Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Now fully revised to include recent advances in the field, the second edition of Pulmonary Pathology, a volume in the Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology series, is an essential foundation text for residents and pathologists. The popular template format makes it easy to use, and new information throughout brings you up to date with what’s new in pulmonary pathology and pulmonary medicine, including molecular genetics and personalized medicine therapies. Practical and affordable, this resource by Drs. Dani S. Zander and Carol F. Farver is ideal for study and review as well as everyday clinical practice.
- Coverage of both common and rare neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the lung and pleura.
- A focus primarily on diagnosis, with correlations to clinical and radiographic characteristics.
- Clinical and Pathologic Features summarized in quick-reference boxes for fast retrieval of information.
- Hundreds of photomicrographs and gross photographs – most in full color – depict important pathologic features, enabling you to form a differential diagnosis and compare your findings with actual cases.
- Contributions from internationally recognized pathologists, keeping you up to date with the latest information in the field.
- Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability.
- Virtual Microscope slides now available online.
- Molecular genetics and personalized medicine therapies included throughout.
- New classification and approaches to diagnosis and management of pediatric diffuse lung diseases.
- 9/11-related lung disease and other recently described environmental lung diseases.
- Information on susceptibility genes for individual diseases.
- Viral linkage and new therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and well as information on endobronchial ultrasound-guided needle aspiration.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| IFC | ES1 | ||
| Pulmonary Pathology | i | ||
| Other books in this series | ii | ||
| Pulmonary Pathology: A Volume in the Series Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| CONTRIBUTORS | vii | ||
| FOREWORD | ix | ||
| PREFACE | xi | ||
| CONTENTS | xiii | ||
| Pulmonary Pathology | xv | ||
| 1 - Normal Anatomy, Tissue Artifacts, and Incidental Structures | 1 | ||
| NORMAL ANATOMY | 1 | ||
| AIRWAYS | 1 | ||
| GAS EXCHANGE UNITS | 2 | ||
| VASCULATURE | 3 | ||
| LYMPHATICS AND IMMUNE EFFECTOR CELLS | 4 | ||
| PLEURA | 4 | ||
| ARTIFACTS | 4 | ||
| INCIDENTAL FINDINGS | 5 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 7 | ||
| 2 - The Uses and Abuses of the Lung Biopsy | 8 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 8 | ||
| HISTORY | 8 | ||
| EFFICACY OF THE TRANSBRONCHIAL LUNG BIOPSY AND CRYOBIOPSY | 8 | ||
| PROBLEMS WITH LUNG BIOPSY | 11 | ||
| ISSUES OF TISSUE | 11 | ||
| INTERPRETIVE ISSUES | 11 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 13 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 13 | ||
| 3 - A Pattern-Based Approach to Diagnosis | 14 | ||
| 4 - Congenital, Developmental, and Inherited Disorders | 42 | ||
| DIFFUSE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS | 42 | ||
| Clinical Features | 42 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 43 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 43 | ||
| SURFACTANT DYSFUNCTION DISORDERS | 43 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 46 | ||
| DEVELOPMENTAL “CYSTIC” LESIONS | 46 | ||
| Clinical and Pathologic Features | 46 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 48 | ||
| DISORDERS WITH ABNORMAL BRONCHIAL CONNECTION: BRONCHIAL ATRESIA, INTRALOBAR SEQUESTRATION, AND EXTRALOBAR SEQUESTRATION | 49 | ||
| Clinical and Pathologic Features | 49 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 50 | ||
| PRIMARY PULMONARY LYMPHATIC DISORDERS | 51 | ||
| Clinical and Pathologic Features | 51 | ||
| PRIMARY CILIARY DYSKINESIA | 55 | ||
| Clinical Features | 55 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 55 | ||
| CYSTIC FIBROSIS | 56 | ||
| Clinical Features | 56 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 58 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 58 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 59 | ||
| Diffuse Developmental Disorders | 59 | ||
| Surfactant Dysfunction Disorders | 59 | ||
| Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation, Large Cyst Type | 59 | ||
| Lymphatic Disorders | 60 | ||
| Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia | 60 | ||
| Cystic Fibrosis | 60 | ||
| 5 - Acquired and Idiopathic Disorders in Neonates and Young Children | 61 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 61 | ||
| GROWTH ABNORMALITIES | 61 | ||
| Clinical Features | 62 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 63 | ||
| Gross Findings | 63 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 63 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 63 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 63 | ||
| PULMONARY INTERSTITIAL GLYCOGENOSIS | 65 | ||
| Clinical Features | 65 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 66 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 66 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 66 | ||
| Ultrastructural Features | 66 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 66 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 66 | ||
| NEUROENDOCRINE CELL HYPERPLASIA OF INFANCY | 68 | ||
| Clinical Features | 68 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 69 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 69 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 69 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 70 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 70 | ||
| PERSISTENT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION OF THE NEWBORN | 71 | ||
| Clinical Features | 71 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 72 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 72 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 72 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 72 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 72 | ||
| Prognosis And Therapy | 72 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF PREMATURITY AND ITS THERAPY | 73 | ||
| Clinical Features | 73 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 75 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 76 | ||
| Gross Findings | 76 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 76 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 77 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 79 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 79 | ||
| Growth Abnormalities | 79 | ||
| Pulmonary Interstitial Glycogenosis | 80 | ||
| Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia of Infancy | 80 | ||
| Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn | 80 | ||
| Complications of Prematurity and Its Therapy | 80 | ||
| 6 - Lung Neoplasms in Infants and Children | 81 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 81 | ||
| PLEUROPULMONARY BLASTOMA | 81 | ||
| Clinical Features | 82 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 83 | ||
| Gross Findings | 83 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 83 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 84 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 85 | ||
| CONGENITAL PERIBRONCHIAL MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMOR | 87 | ||
| Clinical Features | 88 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 88 | ||
| Gross Features | 88 | ||
| Microscopic Features | 88 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 89 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 90 | ||
| FETAL LUNG INTERSTITIAL TUMOR | 90 | ||
| Clinical Features | 91 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 91 | ||
| Gross Features | 91 | ||
| Microscopic Features | 91 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 91 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 92 | ||
| EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS–ASSOCIATED SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMOR | 93 | ||
| Clinical Features | 93 | ||
| Gross Findings | 94 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 94 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 95 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 95 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 95 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 96 | ||
