Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Designed to maximize easy retention and quick recall, Review of Ophthalmology, 3rd Edition, by Drs. Neil J. Friedman, Peter K. Kaiser, and William B. Trattler, is the best-selling review book you can trust to get you successfully through your exams. An efficient, easy-to-digest format distills key information into highly relevant bullet points. You’ll quickly master what you need to know in all subspecialty areas, including the latest information on today’s standard diagnostic techniques, medical treatments, and surgical options.
- Covers the most important and relevant aspects of each topic in a concise, bulleted format for easy recall and effective exam preparation.
- Highlights the text with hundreds of clinical and histological images, OCT and other current imaging methods, anatomic details, common ophthalmic test findings, and more.
- Presents the findings of key clinical studies with which you are expected to be familiar.
- Provides thoroughly revised content in every chapter, with extensive updates on new imaging standards and diagnosis and treatment for eye disorders.
- Test your understanding of essential information with an expanded collection of review questions following every chapter.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Inside Front cover | ES2 | ||
| Review of Ophthalmology | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface | vi | ||
| Acknowledgments | vii | ||
| Chapter 1: Optics | 1 | ||
| Properties of Light | 1 | ||
| Index of refraction (n): | 1 | ||
| Interference: | 1 | ||
| Constructive: | 1 | ||
| Destructive: | 1 | ||
| Coherence: | 1 | ||
| Polarization: | 1 | ||
| Nonpolarized light: | 1 | ||
| Polarized light: | 1 | ||
| Diffraction: | 1 | ||
| Scattering: | 1 | ||
| Reflection: | 2 | ||
| Transmission: | 2 | ||
| Absorption: | 2 | ||
| Illumination: | 2 | ||
| Luminance: | 2 | ||
| Laser: | 2 | ||
| Refraction | 2 | ||
| Snell's law: | 2 | ||
| Critical angle: | 2 | ||
| Total internal reflection: | 2 | ||
| Prisms | 3 | ||
| Prism diopter (PD, Δ): | 3 | ||
| Angle of minimum deviation: | 3 | ||
| Risley prism: | 3 | ||
| Fresnel prisms: | 3 | ||
| Prismatic effect of lenses (Fig. 1-4): | 3 | ||
| Plus lenses: | 3 | ||
| Minus lenses: | 3 | ||
| Prentice's rule: | 3 | ||
| Prismatic effect of bifocal glasses: | 4 | ||
| Image jump: | 4 | ||
| Image displacement: | 4 | ||
| Prismatic effect of underlying lens: | 4 | ||
| Prismatic effect of bifocal segment: | 4 | ||
| Plus lens: | 4 | ||
| Minus lens: | 4 | ||
| Chromatic effects: | 4 | ||
| Duochrome test: | 4 | ||
| Technique: | 4 | ||
| Vector addition of prisms: | 4 | ||
| Vergence | 4 | ||
| Convergence (converging rays): | 4 | ||
| Divergence (diverging rays): | 4 | ||
| Parallel rays: | 4 | ||
| Diopter: | 4 | ||
| Lens: | 4 | ||
| Basic lens formula: | 4 | ||
| Objects and images: | 4 | ||
| Object rays: | 4 | ||
| Image rays: | 4 | ||
| Lenses: | 5 | ||
| Real (thick) lenses (Fig. 1-6): | 5 | ||
| 6 Cardinal points: | 5 | ||
| Meniscus lenses: | 5 | ||
| Conjugate points: | 5 | ||
| Conjugate planes: | 5 | ||
| Ideal (thin) lenses: | 5 | ||
| Two focal points: | 5 | ||
| Focal length: | 5 | ||
| Nodal point (N): | 5 | ||
| Ray tracing: | 5 | ||
| Three principal rays: | 5 | ||
