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Intraoperative and Interventional Echocardiography

Intraoperative and Interventional Echocardiography

Donald Oxorn | Catherine M. Otto

(2016)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Case-based and heavily illustrated, Intraoperative and Interventional Echocardiography: Atlas of Transesophageal Imaging, 2nd Edition covers virtually every clinical scenario in which you’re likely to use TEE. Drs. Donald C. Oxorn and Catherine M. Otto provide practical, how-to guidance on transesophageal echocardiography, including new approaches and state-of-the-art technologies. More than 1,500 images sharpen your image acquisition and analysis skills and help you master this challenging technique.

  • Real-world cases and abundant, detailed figures and tables show you exactly how to proceed, step by step, and get the best results.
  • Each case begins with a brief presentation and discussion, and integrates clinical echocardiography, surgical pathology, and other imaging data.
  • Clear descriptions of preoperative pathology guide you in choosing the best approach to common problems.
  • The practice-based learning approach with expert commentary for each case helps you retain complex information and apply it in your daily practice.
  • Every chapter has been thoroughly revised, with discussions of new technology and new techniques, including several techniques that are on the verge of becoming mainstream.
  • New chapters cover current transcatheter valve therapies and device closures.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front cover Cover
Inside front cover IFC
Intraoperative and interventional echocardiography atlas of transesophageal imaging i
Copyright iv
Foreword v
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
Abbreviations xi
Table of Contents xiii
1 Coronary artery disease 1
Visualization of the coronary arteries and regional wall motion 5
CASE 1-1 Normal coronary arteries 5
Comments 5
Suggested reading 5
CASE 1-2 Right coronary artery dissection 6
Comments 8
Suggested reading 8
CASE 1-3 Right coronary artery air 8
Comments 9
Suggested reading 9
Myocardial infarction 10
CASE 1-4 Anterior myocardial infarction 10
Comments 12
Suggested reading 13
CASE 1-5 Inferior wall myocardial infarction with dyskinesis (true aneurysm) 13
CASE 1-6 Lateral wall myocardial infarction 15
CASE 1-7 Myocardial infarction followed by heart transplantation 17
Comments (cases 5 to 7) 18
Suggested reading 18
Complications of myocardial infarction 19
CASE 1-8 Postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect (anterior) 19
CASE 1-9 Postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect (posterior) 22
Comments (cases 8 and 9) 27
Suggested reading 27
CASE 1-10 Left ventricular reconstructive surgery (dor procedure) 27
Comments 30
Suggested reading 30
CASE 1-11 Postmyocardial infarction pseudoaneurysm 31
Commentary 34
Suggested reading 34
2 Mitral valve disease 35
Normal mitral valve 39
CASE 2-1 Normal mitral valve anatomy 39
Comments 39
Suggested reading 41
Myxomatous mitral valve disease 42
CASE 2-2 Posterior leaflet prolapse with flail central (p2) scallop 42
CASE 2-3 Posterior leaflet prolapse of medial (p3) scallop 49
CASE 2-4 Anterior leaflet prolapse of medial (a3) scallop 51
CASE 2-5 Bileaflet mitral valve prolapse 54
CASE 2-6 Mitral valve prolapse and aortic valve fibroelastoma 56
Comments 59
Suggested reading 59
Rheumatic mitral valve disease 60
CASE 2-7 Rheumatic mitral stenosis 60
CASE 2-8 Rheumatic mitral stenosis and regurgitation 62
Comments (for cases 2-7 and 2-8) 66
Suggested reading 66
Mitral regurgitation due to coronary artery disease 67
CASE 2-9 Ischemic mitral regurgitation 67
Comments 70
Suggested reading 70
CASE 2-10 Papillary muscle rupture 70
CASE 2-11 Another case of papillary muscle rupture 72
Comments (for cases 2-10 and 2-11) 75
Suggested reading 75
Mitral regurgitation secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy 76
CASE 2-12 Mitral regurgitation associated with dilated cardiomyopathy 76
Comments 80
Suggested reading 80
3 Aortic valve disease 81
Aortic valve anatomy 84
CASE 3-1a Normal trileaflet aortic valve 84