| General Information | 96 | ||
| Epithelial Neoplasms | 96 | ||
| Pleuropulmonary Blastoma | 96 | ||
| Congenital Peribronchial Myofibroblastic Tumor | 96 | ||
| Fetal Lung Interstitial Tumor | 96 | ||
| Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Smooth Muscle Tumor | 96 | ||
| 7 - Vascular Diseases | 98 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 98 | ||
| EDEMA | 98 | ||
| Clinical Features | 99 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 99 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 99 | ||
| Gross Findings | 99 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 99 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 101 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 101 | ||
| CONGESTIVE VASCULOPATHY AND CHRONIC PASSIVE CONGESTION | 101 | ||
| Clinical Features | 102 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 102 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 102 | ||
| Gross Findings | 102 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 102 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 104 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 106 | ||
| THROMBOEMBOLISM | 106 | ||
| Clinical Features | 106 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 107 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 107 | ||
| Gross Findings | 107 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 107 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 111 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 111 | ||
| PULMONARY HYPERTENSION | 112 | ||
| Clinical Features | 113 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 114 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 114 | ||
| Gross Findings | 114 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 114 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 116 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 116 | ||
| PULMONARY VENOOCCLUSIVE DISEASE | 118 | ||
| Clinical Features | 118 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 119 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 119 | ||
| Gross Findings | 119 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 119 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 120 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 120 | ||
| PULMONARY CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMATOSIS | 120 | ||
| Clinical Features | 120 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 121 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 121 | ||
| Gross Findings | 121 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 121 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 122 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 122 | ||
| LYMPHANGIOMATOSIS | 122 | ||
| Clinical Features | 122 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 123 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 123 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 123 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 123 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 123 | ||
| ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS | 123 | ||
| Clinical Features | 124 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 124 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 125 | ||
| Gross Findings | 125 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 125 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 125 | ||
| DRUG-RELATED VASCULAR DISEASES | 125 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 125 | ||
| Edema | 125 | ||
| Thromboembolism | 125 | ||
| Pulmonary Hypertension | 125 | ||
| Pulmonary Venoocclusive Disease | 125 | ||
| Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis | 126 | ||
| Lymphangiomatosis | 126 | ||
| Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation | 126 | ||
| 8 - Vasculitides and Other Causes of Pulmonary Hemorrhage | 127 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 127 | ||
| GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS (WEGENER’S GRANULOMATOSIS) | 127 | ||
| Clinical Features | 128 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 129 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 129 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 130 | ||
| Prognosis And Therapy | 134 | ||
| Clinical Features | 135 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 136 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 136 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 138 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 138 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS | 138 | ||
| Clinical Features | 139 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 139 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 139 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 141 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 141 | ||
| NECROTIZING SARCOID GRANULOMATOSIS | 141 | ||
| Clinical Features | 141 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 141 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 142 | ||
| Gross Findings | 142 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 142 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 142 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 143 | ||
| ANTIBASEMENT MEMBRANE ANTIBODY DISEASE (GOODPASTURE’S SYNDROME) | 144 | ||
| Clinical Features | 144 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 145 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 145 | ||
| Gross Findings | 145 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 145 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 145 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 145 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY HEMOSIDEROSIS | 146 | ||
| Clinical Features | 146 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 147 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 147 | ||
| Gross Findings | 147 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 147 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 147 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 147 | ||
| BEHÇET’S DISEASE | 148 | ||
| Clinical Features | 148 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 148 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 148 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 148 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 148 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 148 | ||
| OTHER UNCOMMON PULMONARY VASCULITIDES | 149 | ||
| Polyarteritis Nodosa | 149 | ||
| Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | 149 | ||
| Takayasu’s Arteritis | 149 | ||
| Giant Cell Arteritis | 149 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 149 | ||
| Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis | 149 | ||
| Eosiniphilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis | 149 | ||
| Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis | 149 | ||
| Antibasement Membrane Antibody Disease (Goodpasture’s Syndrome) | 149 | ||
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis | 150 | ||
| Behçet’s Disease | 150 | ||
| 9 - Acute Lung Injury | 151 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 151 | ||
| DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR DAMAGE | 151 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 152 | ||
| Gross Findings | 152 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 152 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 152 | ||
| Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia | 156 | ||
| Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia, Fibrosing Variant | 156 | ||
| Usual Interstitial Pneumonia | 156 | ||
| 10 - Bacterial Diseases | 163 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 163 | ||
| COMMON BACTERIAL PNEUMONIAS | 163 | ||
| STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE | 163 | ||
| Clinical Features | 163 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 164 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 164 | ||
| Gross Findings | 164 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 164 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 165 | ||
| Microbiology | 165 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 165 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 165 | ||
| STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPECIES | 165 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 165 | ||
| Clinical Features | 166 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 167 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 167 | ||
| Gross Findings | 167 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 167 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 167 | ||
| Microbiology | 167 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 169 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 169 | ||
| KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE | 169 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 169 | ||
| Clinical Features | 169 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 169 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 170 | ||
| Gross Findings | 170 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 170 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 170 | ||
| Microbiology | 170 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 170 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 170 | ||
| ESCHERICHIA COLI | 170 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 170 | ||
| Clinical Features | 170 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 171 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 171 | ||
| Gross Findings | 171 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 171 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 171 | ||
| Microbiology | 171 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 171 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 171 | ||
| STREPTOCOCCUS SPECIES | 171 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 171 | ||
| Clinical Features | 172 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 172 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 172 | ||
| Gross Findings | 172 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 172 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 172 | ||
| Microbiology | 172 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 173 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 173 | ||
| HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE | 173 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 173 | ||
| Clinical Features | 174 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 174 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 174 | ||
| Gross Findings | 174 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 174 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 174 | ||
| Microbiology | 174 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 174 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 174 | ||
| PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA | 174 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 174 | ||
| Clinical Features | 175 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 175 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 175 | ||
| Gross Findings | 175 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 175 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 175 | ||
| Microbiology | 175 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 177 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 177 | ||
| LEGIONELLA SPECIES | 177 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 177 | ||
| Clinical Features | 177 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 178 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 178 | ||
| Gross Findings | 178 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 178 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 178 | ||
| Microbiology | 178 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 178 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 178 | ||
| NOCARDIOSIS (NOCARDIA SPECIES) | 178 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 178 | ||
| Clinical Features | 180 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 180 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 180 | ||
| Gross Findings | 180 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 180 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 180 | ||
| Microbiology | 180 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 180 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 180 | ||
| ACTINOMYCOSIS (ACTINOMYCES SPECIES) | 180 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 180 | ||
| Clinical Features | 181 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 182 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 182 | ||
| Gross Findings | 182 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 182 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 182 | ||
| Microbiology | 182 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 183 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 183 | ||
| SEQUELAE OF ASPIRATION | 183 | ||
| Clinical Features | 183 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 183 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 183 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 184 | ||
| Gross Findings | 184 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 184 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 185 | ||
| Microbiology | 185 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 185 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 185 | ||
| UNCOMMON BACTERIAL PNEUMONIAS | 185 | ||
| PULMONARY MELIOIDOSIS (BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI) | 185 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 185 | ||
| Clinical Features | 185 | ||
| 11 - Mycobacterial Diseases | 201 | ||
| TUBERCULOSIS | 201 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 201 | ||
| Clinical Features | 201 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 203 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 203 | ||
| Gross Findings | 203 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 203 | ||
| Complications of Pulmonary Tuberculosis | 205 | ||
| Staining Characteristics of Mycobacteria | 206 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 206 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 206 | ||
| Cytologic Diagnosis | 207 | ||
| Ultrastructural Studies | 207 | ||
| Molecular Studies | 207 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 207 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 208 | ||
| NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS | 209 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 209 | ||
| CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES | 209 | ||
| CAVITARY LUNG DISEASE | 210 | ||
| DISSEMINATED DISEASE | 211 | ||
| CHRONIC BRONCHIOLITIS WITH BRONCHIECTASIS | 211 | ||
| HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS | 211 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 213 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 215 | ||
| Nontuberculous Mycobacteria | 216 | ||
| 12 - Fungal Diseases | 217 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 217 | ||
| COMMON FUNGAL INFECTIONS | 217 | ||
| HISTOPLASMOSIS | 217 | ||
| Clinical Features | 217 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 218 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 218 | ||
| Gross Findings | 218 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 218 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 220 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 220 | ||
| BLASTOMYCOSIS | 220 | ||
| Clinical Features | 220 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 221 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 221 | ||
| Gross Findings | 221 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 221 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 221 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 221 | ||
| CRYPTOCOCCOSIS | 221 | ||
| Clinical Features | 222 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 222 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 222 | ||
| Gross Findings | 222 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 223 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 223 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 223 | ||
| CANDIDIASIS | 223 | ||
| Clinical Features | 224 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 224 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 224 | ||
| Gross Findings | 224 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 224 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 225 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 225 | ||