| Lens effectivity: | 5 | ||
| Vertex distance conversion: | 5 | ||
| Pure cylindrical lens: | 6 | ||
| Spherocylindrical lens: | 6 | ||
| Spherical equivalent: | 6 | ||
| Conoid of Sturm: | 6 | ||
| Circle of least confusion: | 6 | ||
| Interval of Sturm: | 6 | ||
| Cylinder transposition: | 6 | ||
| Power cross diagram: | 6 | ||
| Combining cylinders at oblique axis: | 6 | ||
| Power of cylinder at oblique axis: | 6 | ||
| Aberrations | 6 | ||
| Spherical: | 6 | ||
| Coma: | 6 | ||
| Curvature of field: | 7 | ||
| Astigmatism of oblique incidence: | 7 | ||
| Distortion: | 7 | ||
| Chromatic: | 7 | ||
| Magnification | 7 | ||
| Transverse (linear or lateral): | 7 | ||
| Axial: | 7 | ||
| Angular: | 7 | ||
| Size of image seen through glasses: | 7 | ||
| Shape factors: | 7 | ||
| Front surface curvature: | 7 | ||
| Center thickness: | 7 | ||
| Power factors: | 7 | ||
| Vertex power (refractive power): | 7 | ||
| Vertex distance: | 7 | ||
| Anisometropia: | 7 | ||
| Aniseikonia: | 7 | ||
| Knapp's rule: | 7 | ||
| Telescopes: | 7 | ||
| Astronomical telescope (Keplerian): | 7 | ||
| Galilean telescope: | 7 | ||
| Accommodation through telescope: AT=AN(MA2) (AN=normal accommodation) | 8 | ||
| Mirrors | 8 | ||
| Law of reflection: | 8 | ||
| Objects and images: | 8 | ||
| Focal length: | 8 | ||
| Reflecting power: | 8 | ||
| Convex: | 8 | ||
| Concave: | 8 | ||
| Plano: | 8 | ||
| Central ray: | 8 | ||
| Purkinje-sanson images: | 8 | ||
| Eye as Optical System | 8 | ||
| Model Eye | 8 | ||
| Vision Measurements | 8 | ||
| Minimum visible: | 8 | ||
| Minimum discriminable: | 8 | ||
| Minimum separable: | 8 | ||
| Vernier acuity: | 9 | ||
| Snellen acuity: | 9 | ||
| ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) Chart: | 9 | ||
| Near acuity: | 9 | ||
| Acuity testing in children: | 9 | ||
| Factors other than disease that reduce measured visual acuity: | 9 | ||
| Legal blindness (in US): | 9 | ||
| Visual acuity is influenced by pupil size: | 9 | ||
| Laser inferometer: | 9 | ||
| Contrast sensitivity: | 9 | ||
| Refractive Error | 9 | ||
| Emmetropia: | 9 | ||
| Myopia: | 9 | ||
| Hyperopia: | 9 | ||
| Axial vs refractive: | 9 | ||
| Axial myopia: | 9 | ||
| Refractive myopia: | 9 | ||
| Axial hyperopia: | 9 | ||
| Refractive hyperopia: | 9 | ||
| Chapter 2: Pharmacology | 21 | ||
| Ocular Pharmacology | 21 | ||
| Pharmacodynamics: | 21 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics: | 21 | ||
| Bioavailability: | 21 | ||
| Methods of improving bioavailability: | 21 | ||
| Increase concentration: | 21 | ||
| Surfactants: | 21 | ||
| Osmotics: | 21 | ||
| Increase ph: | 21 | ||
| Increase viscosity: | 21 | ||
| Increase contact time: | 21 | ||
| Therapeutic index: | 21 | ||
| Inhibitory quotient (IQ): | 21 | ||
| Routes of Administration | 21 | ||
| Topical: | 21 | ||
| Drop diluted by reflex tearing and normal tear turnover: | 21 | ||
| Corneal barriers to penetration: | 21 | ||
| Tight junctions | 21 | ||
| Stroma | 21 | ||
| Methods of increasing absorption: | 21 | ||
| Examples of other delivery systems: | 22 | ||
| Prodrug: | 22 | ||
| Ointment: | 22 | ||
| Sustained release gel: | 22 | ||
| Insert: | 22 | ||
| Subconjunctival/sub-tenon's: | 22 | ||
| Retrobulbar/peribulbar: | 22 | ||
