Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This small book is one of the titles from the Elsevier Health Education and Wellness Series, which is meant for common people to have better understanding of Cancer among women.
• Clear, succinct, but most sought-after information on various aspects of cancer in women
• Special emphasis on the general patient's concerns/queries
• Covers recent advances related to cancer in women
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | Cover | ||
| Front matter | iii | ||
| Understanding cancer in women | iii | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Preface | v | ||
| Acknowledgements | vi | ||
| 1 What is cancer? | 1 | ||
| What is cancer? | 1 | ||
| Why does cancer occur? | 1 | ||
| Do all cancers form masses? | 1 | ||
| Where can the cancers arise? | 1 | ||
| Can cancer develop in the brain? | 1 | ||
| What are the different type of cancer? | 1 | ||
| Does treatment vary in different types of cancers? | 2 | ||
| Are tumours and cancers same? | 2 | ||
| Is cancer a public health problem? | 2 | ||
| 2 Vital statistics of cancer in India | 3 | ||
| 3 Genital cancers in women | 4 | ||
| Which is the most common cancer seen in Indian women? | 4 | ||
| What are the leading sites of cancers in females? | 4 | ||
| Which genital organ cancers are seen in India? | 4 | ||
| 4 Staging of cancers | 5 | ||
| What are the various genital cancers seen in women? | 5 | ||
| How is cancer staged? | 5 | ||
| How is cancer of the cervix staged? | 5 | ||
| What is the stage when only one ovary is affected by cancer? | 6 | ||
| How is staging of uterine cancer done? | 7 | ||
| My doctor has told me that I have stage II of fallopian tube cancer. What does this mean? | 7 | ||
| 5 Prevention of ovarian cancer | 8 | ||
| What are the symptoms of ovarian cancer? | 8 | ||
| When should I go to a doctor if these early symptoms are present? | 8 | ||
| Can ovarian cancer be screened? | 8 | ||
| Who are the women at a high risk of developing ovarian cancer? | 8 | ||
| Can ovarian cancer be prevented? | 9 | ||
| How does the use of birth control pills help in preventing ovarian cancer? | 9 | ||
| Can taking a particular diet reduce the risk of ovarian cancer? | 9 | ||
| Are overweight women at risk? | 9 | ||
| Does pregnancy and the number of pregnancies reduce the chances of developing ovarian cancer? | 9 | ||
| Can breastfeeding help in reducing the risk? | 9 | ||
| Recently someone told me that if my fallopian tubes are ligated or removed, it will prevent the development of ovarian cancer. Is this correct? | 9 | ||
| If ovaries are removed, can I be sure that I will not develop ovarian cancer? | 10 | ||
| Do I need to go for genetic counselling and testing if my mother had ovarian cancer? | 10 | ||
| If I am found to have certain genetic mutations, what should I do? | 10 | ||
| When should one start screening for ovarian cancer? | 10 | ||
| What is the survival rate for ovarian cancer? | 10 | ||
| 6 Prevention of cervical cancer | 11 | ||
| What is cervical cancer? | 11 | ||
| Who are at risk of getting cervical cancers? | 11 | ||
| Can cervical cancer be prevented? | 11 | ||
| How can it be prevented? | 11 | ||
| What is primary prevention? | 11 | ||
| How can it be achieved? | 11 | ||
| Why vaccination? | 11 | ||
| What are the vaccines available? | 12 | ||
| Who should be vaccinated? | 12 | ||
| How many injections are to be taken? | 12 | ||
| What are the side effects of the vaccines? | 12 | ||
| Can cervical cancer be cured by a vaccine? | 12 | ||
| What is secondary prevention? | 12 | ||
| How is secondary prevention done? | 12 | ||
| What is screening? | 12 | ||
| Why is screening necessary? | 12 | ||
| How is one screened for cervical cancer? | 13 | ||
| When should screening start? | 13 | ||
| How often should it be done? | 13 | ||
| Is screening needed after removal of the uterus? | 13 | ||
| Is screening needed after vaccination? | 13 | ||
| When should a sample be collected for screening? | 13 | ||
| What should you do if the cytopathology report is abnormal? | 14 | ||
| What type of monitoring is required after an abnormal pap smear? | 14 | ||
| What is colposcopy? | 14 | ||
| What are the treatments for precancerous lesions of the cervix? | 14 | ||
| Can hpv testing be used as a primary screening modality? | 14 | ||
| What is visual inspection by acetic acid? | 14 | ||
| 7 Prevention of endometrial cancer | 16 | ||
| What is endometrial cancer? | 16 | ||
| How can one reduce the chances of endometrial cancer? | 16 | ||
| What are the risk factors for having endometrial (womb) cancer? | 16 | ||
| What is raloxifene? | 17 | ||
| What are the other risk factors for womb cancer? | 17 | ||
| What are the protective factors which will decrease the chances of having womb cancer? | 17 | ||
| Is having irregular heavy bleeding diagnostic of cancer? | 18 | ||