| ASPERGILLOSIS | 225 | ||
| Clinical Features | 226 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 226 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 226 | ||
| Gross Findings | 226 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 227 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 227 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 227 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 227 | ||
| MUCORMYCOSIS (ZYGOMYCOSIS) | 227 | ||
| Clinical Features | 227 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 229 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 229 | ||
| Gross Findings | 229 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 229 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 229 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 229 | ||
| COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS | 230 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 230 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 231 | ||
| Gross Findings | 231 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 231 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 231 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 232 | ||
| PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS | 232 | ||
| Clinical Features | 233 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 233 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 233 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 233 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 233 | ||
| PNEUMOCYSTOSIS | 234 | ||
| Clinical Features | 234 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 234 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 235 | ||
| Gross Findings | 235 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 235 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 236 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 236 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 236 | ||
| UNCOMMON FUNGAL INFECTIONS | 236 | ||
| PSEUDALLESCHERIASIS | 236 | ||
| FUSARIOSIS | 237 | ||
| SPOROTRICHOSIS | 237 | ||
| PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS | 238 | ||
| TRICHOSPORONOSIS | 239 | ||
| GEOTRICHOSIS | 240 | ||
| PENICILLIOSIS | 240 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests | 240 | ||
| Histoplasmosis | 240 | ||
| Blastomycosis | 241 | ||
| Cryptococcosis | 241 | ||
| Candidiasis | 241 | ||
| Aspergillosis | 241 | ||
| Mucormycosis | 241 | ||
| Coccidioidomycosis | 241 | ||
| Phaeohyphomycosis | 241 | ||
| Pneumocystosis | 241 | ||
| Pseudallescheriasis | 242 | ||
| Fusariosis | 242 | ||
| Sporotrichosis | 242 | ||
| Paracoccidioidomycosis | 242 | ||
| Trichosporonosis | 242 | ||
| Geotrichosis | 242 | ||
| Penicilliosis | 243 | ||
| 13 - Viral Diseases | 244 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 244 | ||
| ADENOVIRUSES | 244 | ||
| Clinical Features | 244 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 245 | ||
| Gross Findings | 245 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 245 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 246 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 246 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 246 | ||
| HANTAVIRUSES | 247 | ||
| Clinical Features | 248 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 249 | ||
| Gross Findings | 249 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 249 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 249 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 249 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 249 | ||
| Clinical Features | 251 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 251 | ||
| Gross Findings | 252 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 252 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 252 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 252 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 252 | ||
| CYTOMEGALOVIRUS | 253 | ||
| Clinical Features | 254 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 255 | ||
| Gross Findings | 255 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 255 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 256 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 256 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 257 | ||
| HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUSES | 257 | ||
| Clinical Features | 257 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 258 | ||
| Gross Findings | 258 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 258 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 258 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 259 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 260 | ||
| VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS | 260 | ||
| Clinical Features | 260 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 261 | ||
| Gross Findings | 261 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 261 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 261 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 263 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 263 | ||
| INFLUENZA VIRUSES | 263 | ||
| Clinical Features | 263 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 264 | ||
| Gross Findings | 264 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 264 | ||
| Ancillary Studies and Differential Diagnosis | 265 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 267 | ||
| MEASLES VIRUS | 268 | ||
| Clinical Features | 268 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 268 | ||
| Gross Findings | 268 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 269 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 269 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 269 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 269 | ||
| HUMAN PARAINFLUENZA VIRUSES | 271 | ||
| Clinical Features | 271 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 271 | ||
| Gross Findings | 271 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 271 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 272 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 272 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 272 | ||
| RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS | 272 | ||
| Clinical Features | 272 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 273 | ||
| Gross Findings | 273 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 274 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 274 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 275 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 275 | ||
| HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS | 276 | ||
| Clinical Features | 276 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 276 | ||
| Gross Findings | 276 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 277 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 277 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 278 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 278 | ||
| ENTEROVIRUSES | 278 | ||
| Clinical Features | 278 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 279 | ||
| Gross Findings | 279 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 279 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 280 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 280 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 280 | ||
| HENIPAVIRUSES | 280 | ||
| Clinical Features | 280 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 281 | ||
| Gross Findings | 281 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 281 | ||
| Ancillary Studies and Differential Diagnosis | 281 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 281 | ||
| HEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUSES | 282 | ||
| Clinical Features | 283 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 283 | ||
| Gross Findings | 283 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 284 | ||
| Ancillary Studies and Differential Diagnosis | 285 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 285 | ||
| Adenoviruses | 285 | ||
| Hantaviruses | 285 | ||
| Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome | 285 | ||
| Cytomegalovirus | 286 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Viruses | 286 | ||
| Varicella Zoster Virus | 286 | ||
| Influenza Viruses | 286 | ||
| Measles Virus | 286 | ||