| Intraocular: | 22 | ||
| Systemic: | 22 | ||
| Concentration | 22 | ||
| Anesthetics | 22 | ||
| Mechanism: | 22 | ||
| Structure: | 22 | ||
| Ester: | 22 | ||
| Amide: | 22 | ||
| Topical: | 22 | ||
| Proparacaine (Ophthaine): | 22 | ||
| Tetracaine (Pontocaine): | 22 | ||
| Benoxinate: | 22 | ||
| Cocaine: | 22 | ||
| Parenteral: | 22 | ||
| Toxicity: | 22 | ||
| Lidocaine (Xylocaine): | 22 | ||
| Procaine (Novocain): | 22 | ||
| Mepivacaine (Carbocaine): | 22 | ||
| Bupivacaine (Marcaine): | 22 | ||
| General: | 22 | ||
| Malignant hyperthermia: | 22 | ||
| Findings: | 22 | ||
| Screening: | 22 | ||
| Treatment: | 22 | ||
| Prognosis: | 22 | ||
| Autonomic System | 23 | ||
| Sympathetic | 23 | ||
| Adrenergic receptors: | 23 | ||
| Chapter 3: Embryology/Pathology | 35 | ||
| Embryology | 35 | ||
| Formation of eye: | 35 | ||
| Embryonic plate (Fig. 3-1): | 35 | ||
| Chapter 4: Neuro-ophthalmology | 49 | ||
| Anatomy of the Visual Pathway | 49 | ||
| Optic nerve (ON): | 49 | ||
| Surrounded by three layers of meninges: | 49 | ||
| Optic canal: | 49 | ||
| Intracranial ON: | 49 | ||
| Blood supply (Fig. 4-3) | 49 | ||
| Orbital portion: | 49 | ||
| Intracanalicular portion: | 49 | ||
| Intracranial portion: | 49 | ||
| Chiasm: | 49 | ||
| 53% of ON fibers cross in chiasm: | 49 | ||
| Knee of von Willebrand\": | 49 | ||
| Blood supply: | 50 | ||
| Optic tract: | 50 | ||
| Superior colliculus: | 50 | ||
| Blood supply: | 51 | ||
| Lateral geniculate body: | 51 | ||
| Crossed fibers (contralateral eye): | 51 | ||
| Uncrossed fibers (ipsilateral eye): | 52 | ||
| Layers of LGB can also be categorized by neuronal size: | 52 | ||
| Magnocellular neurons (M Cells): | 52 | ||
| Parvocellular neurons (P Cells): | 52 | ||
| Koniocellular neurons (K Cells): | 52 | ||
| Chapter 5: Pediatrics/Strabismus | 91 | ||
| Pediatrics | 91 | ||
| Anatomy | 91 | ||
| Physiology | 91 | ||
| History: | 91 | ||
| Examination: | 91 | ||
| Additional tests: | 91 | ||
| Differential diagnosis of infant with poor vision and normal ocular structures: | 92 | ||
| Orbital Disorders | 92 | ||
| Congenital Anomalies | 92 | ||
| Anophthalmos | 92 | ||
| Chapter 6: Orbit/Lids/Adnexa | 161 | ||
| Anatomy | 161 | ||
| Dimensions | 161 | ||
| Orbit: | 161 | ||
| Optic nerve: | 161 | ||
| Proptosis: | 161 | ||
| Apertures | 161 | ||
| Superior orbital fissure: | 161 | ||
| Chapter 7: Cornea/External Disease | 197 | ||
| Anatomy/Physiology | 197 | ||
| Conjunctiva | 197 | ||
| Palpebral conjunctiva: | 197 | ||
| Bulbar conjunctiva: | 197 | ||
| Plica semilunaris: | 197 | ||
| Caruncle: | 197 | ||
| Precorneal tear film | 197 | ||
| 3 Layers: | 197 | ||
| Lipid: | 197 | ||
| Aqueous: | 197 | ||
| Mucin: | 197 | ||
| Cornea (Fig.7-1) | 197 | ||
| Average measurements: | 197 | ||
| Diameter: | 197 | ||
| Thickness: | 197 | ||
| Radius of curvature: | 197 | ||
| Power: | 197 | ||
| Refractive index: | 197 | ||
| Epithelium: | 197 | ||
| Layers: | 197 | ||
| Top: | 197 | ||
| Middle: | 197 | ||
| Deep: | 197 | ||
| Cells: | 197 | ||
| Apical cells: | 197 | ||
| Wing cells: | 197 | ||
| Basal cells: | 197 | ||
| Nerve cells: | 197 | ||
| Chapter 8: Uveitis | 239 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 239 | ||
| Inflammatory reaction: | 239 | ||