| 8 Breast cancer screening | 19 | ||
| What is breast cancer? | 19 | ||
| What do you mean by breast cancer screening? | 19 | ||
| What are the components of making an early diagnosis of breast cancer? | 19 | ||
| What is the prevalence of carcinoma of the breast? | 20 | ||
| What do you mean by risk factors for breast cancer? | 20 | ||
| What are the risk factors? | 20 | ||
| How can breast carcinoma be prevented? | 20 | ||
| What are the risk factors for men? | 20 | ||
| What are the risk factors that can be controlled? | 20 | ||
| What are the risk factors which cannot be modified? | 20 | ||
| How do we screen for breast cancer? | 21 | ||
| What are the screening guidelines for breast carcinoma? | 21 | ||
| How do I do breast self examination? | 21 | ||
| What is the best time to do breast self-examination? | 22 | ||
| Who does a ‘clinical’ breast examination? | 22 | ||
| What points should be looked for during breast self-examination and clinical breast examination? | 23 | ||
| What do you mean by mammography? | 23 | ||
| When do you do mammography? | 23 | ||
| What is the role of ultrasonography of the breast? | 23 | ||
| What is the role of MRI of the breast? | 23 | ||
| What are the conditions where MRI of the breast is useful? | 23 | ||
| What are the disadvantages of MRI and the conditions in which MRI of the breast cannot be used? | 23 | ||
| What is the role of genetic counselling? | 23 | ||
| 9 Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer | 24 | ||
| What is the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome? | 24 | ||
| What are the risk factors for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer? | 24 | ||
| What is the incidence of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer? | 24 | ||
| What is the risk for someone in the general population of developing breast and ovarian cancer? | 24 | ||
| What are the risks of carcinomas of the ovary and breast in a woman with hereditary breast and ovarian cancers? | 24 | ||
| What are the causes of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer? | 25 | ||
| Which genes are involved in hereditary breast ovarian cancer? | 25 | ||
| Do all families having BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutations have carcinoma of the breast and ovary? | 25 | ||
| What are the chances of inheriting hereditary breast ovarian cancer if one of my parents has it? | 25 | ||
| Why is it important to diagnose hereditary breast ovarian cancer? | 25 | ||
| How is it diagnosed? | 25 | ||
| How can hereditary breast ovarian cancer be managed? | 25 | ||
| How can the risks in women with the brca gene mutation be reduced? | 25 | ||
| What is the role of chemoprevention in women with a brca gene mutation? | 26 | ||
| What are the recommendations for screening patients who have hereditary breast ovarian cancer? | 26 | ||
| What are the symptoms of carcinoma of the breast? | 26 | ||
| What are the recommendations for screening for carcinoma of the ovary in a person having hereditary breast ovarian cancer? | 26 | ||
| What are the early symptoms of carcinoma of the ovary? | 26 | ||
| What are the recommendations of screening for men with hereditary breast and ovarian cancers? | 27 | ||
| 10 Role of diet in preventing cancer in women | 28 | ||
| Can my diet prevent cancer? | 28 | ||
| Why are fruit and vegetables considered to be cancer-fighting powerhouses? | 28 | ||
| What are the important dietary tips to prevent cancer? | 28 | ||
| 11 Treatment options for genital cancer | 30 | ||
| I am 45 years old. I felt that I had put on weight and my abdomen was ballooning since the last 6 months. I started going to the gym but abdomen ballooning increased. I consulted a nearby gynaecologist who advised me to undergo USG, CA-125, and MRI. The reports of USG and MRI showed bilateral ovarian masses 7 3 6 cm, ascites and omental caking. The CA-125 is 700. What am I suffering from and what are the treatment options? | 30 | ||
| What are the next steps after surgery? | 30 | ||
| Are there any serious side effects of chemotherapy? | 30 | ||
| What should be my follow-up regime? | 30 | ||
| Doctor, had I come to you earlier or if I were younger would you have still removed everything? | 31 | ||
| I have two younger sisters; any advice for them? | 31 | ||
| I have been diagnosed with stage I cervical cancer by biopsy of the cervix. what does this mean; do I need to undergo any further tests; what is the treatment? I am 40 years old. | 31 | ||
| If my disease were more advanced, would the treatment have been the same? | 32 | ||
| Is it always necessary to remove the uterus in cervical cancer? | 32 | ||
| What are my chances of survival and recurrence after I get completely treated and how do I follow up? | 32 | ||