| Human Parainfluenza Virus | 287 | ||
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus | 287 | ||
| Human Metapneumovirus | 287 | ||
| Enteroviruses | 287 | ||
| Henipahviruses | 287 | ||
| Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses | 288 | ||
| 14 - Human Parasitic Pulmonary Infections | 289 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 289 | ||
| PROTOZOAL CAUSES OF LUNG DISEASE | 289 | ||
| FALCIPARUM MALARIA (PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM) | 290 | ||
| Clinical Features | 290 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 290 | ||
| Gross Findings | 290 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 291 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 291 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 291 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 291 | ||
| TOXOPLASMOSIS (TOXOPLASMA GONDII) | 293 | ||
| Clinical Features | 293 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 294 | ||
| Gross Findings | 294 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 294 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 294 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 295 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 295 | ||
| LESS COMMON PROTOZOAL CAUSES OF LUNG DISEASE | 295 | ||
| HELMINTHIC CAUSES OF LUNG DISEASE | 295 | ||
| NEMATODES | 295 | ||
| STRONGYLOIDIASIS (STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS) | 296 | ||
| Clinical Features | 296 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 297 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 297 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 297 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 298 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 298 | ||
| VISCERAL LARVA MIGRANS | 298 | ||
| Clinical Features | 299 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 299 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 299 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 300 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 300 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 301 | ||
| PULMONARY DISEASES CAUSED BY FILARIAL WORMS | 301 | ||
| DIROFILARIASIS (DIROFILARIA IMMITIS) | 301 | ||
| Clinical Features | 301 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 302 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 302 | ||
| Gross Findings | 302 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 302 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 302 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 302 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 303 | ||
| TROPICAL PULMONARY EOSINOPHILIA AND ABERRANT FILARIA | 303 | ||
| Clinical Features | 303 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 304 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 304 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 305 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 305 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 305 | ||
| OTHER NEMATODES CAUSING LUNG DISEASE | 306 | ||
| CESTODAL CAUSES OF LUNG DISEASE | 306 | ||
| ECHINOCOCCOSIS (ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS, E. MULTILOCULARIS) | 306 | ||
| Clinical Features | 306 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 307 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 307 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 308 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 309 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 309 | ||
| TREMATODAL CAUSES OF LUNG DISEASE | 309 | ||
| PARAGONIMIASIS (PARAGONIMUS SPECIES) | 309 | ||
| Clinical Features | 309 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 309 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 310 | ||
| Gross Findings | 310 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 310 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 312 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 312 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 312 | ||
| OTHER TREMATODES CAUSING LUNG DISEASE | 312 | ||
| MIMICS OF PARASITES IN HUMAN TISSUES | 313 | ||
| Falciparum Malaria (Malarial Lung) | 313 | ||
| Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) | 313 | ||
| Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides stercoralis) | 314 | ||
| Visceral Larva Migrans | 314 | ||
| Filarial Worms | 314 | ||
| Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia and Aberrant Filaria | 314 | ||
| Echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus, E. multilocularis) | 314 | ||
| Paragonimiasis (Paragonimus species) | 314 | ||
| 15 - Chlamydial, Mycoplasmal, Rickettsial, and Ehrlichial Diseases | 315 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 315 | ||
| MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA | 315 | ||
| CHLAMYDIAL PNEUMONIAS | 316 | ||
| Q FEVER PNEUMONIA | 318 | ||
| RICKETTSIAL PNEUMONIAS | 320 | ||
| SCRUB TYPHUS PNEUMONIA | 322 | ||
| EHRLICHIAL PNEUMONIA | 324 | ||
| ANAPLASMA PNEUMONIA | 325 | ||
| Chlamydia | 326 | ||
| Q Fever | 326 | ||
| Rickettsiae | 326 | ||
| 16 - Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias | 327 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 327 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS/USUAL INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA | 328 | ||
| Clinical Features | 328 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 329 | ||
| Chest Radiography | 329 | ||
| High-Resolution Computerized Tomography | 329 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 329 | ||
| Gross Findings | 329 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 330 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 331 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 332 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC NONSPECIFIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA | 332 | ||
| Clinical Features | 332 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 333 | ||
| Chest Radiography | 333 | ||
| High-Resolution Computed Tomography | 333 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 333 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 333 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 334 | ||
| CRYPTOGENIC ORGANIZING PNEUMONIA | 334 | ||
| Clinical Features | 336 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 336 | ||
| Chest Radiography | 336 | ||
| High-Resolution Computed Tomography | 336 | ||
| Gross Findings | 336 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 336 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 336 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 336 | ||
| ACUTE INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA | 337 | ||
| Clinical Features | 338 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 338 | ||
| Chest Radiography | 338 | ||
| High-Resolution Computed Tomography | 338 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 338 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 338 | ||
| Prognosis And Therapy | 339 | ||
| RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLITIS–ASSOCIATED INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE, DESQUAMATIVE INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA, AND RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLIT... | 339 | ||
| Clinical Features | 339 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 339 | ||
| Chest Radiography | 339 | ||
| High-Resolution Computed Tomography | 339 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 339 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 341 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 342 | ||
| LYMPHOID INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA | 342 | ||
| Clinical Features | 343 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 343 | ||
| Chest Radiography | 343 | ||
| High-Resolution Computed Tomography | 343 | ||
| Gross Findings | 343 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 343 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 343 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 343 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 344 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC PLEUROPARENCHYMAL FIBROELASTOSIS | 344 | ||
| UNCLASSIFIABLE IDIOPATHIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA | 345 | ||
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/Usual Interstitial Pneumonia | 345 | ||