| Chapter 9: Glaucoma | 261 | ||
| Anatomy/physiology | 261 | ||
| Ciliary body (CB) | 261 | ||
| Ciliary muscle: | 261 | ||
| Ciliary vessels: | 261 | ||
| Ciliary processes: | 261 | ||
| Functions: | 261 | ||
| Suspends and alters shape of lens: | 261 | ||
| Produces aqueous humor: | 261 | ||
| Aqueous composition: | 261 | ||
| Functions of aqueous: | 261 | ||
| Affects aqueous outflow: | 261 | ||
| Synthesizes acid mucopolysaccharide component of vitreous: | 261 | ||
| Maintains blood-aqueous barrier: | 261 | ||
| Outer pigmented layer: | 261 | ||
| Inner nonpigmented layer: | 262 | ||
| Outflow pathways | 262 | ||
| Trabecular meshwork (traditional pathway): | 262 | ||
| Uveal meshwork: | 262 | ||
| Corneoscleral meshwork: | 262 | ||
| Juxtacanalicular tissue: | 262 | ||
| Uveoscleral outflow (15-20% of total outflow): | 262 | ||
| Angle structures | 262 | ||
| Schwalbe's line: | 262 | ||
| Trabecular meshwork (TM): | 262 | ||
| Schlemm's canal: | 263 | ||
| DDx of blood in Schlemm's canal: | 263 | ||
| Scleral spur (SS): | 263 | ||
| Ciliary body (CB): | 263 | ||
| Angle abnormalities | 263 | ||
| Peripheral anterior synechia (PAS): | 263 | ||
| Etiology: | 263 | ||
| Normal vessels: | 263 | ||
| Abnormal vessels: | 263 | ||
| DDx: | 263 | ||
| Angle recession: | 263 | ||
| Chapter 10: Anterior Segment | 283 | ||
| Iris, ciliary body, and anterior chamber (AC) angle | 283 | ||
| Anatomy | 283 | ||
| Limbus | 283 | ||
| Definitions: | 283 | ||
| Anatomists: | 283 | ||
| Pathologists: | 283 | ||
| Surgeons: | 283 | ||
| Ciliary body and angle structures | 283 | ||
| Disorders | 283 | ||
| Hyphema | 283 | ||
| Etiology: | 283 | ||
| Findings: | 283 | ||
| Diagnosis: | 283 | ||
| Treatment: | 283 | ||
| Indications for surgical intervention: | 283 | ||
| Complications: | 283 | ||
| 8-Ball hyphema: | 283 | ||
| Corneal blood staining: | 283 | ||
| Recurrent hemorrhage: | 283 | ||
| Secondary Glaucoma: | 283 | ||
| Early: | 283 | ||
| Late: | 283 | ||
| Sickle cell and hyphema: | 283 | ||
| Factors that increase sickling: | 284 | ||
| Ocular hypotensive medications in sickle cell: | 284 | ||
| Iris and angle trauma (Fig. 10-2) | 284 | ||
| Iris sphincter tear: | 284 | ||
| Traumatic mydriasis: | 284 | ||
| Iridodialysis: | 284 | ||
| Angle recession: | 284 | ||
| Cyclodialysis: | 284 | ||
| Open globe/intraocular foreign body | 284 | ||
| Penetration: | 284 | ||
| Perforation: | 284 | ||
| Findings: | 284 | ||
| Types of foreign bodies: | 285 | ||
| Inert: | 285 | ||
| Reactive: | 285 | ||
| Copper: | 285 | ||
| Chalcosis: | 285 | ||
| Chapter 11: Posterior Segment | 301 | ||
| Anatomy | 301 | ||
| Vitreous | 301 | ||
| Vitreous base: | 301 | ||
| Vitreoretinal junctions: | 301 | ||
| Retina (Fig. 11-3) | 301 | ||
| Neurosensory retina (9 layers): | 301 | ||
| Peripheral retina: | 302 | ||
| Macula: | 302 | ||
| Fovea (Figs. 11-6, 11.7): | 303 | ||
| Foveola: | 304 | ||
| Intercellular junctions: | 304 | ||
| Blood-retinal barrier: | 304 | ||
| Inner barrier: | 304 | ||
| Outer barrier: | 304 | ||
| Other intercellular junctions: | 304 | ||
| Zonula adherens | 304 | ||
| Macula adherens | 304 | ||
| Clinical correlation: | 304 | ||
| Collateral vessels: | 304 | ||
| Hemorrhages: | 304 | ||
| Flame or splinter: | 304 | ||
| Blot or dot: | 304 | ||