CASE 3-1b Bicuspid aortic valve 84
CASE 3-1c Unicuspid aortic valve 85
CASE 3-1d Quadricuspid aortic valve 86
Aortic stenosis 89
CASE 3-2 Severe calcific aortic stenosis 89
Comments 91
Suggested reading 92
CASE 3-3 Aortic stenosis with epiaortic scanning 93
Comments 94
Suggested reading 95
CASE 3-4 Moderate aortic stenosis in a patient undergoing coronary bypass surgery 95
Comments 97
Suggested reading 98
CASE 3-5 Rheumatic aortic stenosis 98
Comments 99
Suggested reading 99
Aortic regurgitation 100
CASE 3-6 Acute on chronic aortic regurgitation 100
Comments 103
Suggested reading 103
CASE 3-7 Rheumatic aortic regurgitation 104
Comments 106
Suggested reading 106
CASE 3-8 Traumatic acute aortic regurgitation 107
Comments 109
Suggested reading 110
CASE 3-9 Perforated aortic valve with regurgitation 110
Comments 112
Suggested reading 112
The bicuspid aortic valve 113
CASE 3-10 Combined stenosis and regurgitation 113
Comments 116
Suggested reading 116
CASE 3-11 Bicuspid valve with an aortic aneurysm 116
Comments 118
Suggested reading 118
CASE 3-12 Chronic aortic regurgitation 118
Comments 120
Suggested reading 120
4 Endocarditis 121
Native valve endocarditis 122
CASE 4-1 Aortic valve endocarditis 122
Comments 126
Suggested reading 127
CASE 4-2 Aortic and mitral valve vegetations 127
Comments 130
Suggested reading 130
CASE 4-3 Mitral valve endocarditis with perforated anterior leaflet 130
Comments 131
Suggested reading 131
CASE 4-4 Mitral valve endocarditis with perforated posterior leaflet 132
Comments 133
Suggested reading 133
CASE 4-5 Pulmonic valve vegetation 134
Comments 135
Suggested reading 135
CASE 4-6 Tricuspid valve endocarditis 135
Comments 139
Suggested reading 139
Complications of native valve endocarditis 140
CASE 4-7 Aortic annular abscess 140
Comments 142
Suggested reading 142
Prosthetic valve endocarditis 143
CASE 4-8 Bioprosthetic tricuspid valve endocarditis 143
Comments 144
Suggested reading 144
CASE 4-9 Mechanical mitral valve endocarditis 145
Comments 146
Suggested reading 146
CASE 4-10 Mechanical aortic valve endocarditis 147
Comments 148
Suggested reading 148
5 Surgical prosthetic valves 149
Prosthetic valves 149
Normal valves 154
CASE 5-1 Bioprosthetic aortic valve 154
Comments 154
Suggested reading 155
CASE 5-2 Bioprosthetic mitral valve 157
Comments 157
Suggested reading 157
CASE 5-3 Bioprosthetic tricuspid and pulmonic valves 160
Comments 160
Suggested reading 160
CASE 5-4 Bileaflet mechanical mitral valve 163
Comment 163
Suggested reading 164
CASE 5-5 Bileaflet mechanical aortic valve 164
Comments 166
Suggested reading 166
CASE 5-6 Bileaflet tricuspid and pulmonic valves 169
Comments 169
Suggested reading 169
Bioprosthetic valves: Dysfunction 170
CASE 5-7 Bioprosthetic aortic valve degeneration 170
Comments 171
Suggested reading 171
CASE 5-8 Bioprosthetic aortic valve stenosis 172
Comments 172
Suggested reading 172
CASE 5-9 Rocking aortic valve prosthesis 173
Comments 175
6 Right-sided valve disease 205
Normal tricuspid and pulmonic valves 211
CASE 6-1 Normal tricuspid and pulmonic valves 211
Comments 211
Rheumatic heart disease 212
CASE 6-2 Rheumatic mixed tricuspid disease associated with mitral stenosis 212
Comments 215
Suggested reading 215
CASE 6-3 Rheumatic tricuspid regurgitation in patient with bioprosthetic aortic valve 216
Comments 218
Suggested reading 218
Tricuspid annuloplasty 219
CASE 6-4 Tricuspid annuloplasty for secondary tricuspid regurgitation 219
Comments 221
Suggested reading 221
Ebstein’s anomaly 222
CASE 6-5 Ebstein’s anomaly 222
Comments 224
Suggested reading 224
CASE 6-6 Ebstein’s anomaly and patent foramen ovale 224
Comments 227
Suggested reading 227
Tricuspid valve prolapse/flail 228
CASE 6-7 Traumatic tricuspid regurgitation 228
Comments 230
Suggested reading 230
CASE 6-8 Tricuspid valve prolapse 231
Comments 232
Suggested reading 232
Carcinoid valve disease 233
CASE 6-9 Carcinoid valve disease 233
Comments 236
Suggested reading 236
Pulmonic valve 236
CASE 6-10 Severe pulmonic regurgitation 236
Comments 238
Suggested reading 238
CASE 6-11 Pulmonary homograft regurgitation/stenosis after ross procedure 239
Suggested reading 240