| Idiopathic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia | 345 | ||
| Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia | 346 | ||
| Acute Interstitial Pneumonia | 346 | ||
| Respiratory Bronchiolitis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease, Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia, and Respiratory Bronchiolit... | 346 | ||
| Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia | 346 | ||
| Idiopathic Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis and Unclassifiable Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia | 346 | ||
| 17 - Other Interstitial Lung Diseases | 347 | ||
| HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS | 347 | ||
| Clinical Features | 347 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 347 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 347 | ||
| Gross Findings | 347 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 348 | ||
| Cytologic Findings | 351 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 351 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 351 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 351 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 351 | ||
| SARCOIDOSIS | 351 | ||
| Clinical Features | 351 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 352 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 353 | ||
| Gross Findings | 353 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 353 | ||
| Cytologic Findings | 353 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 353 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 357 | ||
| LYMPHANGIOLEIOMYOMATOSIS | 357 | ||
| Clinical Features | 357 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 358 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 358 | ||
| Gross Findings | 358 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 358 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 358 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 358 | ||
| Ultrastructural Studies | 358 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 358 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 362 | ||
| PULMONARY ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS | 362 | ||
| Clinical Features | 362 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 362 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 363 | ||
| Gross Findings | 363 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 363 | ||
| Cytologic Findings | 363 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 365 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 365 | ||
| Ultrastructural Studies | 365 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 365 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 365 | ||
| ACUTE EOSINOPHILIC PNEUMONIA | 366 | ||
| Clinical Features | 366 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 366 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 366 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 366 | ||
| Cytologic Findings | 366 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 367 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 368 | ||
| CHRONIC EOSINOPHILIC PNEUMONIA | 368 | ||
| Clinical Features | 368 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 368 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 369 | ||
| Gross Findings | 369 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 369 | ||
| Cytologic Findings | 369 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 369 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 371 | ||
| OTHER BRONCHIOLOCENTRIC PATTERNS OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE | 371 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 372 | ||
| Sarcoidosis | 372 | ||
| Lymphangioleiomyomatosis | 372 | ||
| Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis | 373 | ||
| Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia | 373 | ||
| Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia | 373 | ||
| Other Bronchiolocentric Patterns of Interstitial Lung Disease | 373 | ||
| 18 - Environmental- and Toxin-Induced Lung Diseases | 374 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 374 | ||
| ASBESTOSIS AND OTHER ASBESTOS-RELATED LUNG PATHOLOGY | 374 | ||
| Clinical Features | 374 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 375 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 376 | ||
| Gross Findings | 376 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 376 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 376 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 379 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 379 | ||
| SILICOSIS | 379 | ||
| Clinical Features | 380 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 380 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 380 | ||
| Gross Findings | 380 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 380 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 381 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 381 | ||
| COAL MINE DUST LUNG DISEASE | 381 | ||
| Clinical Features | 382 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 382 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 384 | ||
| Gross Findings | 384 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 385 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 385 | ||
| 19 - Drug Reactions and Other Iatrogenic Pulmonary Diseases | 396 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 396 | ||
| AMIODARONE | 397 | ||
| CONVENTIONAL CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS | 399 | ||
| BLEOMYCIN | 399 | ||
| CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE | 400 | ||
| METHOTREXATE | 401 | ||
| TARGETED THERAPIES | 401 | ||
| TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS | 401 | ||
| ANTIANGIOGENIC THERAPIES | 402 | ||
| MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN INHIBITORS | 402 | ||
| MESALAMINE | 402 | ||
| NITROFURANTOIN | 403 | ||
| STATINS | 404 | ||
| RADIATION | 405 | ||
| ILLICIT DRUG USE | 406 | ||
| Amiodarone | 407 | ||
| Chemotherapeutic Agents | 408 | ||
| Illicit Drugs | 408 | ||
| Mesalamine | 408 | ||
| Nitrofurantoin | 408 | ||
| Radiation | 408 | ||
| Statins | 408 | ||
| Targeted Agents | 408 | ||
| 20 - Emphysema and Diseases of Large Airways | 409 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 409 | ||
| EMPHYSEMA | 409 | ||
| Clinical and Laboratory Features | 410 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 411 | ||
| Gross Findings | 411 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 411 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 412 | ||
| CHRONIC BRONCHITIS | 413 | ||
| Clinical Features | 413 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 413 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 413 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 414 | ||
| ASTHMA | 414 | ||
| Clinical Features | 414 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 416 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 416 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 417 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 417 | ||
| ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS | 417 | ||
| Clinical and Laboratory Features | 417 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 419 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 419 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 420 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 420 | ||
| BRONCHIECTASIS | 420 | ||
| Clinical Features | 423 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 423 | ||
| Gross Findings | 423 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 423 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 424 | ||
| Emphysema | 426 | ||
| Chronic Bronchitis | 426 | ||
| Asthma | 426 | ||
| Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis | 426 | ||
| Bronchiectasis | 426 | ||
| 21 - Diseases of Small Airways | 427 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 427 | ||
| ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS | 427 | ||
| Clinical Features | 429 | ||
| Pulmonary Function Testing | 430 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 430 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 430 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 430 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 432 | ||
| CONSTRICTIVE BRONCHIOLITIS | 432 | ||
