Menu Expand
A History of Africa

A History of Africa

Hosea Jaffe | Samir Amin

(2017)

Abstract

Spanning more than two thousand years of African history, from the African Iron Age to the collapse of colonialism and the beginnings of independence, Hosea Jaffe's magisterial work remains one of the few to do full justice to the continent's complex and diverse past.

The great strength of Jaffe's work lies in its unique theoretical perspective, which stresses the distinctive character of Africa's social structures and historical development. Crucially, Jaffe rejects all efforts to impose Eurocentric models of history onto Africa, whether it be liberal notions of 'progress' or Marxist theories of class struggle, arguing instead that the key dynamics underpinning African history are unique to the continent itself, and rooted in conflicts between different modes of production.

The work also includes a foreword by the distinguished economist and political theorist Samir Amin, in which he outlines the contribution of Jaffe’s work to our understanding of African history and its ongoing post-colonial struggles.


‘[Jaffe’s] views are indeed stimulating … and should reopen a discussion of great importance … I cannot but welcome this History of Africa which our comrade Hosea Jaffe offers us.’
Samir Amin, from the Preface

'Hosea Jaffe, an incisive thinker, presents a very readable analysis of African history. His book, which is of major theoretical importance, provides many insights into African nationalist, class and other struggles, past, present and future.'
Richard Pankhurst, Royal Asiatic Society


Hosea Jaffe was a distinguished historian, economist, and radical activist. Born in South Africa in 1921, he was active in early anti-apartheid politics, until he was forced to flee the country in 1960. Over the course of his life he taught at universities throughout Africa and Europe, and authored numerous works on African history, politics and global economics. He died in Italy in 2014.

Samir Amin is a renowned radical economist, the director of the Forum du Tiers Monde (Third World Forum) in Dakar, Senegal, and chair of the World Forum for Alternatives.


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Front cover
About the Author iii
Title Page v
Copyright vi
Contents vii
Abbreviations and Acronyms ix
Preface 1
Part One: African Communism and Despotism 5
The Present as Colonialised Past 8
The African Iron Ages 10
Gentile Communism 12
Egypt, Nubia, Meroe, Axum 13
The European and Non-European Modes of Production 15
The Communal-Despotic Dialectic 18
No Property in Land and People 19
Zanj 21
Tribal Despotisms 22
The Pre-Colonial 'Surplus Axis' 24
The 'Khaldoun' Class Struggle 26
Primitive Communism 28
The 'African-European' Mixed Mode of Production in Ethiopia 30
African Communal Despotism 31
Notes 34
Part Two: European Colonialism — Resistance and Collaboration 41
Colonialism as Genesis of Europe 45
The Resistance-Collaboration Contradiction 47
Colonialism as Genesis of Race 56
Types of Racial Colonies 58
Liberatory Despots or Despotic Liberators? 59
Capitalist Retribalization 60
Notes 64
Part Three: Africa in the Inter–National Class Struggle 69
Imperialism as Fascism 73
Early South African Anti-Racist Class Struggles 75
Political Strikes in Africa 77
The Racist European Semi-Proletariat 81
Racist Liberalism 85
The Imperialist Missionaries 89
Indirect Rule: No National Bourgeoisie 92
'Pre-Capitalist Economy' or Capitalist Labour Reserves 94
The Proletarian Peasantry 96
The Location Sub-Bourgeoisie 97
Forms of Wage-Labour 97
Notes 100
Part Four: Imperialism — African Emancipation 103
Early Cape Political Movements 107
West African Socialism 111
Senegal: From Diagne to Senghor 123
South Africa: 'White' Communism 126
Between the Wars: An African 'Indian Summer' 128
National Wars-Nigeria, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco 131
Constitutional Nationalism – East and West Africa 133
The New Dependence – Independence 134
European Democrats and African Despots 135
The International Relations of Production 137
Paradoxes and Accidents: The African Revolution 141
Notes 145
Select Bibliography 148
Index 163