| I had my menopause 10 years ago at the age of 45; now I am experiencing bleeding since 2 months. I underwent a dilation an and curettage (D&C). The biopsy report is ‘adenocarcinoma endometrium well differentiated’. What does this mean and how do I proceed further? | 32 | ||
| What is my follow-up? | 33 | ||
| 12 Hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms after treatment of cancer | 34 | ||
| What is menopause? | 34 | ||
| What is premature menopause? | 34 | ||
| What are the gynaecological cancers that can result in premature menopause? | 34 | ||
| What are the treatment options for gynaecological malignancies which can result in premature menopause? | 34 | ||
| What are the indications of using hormone therapy? | 34 | ||
| What are the risks of hormone therapy after the treatment of uterine cancer for menopausal symptoms? | 34 | ||
| Is there any relation between oestrogen and breast cancer? | 35 | ||
| Can hormone therapy be used for a treated case of breast cancer? | 35 | ||
| Is there any risk associated with hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms after the treatment of ovarian cancer? | 35 | ||
| Can one use hormone therapy after the treatment of cervical cancer? | 36 | ||
| Is there any danger of taking hormone therapy after vulval or vaginal cancer? | 36 | ||
| 13 Fertility preservation in genital cancers | 37 | ||
| What types of cancers can afflict young women? | 37 | ||
| What are the treatments offered to young women with cancer? | 37 | ||
| How do these treatments affect future fertility of women with cancer? | 37 | ||
| Is the risk for future infertility the same in all individuals following cancer treatment? | 38 | ||
| What should be done once the diagnosis of cancer is made? | 38 | ||
| What options do women suffering from cancer have to preserve their fertility? | 38 | ||
| What are the other fertility preservation strategies? | 39 | ||
| Will fertility preservation options decrease the chances of successful cancer treatment and increase the risk of cancer recurrence? | 40 | ||
| When can conception be attempted after completion of cancer treatment? | 40 | ||
| Will attempting pregnancy subsequently compromise on a cancer survivor’s health? | 40 | ||
| What effects will a history of cancer treatments have on the progeny? | 40 | ||
| 14 Pregnancy with ovarian tumours | 42 | ||
| I have been diagnosed with a cyst in the ovary. I am 24 years old and 6-weeks pregnant. should I go for an abortion? | 42 | ||
| When should it be removed? | 42 | ||
| Why I should not get it operated in the first 3 months of pregnancy? | 42 | ||
| Is there any chance of abortion, if I am operated? | 42 | ||
| I underwent ivf and now the doctor says there are huge multiple cysts in the ovaries; what should I do? | 42 | ||
| What can happen to the cyst in the ovary, if one continues the pregnancy? | 43 | ||
| What if one is diagnosed with ovarian cancer in the first trimester of pregnancy? | 43 | ||
| 15 Tumour markers in gynaecological cancers | 44 | ||
| What is a tumour marker? | 44 | ||
| How can the diagnosis of cancer be confirmed? | 44 | ||
| Which of these markers should be used? | 45 | ||
| How do these markers help the patient of cancer? | 45 | ||
| 16 Role of lifestyle modification in prevention of cancer | 46 | ||
| Does any change in diet, exercise and lifestyle help in decreasing the risk of developing genital cancers? | 46 | ||
| My mother and sister had ovarian cancer. What should I do to prevent getting ovarian cancer? | 47 | ||
| Does tubal ligation or removal help in lowering the risk of ovarian cancer? | 48 | ||
| What are the risk factors for development of ovarian cancer? | 48 | ||
| Which factors are helpful in reducing the risk of ovarian cancer so that I can take precautions? | 48 | ||
| I have multiple sexual partners. What measures should I take to prevent developing cervical cancer? | 48 | ||
| When should hpv vaccine be administered? can it be given at a later age? | 48 | ||
| I am a smoker; do I have more chances of developing cervical cancer? | 49 | ||
| I have completed my family. Which contraceptive method is best for me and will it help in prevention of cervical cancer also, as my mother died from this disease? | 49 | ||
| Is there any role of diet in prevention of cervical cancer? | 49 | ||
| My elder sister had cancer of the endometrium, got operated and she received radiotherapy as well. What causes endometrial cancer? | 49 | ||
| Can endometrial cancer (uterine cancer) be detected at an early stage? | 49 | ||
| What precautions should I take to avoid the development of endometrial cancer? | 50 | ||
| I have a nodule in my breast and I am worried whether it is cancerous? | 50 | ||
| Please tell me some common risk factors for breast cancer? | 50 | ||
| I have been using oral contraceptive pills (OCP). Is there any associated risk of breast cancer? | 50 | ||
| Please tell me if pregnancy and breastfeeding have any protective role? | 51 | ||
| Conclusion | 52 |