| Intraoperative Techniques and Duties | 1123 | ||
| Surgical Lighting | 1123 | ||
| Instrumentation Cords and Tubing | 1123 | ||
| Scalpel Use | 1124 | ||
| Instrument Passing | 1124 | ||
| Retraction | 1124 | ||
| Hemostasis | 1125 | ||
| Suture Cutting | 1125 | ||
| Lavage and Suction | 1125 | ||
| Camera Manipulation | 1125 | ||
| Tissue Manipulation, Retraction, and Organ Positioning | 1126 | ||
| Skin | 1126 | ||
| Abdomen | 1126 | ||
| Thorax | 1127 | ||
| Musculoskeletal System | 1127 | ||
| Vascular and Nervous Systems | 1127 | ||
| Surgical Implants | 1127 | ||
| Permanent | 1127 | ||
| Temporary | 1127 | ||
| Passive Drains. | 1127 | ||
| Active Drains. | 1128 | ||
| Suture Material | 1128 | ||
| Considerations When Choosing Suture | 1129 | ||
| Wound Type | 1129 | ||
| Construction | 1129 | ||
| Size and Strength | 1129 | ||
| Handling | 1129 | ||
| Knot Security | 1129 | ||
| Suture Classification and Examples | 1129 | ||
| Absorbable | 1129 | ||
| 8 End of Life | 1268 | ||
| 37 Geriatric and Hospice Care | 1268 | ||
| Outline | 1268 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 1268 | ||
| Key Terms | 1269 | ||
| Introduction | 1269 | ||
| Geriatric Cats and Dogs | 1269 | ||
| Life Stages Guidelines | 1269 | ||
| Integrating Geriatric Care | 1269 | ||
| Common Problems in Aging Pets | 1270 | ||
| Oral Problems | 1270 | ||
| Cardiac Disease | 1270 | ||
| Respiratory Disease | 1270 | ||
| Neoplasia | 1270 | ||
| Kidney Disease | 1270 | ||
| Urinary and Fecal Incontinence | 1271 | ||
| Neurologic Abnormalities | 1271 | ||
| Orthopedic Disease | 1271 | ||
| Endocrine Conditions | 1271 | ||
| Hyperthyroidism | 1271 | ||
| Hypothyroidism | 1271 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 1271 | ||
| Hyperadrenocorticism | 1271 | ||
| Changing Nutritional Needs of Aging Pets | 1272 | ||
| Hospice Care for the Aged and Dying Cat and Dog | 1273 | ||
| Pain Medications | 1274 | ||
| Nursing Care | 1274 | ||
| Decubital Ulcers | 1274 | ||
| Subcutaneous Fluids | 1275 | ||
| Bladder Expression | 1275 | ||
| Urine Scalding | 1275 | ||
| Appetite Stimulants | 1275 | ||
| Feeding Tubes | 1276 | ||
| Carts and Slings | 1276 | ||
| When Is the Right Time for Euthanasia? | 1276 | ||
| Geriatric Horses | 1277 | ||
| Physical Examination | 1277 | ||
| Common Problems in Aging Horses | 1277 | ||
| Oral and Nasal Health | 1277 | ||
| Vision | 1278 | ||
| Cardiac Disease | 1278 | ||
| Respiratory Disease | 1278 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Disease | 1278 | ||
| Kidney Disease | 1278 | ||
| Skin Disorders | 1278 | ||
| Neurologic Abnormalities | 1279 | ||
| Orthopedic Disease | 1279 | ||
| Chronic Diseases of the Geriatric Horse | 1279 | ||
| Equine Cushing Disease (Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction) | 1279 | ||
| Heaves (Recurrent Airway Obstruction) | 1280 | ||
| Laminitis (Founder) | 1281 | ||
| Dental Problems and Sinusitis | 1282 | ||
| Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU, or Moon Blindness) | 1282 | ||
| Neurologic Deficits | 1282 | ||
| Musculoskeletal System | 1282 | ||
| Management, Nutrition, and Nursing Care of the Geriatric Horse | 1283 | ||
| End of Life Issues | 1283 | ||
| Summary | 1284 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 1284 | ||
| Geriatric Cats and Dogs | 1284 | ||
| Geriatric Horses | 1284 | ||
| 38 The Human-Animal Bond and Euthanasia | 1285 | ||
| Outline | 1285 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 1285 | ||
| Key Terms | 1285 | ||
| Introduction | 1285 | ||
| The Human–Animal Bond | 1286 | ||
| The Attachment Between Animals and Humans | 1286 | ||
| Benefits of Attachment | 1287 | ||
| Pet Loss and Veterinary Medicine | 1287 | ||
| When the Bond Is Broken | 1287 | ||
| Pet Loss and the Grief Process | 1288 | ||
| The Normal Grief Process | 1288 | ||
| Denial and Bargaining | 1290 | ||
| Anger | 1290 | ||
| Depression | 1292 | ||
| Resolution or Acceptance | 1293 | ||
| Grief and the Veterinary Professional | 1295 | ||
| Euthanasia | 1295 | ||
| The Decision | 1295 | ||
| As the End Draws Near: the Beginning of the End | 1296 | ||
| At the End | 1298 | ||
| The End as a Beginning … After the End | 1299 | ||
| The Stress of Euthanasia | 1300 | ||
| Euthanasia in the Shelter and Research Facility | 1301 | ||
| Euthanasia of Large Animals | 1301 | ||
| Summary | 1304 | ||
| Reference | 1304 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 1304 | ||
| Glossary | 1305 | ||
| Index | 1327 | ||
| A | 1327 | ||
| B | 1329 | ||
| C | 1330 | ||
| D | 1335 | ||
| E | 1337 | ||
| F | 1340 | ||
| G | 1341 | ||
| H | 1342 | ||
| I | 1344 | ||
| J | 1346 | ||
| K | 1346 | ||
| L | 1346 | ||
| M | 1347 | ||
| N | 1349 | ||
| O | 1351 | ||
| P | 1351 | ||
| Q | 1354 | ||
| R | 1354 | ||
| S | 1356 | ||
| T | 1360 | ||
| U | 1361 | ||
| V | 1361 | ||
| W | 1362 | ||
| X | 1363 | ||
| Y | 1363 | ||
| Z | 1363 | ||
| Endsheets 6-7 timeline | IBC2 |