7 Adult congenital heart disease 241
Atrial septal defects 242
CASE 7-1 Anatomy and imaging of the atrial septum 242
CASE 7-2 Patent foramen ovale 246
Comments 247
Suggested reading 247
CASE 7-3 Atrial septal aneurysm 247
Comments 248
Suggested reading 248
CASE 7-4 Secundum atrial septal defect 249
Comments 251
Suggested reading 251
CASE 7-5 Primum atrial septal defect 251
Comments 254
Suggested reading 254
CASE 7-6 Primum atrial septal defect with previous atrioventricular canal defect repair 255
Comments 257
Suggested reading 258
CASE 7-7 Sinus venosus atrial septal defect 258
Comments 261
Suggested reading 261
CASE 7-8 Coronary sinus atrial septal defect 262
Comments 265
Suggested reading 265
Ventricular septal defects 266
CASE 7-9 Anatomy and imaging of the ventricular septum 266
Comments 268
Suggested reading 268
CASE 7-10 Membranous vsd 268
Comments 271
Suggested reading 271
CASE 7-11 Muscular vsd 272
Comments 273
Suggested reading 273
CASE 7-12 Supracristal vsd 274
Comments 275
Suggested reading 275
Abnormalities of the great vessels 276
CASE 7-13 Aortic coarctation 276
Comments 278
Suggested reading 278
CASE 7-14 Persistent left superior vena cava 278
Comments 282
Suggested reading 282
CASE 7-15 Right pulmonary artery stenosis 282
Comments 285
Suggested reading 285
Complex congenital heart disease 286
CASE 7-16 Subaortic membrane 286
Comments 287
Suggested reading 288
CASE 7-17 Corrected transposition of the great arteries (ventricular inversion) 288
Comments 291
Suggested reading 291
CASE 7-18 Tricuspid atresia with fontan physiology 291
Comments 294
Suggested reading 294
CASE 7-19 Severe pulmonic regurgitation after remote pulmonary valvotomy 295
Comments 298
Suggested reading 298
8 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 299
CASE 8-1 Transplant for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 300
CASE 8-2 Myomectomy for dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction 301
Comments 304
Suggested reading 304
CASE 8-3 Myomectomy for dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with 3d tee imaging 304
CASE 8-4 Postmyomectomy ventricular septal defect 307
Comments 310
Suggested reading 310
9 Pericardial disease 311
CASE 9-1 Pericardial effusion 312
Comments 316
Suggested reading 317
CASE 9-2 Pericardial constriction 317
Comments 320
Suggested reading 320
CASE 9-3 Pericardial tamponade during percutaneous coronary intervention 321
Comments 322
Suggested reading 322
10 Diseases of the great vessels 323
Pseudoaneurysms 324
CASE 10-1 Aortic pseudoaneurysm after avr with anterior extension 324
CASE 10-2 Aortic pseudoaneurysm after avr with posterior extension 326
CASE 10-3 Aortic pseudoaneurysm after ascending aortic graft dehiscence 330
Comments 331
Suggested reading 331
Aortic dissection 332
CASE 10-4 Ascending and aortic arch dissection 332
Comments 336
Suggested reading 336
CASE 10-5 Bicuspid valve and aortic dissection 337
Comments 343
Suggested reading 343
Complications of aortic dissection 344
CASE 10-6 Aortic dissection with severe aortic regurgitation 344
Comments 348
Suggested reading 348
CASE 10-7 Pericardial effusion and tamponade 348
Comments 350
Suggested reading 351
CASE 10-8 Right coronary artery compromise 351
Comments 353
Suggested reading 353
CASE 10-9 Right coronary and aortic valve involvement 353
Comments 355
Suggested reading 355
Sinus of valsalva aneurysms 355
CASE 10-10 Right coronary sinus of valsalva aneurysm with rvot obstruction 355
CASE 10-11 Right coronary sinus of valsalva aneurysm with rupture into the rvot 359
Comments 364
Suggested reading 364
Other aortic pathology and procedures 365
CASE 10-12 Aortic atheroma 365
Comments 367
Suggested reading 367
CASE 10-13 Penetrating ulcer of the ascending aorta 368
Comments 369
Suggested reading 369
CASE 10-14 Aortic valve replacement with coronary artery reimplantation (david procedure) 369
Comments 374
Suggested reading 374
Pulmonary artery pathology 375
CASE 10-15 Pulmonary thrombo-endarterectomy 375
Comments 378
Suggested reading 379
CASE 10-16 Two cases of pulmonary artery donor–recipient mismatch after orthotopic heart transplantation 379
Comments 384
Suggested reading 384
11 Masses 385