| Pulmonary Function Testing | 433 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 433 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 433 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 434 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 434 | ||
| FOLLICULAR BRONCHIOLITIS | 435 | ||
| Clinical Features | 435 | ||
| Pulmonary Function Testing | 436 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 436 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 436 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 436 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 437 | ||
| RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLITIS | 437 | ||
| DIFFUSE PANBRONCHIOLITIS | 437 | ||
| Clinical Features | 438 | ||
| Pulmonary Function Testing | 438 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 438 | ||
| Laboratory Features | 439 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 440 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 440 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 440 | ||
| MINERAL DUST AIRWAY DISEASE | 442 | ||
| Clinical Features | 442 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 442 | ||
| Pulmonary Function Testing | 442 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 442 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 443 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 443 | ||
| PERIBRONCHIOLAR METAPLASIA | 443 | ||
| Acute Bronchiolitis | 443 | ||
| Constrictive Bronchiolitis | 443 | ||
| Follicular Bronchiolitis | 443 | ||
| Respiratory Bronchiolitis | 444 | ||
| Diffuse Panbronchiolitis | 444 | ||
| Mineral Dust Airway Disease | 444 | ||
| Peribronchiolar Metaplasia | 444 | ||
| 22 - Lymphoid Lesions of the Lung | 445 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 445 | ||
| INTRAPARENCHYMAL LYMPH NODE | 445 | ||
| Clinical Features | 445 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 446 | ||
| Gross Findings | 446 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 446 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 446 | ||
| LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA | 447 | ||
| FOLLICULAR BRONCHIOLITIS | 447 | ||
| Clinical Features | 447 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 448 | ||
| Gross Findings | 448 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 448 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 450 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 450 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 450 | ||
| LYMPHOID INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA | 450 | ||
| Clinical Features | 451 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 451 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 451 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 453 | ||
| Molecular Analysis | 453 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 453 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 453 | ||
| NODULAR LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA | 453 | ||
| Clinical Features | 454 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 454 | ||
| Gross Findings | 454 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 454 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 456 | ||
| Molecular Analysis | 456 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 456 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 456 | ||
| IGG4-RELATED DISEASE | 456 | ||
| Clinical Features | 456 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 457 | ||
| Gross Findings | 457 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 457 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 457 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 458 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 458 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 459 | ||
| PULMONARY EXTRANODAL MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA OF BRONCHUS–ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE | 460 | ||
| Clinical Features | 460 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 461 | ||
| Gross Findings | 461 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 461 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry/Flow Cytometry | 462 | ||
| Molecular Analysis | 462 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 462 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 463 | ||
| LYMPHOMATOID GRANULOMATOSIS | 463 | ||
| Clinical Features | 464 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 464 | ||
| Gross Findings | 464 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 464 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 464 | ||
| Molecular Analysis | 464 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 464 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 467 | ||
| POSTTRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS | 467 | ||
| Clinical Features | 467 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 467 | ||
| Gross Findings | 467 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 470 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 470 | ||
| Molecular Analysis | 470 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 470 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 470 | ||
| DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA | 470 | ||
| Clinical Features | 471 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 471 | ||
| Gross Findings | 471 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 471 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry/Flow Cytometry | 471 | ||
| Molecular Analysis | 471 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 471 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 473 | ||
| PRIMARY PULMONARY HODGKIN LYMPHOMA | 473 | ||
| Clinical Features | 474 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 474 | ||
| Gross Findings | 474 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 474 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 475 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 475 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 475 | ||
| PULMONARY INVOLVEMENT BY LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA | 476 | ||
| Clinical Features | 476 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 476 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 476 | ||
| Special Stains/Immunohistochemistry/Flow Cytometry | 476 | ||
| Molecular Analysis | 476 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 477 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 477 | ||
| INTRAVASCULAR LYMPHOMA | 477 | ||
| Clinical Features | 477 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 478 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 478 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 478 | ||
| Molecular Analysis | 478 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 479 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 479 | ||
| PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA (BODY CAVITY–BASED AIDS-RELATED LYMPHOMA) | 479 | ||
| Clinical Features | 479 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 479 | ||
| Cytologic Findings | 480 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry/Flow Cytometry | 480 | ||
| Molecular Analysis | 480 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 480 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 481 | ||
| DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION (PYOTHORAX-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOMA) | 481 | ||
| Clinical Features | 481 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 481 | ||
| Gross Findings | 481 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 482 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 482 | ||
| Molecular Analysis | 482 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 482 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 483 | ||
| OTHER RARE LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS | 483 | ||
| Follicular Bronchiolitis | 483 | ||
| Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia | 483 | ||
| Nodular Lymphoid Hyperplasia | 483 | ||
| IgG4-Related Disease | 483 | ||
| Pulmonary Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma of BALT | 484 | ||
| Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis | 484 | ||
| Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders | 484 | ||
| Primary Pulmonary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 484 | ||