| Boat-shaped (scaphoid): | 304 | ||
| Sub-ILM: | 304 | ||
| Sub-hyaloid: | 304 | ||
| Dark hemorrhage: | 304 | ||
| RPE: | 304 | ||
| Functions: | 304 | ||
| Hypertrophy: | 304 | ||
| Hyperplasia: | 304 | ||
| Metaplasia: | 304 | ||
| Bruchs membrane: | 304 | ||
| Layers: | 304 | ||
| Neuroglial cells: | 304 | ||
| Astrocytes: | 304 | ||
| Müllers cells: | 304 | ||
| Microglia: | 304 | ||
| Arachnoidal cells: | 304 | ||
| Oligodendrocytes: | 304 | ||
| Schwann cells: | 304 | ||
| Choroid | 304 | ||
| Layers: | 305 | ||
| Physiology | 305 | ||
| Visual pigments: | 305 | ||
| Rod photoreceptor membranes: | 305 | ||
| Luminosity curves: | 305 | ||
| Light-adapted: | 305 | ||
| Dark-adapted: | 305 | ||
| Purkinje shift: | 305 | ||
| Electrophysiology | 305 | ||
| Electroretinogram (ERG) | 305 | ||
| Components (Fig. 11-10): | 306 | ||
| a-wave: | 306 | ||
| b-wave: | 306 | ||
| Amplitude: | 306 | ||
| Implicit time: | 306 | ||
| Oscillatory potential: | 306 | ||
| c-wave: | 306 | ||
| Early receptor potential (ERP) (Fig. 11-11): | 306 | ||
| Photopic (light adapted): | 306 | ||
| Flicker ERG: | 306 | ||
| Scotopic (dark adapted): | 307 | ||
| At low intensity: | 307 | ||
| At increasing intensity: | 307 | ||
| Bright-flash ERG | 307 | ||
| Indications: | 307 | ||
| Disease states (Fig. 11-14, Table 11-2): | 307 | ||
| CRAO: | 307 | ||
| Ischemic CVO: | 307 | ||
| Retinitis pigmentosa: | 307 | ||
| Female carriers of X-linked RP: | 307 | ||
| Sector RP: | 307 | ||
| Cone dystrophy: | 308 | ||
| X-linked foveal retinoschisis: | 308 | ||
| Retinal detachment: | 308 | ||
| Diffuse progressive retinal disease: | 308 | ||
| Nonprogressive retinal disease: | 308 | ||
| MEWDS: | 308 | ||
| Chalcosis: | 308 | ||
| Retinal microvascular disease (diabetes, hypertension, CVO): | 308 | ||
| Achromotopsia: | 308 | ||
| Lebers congenital amaurosis: | 308 | ||
| CSNB: | 308 | ||
| Congenital rubella: | 308 | ||
| Glaucoma: | 308 | ||
| Optic neuropathy/atrophy: | 308 | ||
| Pattern ERG (PERG): | 308 | ||
| Multifocal ERG(mfERG): | 308 | ||
| Electro-oculogram (EOG) | 308 | ||
| Arden ratio: | 308 | ||
| Procedure: | 308 | ||
| Best disease and carriers: | 308 | ||
| Chloroquine toxicity | 308 | ||
| Retinal Imaging | 309 | ||
| Optical coherence tomography (OCT) | 309 | ||
| Heidelberg retinal tomograph (HRT) | 310 | ||
| Retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) | 310 | ||
| Scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) | 310 | ||
| Ultrasound | 310 | ||
| A-scan: | 310 | ||
| B-scan: | 310 | ||
| Reflectivity: | 311 | ||
| Internal structure: | 311 | ||
| Sound attenuation: | 311 | ||
| After movement: | 311 | ||
| Vascularity: | 311 | ||
| Specific lesions: | 311 | ||
| Asteroid hyalosis: | 311 | ||
| Answers to Questions | 371 | ||
| Chapter 1 Optics | 371 | ||
| Chapter 2 Pharmacology | 374 | ||
| Chapter 3 Embryology/Pathology | 375 | ||
| Chapter 4 Neuro-Ophthalmology | 376 | ||
| Chapter 5 Pediatrics/Strabismus | 379 | ||
| Chapter 6 Orbit/Lids/Adnexa | 381 | ||
| Chapter 7 Cornea/External Disease | 383 | ||
| Chapter 8 Uveitis | 385 | ||
| Chapter 9 Glaucoma | 386 | ||
| Chapter 10 Anterior Segment | 388 | ||
| Chapter 11 Posterior Segment | 391 | ||
| Additional Readings | 395 | ||
| Index | 397 |