Normal variants 386
CASE 11-1 Left atrial appendage 386
CASE 11-2 Eustachian valve 387
CASE 11-3 Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum 387
CASE 11-4 Spinal cord 387
CASE 11-5 Lambl’s excrescence 390
Comments 391
Suggested reading 391
Thrombi 392
CASE 11-6 Left atrial appendage thrombus 392
Comments 393
Suggested reading 394
CASE 11-7 Left ventricular thrombus 394
Comments 395
Suggested reading 396
Primary cardiac tumors 396
CASE 11-8 Pulmonic valve mass 396
CASE 11-9 Aortic valve fibroelastoma 397
Comments for cases 11-8 and 11-9 398
Suggested reading 398
CASE 11-10 Atrial myxoma 398
Comments 399
Suggested reading 399
CASE 11-11 Obstruction of LV filling by myxoma 400
Comments 402
CASE 11-12 Pulmonary artery leiomyosarcoma 403
Comments 405
Suggested reading 405
CASE 11-13 Angiosarcoma 405
Comments 408
Suggested reading 408
Secondary tumors 409
CASE 11-14 Renal cell carcinoma with extension to right atrium 409
CASE 11-15 Renal cell carcinoma with tumor embolization to pulmonary artery 410
Comments for cases 11-14 and 11-15 412
Suggested reading 412
CASE 11-16 Right ventricular melanoma 412
Comments 414
Suggested reading 414
Pleural effusions 414
CASE 11-17 Left and right pleural effusions 414
12 Mechanical circulatory support 415
CASE 12-1 Intraaortic balloon pump 417
Comments 419
Suggested reading 419
CASE 12-2 External centrifugal pump devices 420
Comments 423
Suggested reading 423
CASE 12-3 Percutaneous axial flow assist devices 424
Comments 426
Suggested reading 426
CASE 12-4 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 426
Comments 429
Suggested reading 429
CASE 12-5 Left ventricular assist device 430
Comments 436
Suggested reading 436
CASE 12-6 Right ventricular assist device 436
Comments 438
Suggested reading 438
CASE 12-7 Total artificial heart 438
Suggested reading 442
13 Transcatheter valve therapies 443
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement 444
CASE 13-1 Balloon expandable bioprosthetic aortic valve 444
CASE 13-2 Transapical balloon expandable bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement 449
CASE 13-3 Self-expanding bioprosthetic aortic valve 451
Comments 454
Suggested reading 454
CASE 13-4 Paravalvular regurgitation after tavr deployment 455
Suggested reading 458
CASE 13-5 Transcatheter bioprosthetic valve prolapse 458
CASE 13-6 Annular rupture after valve deployment 460
Comments 465
Suggested reading 466
CASE 13-7 Valve-in-valve therapy for bioprosthetic mitral regurgitation 466
Comments 472
Suggested reading 473
CASE 13-8 Valve-in-valve therapy for bioprosthetic mitral stenosis 473
CASE 13-9 Valve-in-valve therapy for bioprosthetic aortic stenosis 478
Comments 481
Suggested reading 481
Transcatheter mitral valve therapies 482
CASE 13-10 Mitral balloon commissurotomy 482
Comments 485
Suggested reading 485
CASE 13-11 Transcatheter mitral valve clip 486
Comments 492
Suggested reading 492
14 Transcatheter closure devices 493
Atrial septum 494
CASE 14-1 Anatomy and imaging of atrial septum 494
CASE 14-2 Pfo device closure for recurrent transient neurological events 494
Comments 498
Suggested reading 498
CASE 14-3 Embolization of asd closure device 499
CASE 14-4 Prolapsing atrial septal defect closure device 502
Comments 503
Suggested reading 503
Ventricular septum 504
CASE 14-5 Anatomy and imaging of ventricular septum 504
CASE 14-6 Closure of vsd secondary to myocardial infarction 504
Comments 507
Suggested reading 507
Prosthetic paravalvular regurgitation 508
CASE 14-7 Transcatheter closure of paraprosthetic mitral valve leak 508
CASE 14-8 Dislodgement of paraprosthetic occluder device 511
CASE 14-9 Regurgitation posterior to mitral annuloplasty ring 516
Comments 520
Suggested reading 520
Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm 521
CASE 14-10 Percutaneous closure of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm 521
Comments 524
Suggested reading 524
Left atrial appendage 525
CASE 14-11 Left atrial appendage occlusion device 525
Comments 532
Suggested reading 532
Index 533
A 533
B 535
C 535
D 536
E 536
F 536
G 537
H 537
I 537
L 537
M 537
N 539
O 539
P 539
Q 541
R 541
S 541
T 541
V 542
W 542
Inside back cover IBC