| Primary Pulmonary Hodgkin Lymphoma | 484 | ||
| Pulmonary Involvement by Leukemia/Lymphoma | 484 | ||
| Intravascular Lymphoma | 484 | ||
| Primary Effusion Lymphoma | 485 | ||
| Pyothorax-Associated Lymphoma | 485 | ||
| Extramedullary Plasmacytoma | 485 | ||
| Primary Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma | 485 | ||
| 23 - Uncommon Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Proliferations | 486 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 486 | ||
| PULMONARY LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS | 486 | ||
| Clinical Features | 486 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 488 | ||
| Gross Findings | 488 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 488 | ||
| Cytologic Findings | 488 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 488 | ||
| Ultrastructural Studies | 491 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 491 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 491 | ||
| ROSAI-DORFMAN DISEASE | 491 | ||
| Clinical Features | 491 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 491 | ||
| Gross Findings | 492 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 492 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 492 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 494 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 494 | ||
| ERDHEIM-CHESTER DISEASE | 494 | ||
| Clinical Features | 494 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 494 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 495 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 495 | ||
| Ultrastructural Studies | 495 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 497 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 497 | ||
| Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 497 | ||
| Rosai-Dorfman Disease | 497 | ||
| Erdheim-Chester Disease | 498 | ||
| 24 - Transplantation-Related Lung Pathology | 499 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF LUNG TRANSPLANTATION | 499 | ||
| VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS | 499 | ||
| AIRWAY ANASTOMOTIC COMPLICATIONS | 499 | ||
| PRIMARY GRAFT DYSFUNCTION | 500 | ||
| REJECTION | 500 | ||
| ACUTE ANTIBODY-MEDIATED REJECTION | 500 | ||
| Clinical Features | 500 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 500 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 501 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 501 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 502 | ||
| ACUTE REJECTION | 502 | ||
| Clinical Features | 502 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 502 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 502 | ||
| Bronchoalveolar Lavage | 505 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 505 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 505 | ||
| CHRONIC REJECTION | 505 | ||
| Clinical Features | 506 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 507 | ||
| Gross Findings | 507 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 507 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 507 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 508 | ||
| INFECTIONS | 508 | ||
| Clinical Features | 508 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 508 | ||
| Gross Findings | 508 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 509 | ||
| Microbiologic Cultures | 509 | ||
| Special Stains | 509 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 509 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 509 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 510 | ||
| RECURRENT DISEASES | 510 | ||
| POSTTRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS | 510 | ||
| GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE IN LUNG | 510 | ||
| Clinical Features | 510 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 512 | ||
| Vascular Complications | 512 | ||
| Airway Complications | 512 | ||
| Primary Graft Dysfunction | 512 | ||
| Rejection | 512 | ||
| Antibody-Mediated Rejection | 513 | ||
| Acute Rejection | 513 | ||
| Chronic Rejection | 513 | ||
| Infections | 513 | ||
| Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders | 513 | ||
| Pulmonary Infectious Complications of Organ and Bone Marrow Transplantation | 513 | ||
| Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Lung | 513 | ||
| 25 - Other Nonneoplastic Focal Lesions, Inclusions, and Depositions | 514 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 514 | ||
| TRACHEOBRONCHOPATHIA OSTEOCHONDROPLASTICA | 514 | ||
| Clinical Features | 514 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 515 | ||
| Gross Findings | 515 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 515 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 515 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 515 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 516 | ||
| LIPOID PNEUMONIA | 516 | ||
| Clinical Features | 516 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 517 | ||
| Gross Findings | 517 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 517 | ||
| Ultrastructural Examination | 517 | ||
| Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy | 517 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 517 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 518 | ||
| AMYLOIDOSIS | 518 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 518 | ||
| Gross Findings | 519 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 519 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry and Mass Spectrometry | 521 | ||
| Ultrastructural Examination | 521 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 521 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 522 | ||
| LIGHT CHAIN DEPOSITION DISEASE | 522 | ||
| Clinical Features | 522 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 523 | ||
| Gross Features | 523 | ||
| Microscopic Features | 523 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 523 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 524 | ||
| PULMONARY HYALINIZING GRANULOMA | 524 | ||
| Clinical Features | 524 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 524 | ||
| Gross Findings | 525 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 525 | ||
| Ultrastructural Examination | 525 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 525 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 525 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 525 | ||
| MINUTE PULMONARY MENINGOTHELIAL-LIKE NODULES | 526 | ||
| Clinical Features | 526 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 526 | ||
| Gross Findings | 526 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 527 | ||
| Ultrastructural Examination | 527 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 527 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 527 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 528 | ||
| OSSIFICATION | 528 | ||
| METASTATIC CALCIFICATION | 528 | ||
| Clinical Features | 530 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 530 | ||
| Gross Findings | 530 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 530 | ||
| Ultrastructural Examination | 530 | ||
| Biochemical Analysis | 530 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 530 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 530 | ||
| PULMONARY ALVEOLAR MICROLITHIASIS | 530 | ||
| Clinical Features | 531 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 531 | ||
| Gross Findings | 531 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 531 | ||
| Ultrastructural Examination | 531 | ||
| Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy | 532 | ||
| Biochemical Analysis | 532 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 532 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 532 | ||
| Lipoid Pneumonia | 532 | ||
| Amyloidosis | 533 | ||
| Light Chain Deposition Disease | 533 | ||
| Pulmonary Hyalinizing Granuloma | 533 | ||
| Minute Meningothelial-Like Lesion | 533 | ||
| Dendriform Ossification | 533 | ||
| Nodular Ossification | 533 | ||
| Metastatic Calcification | 533 | ||
| Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis | 533 | ||
| 26 - Usual Lung Cancers | 534 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 534 | ||
| ADENOCARCINOMA | 534 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 535 | ||
| Gross Findings | 536 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 536 | ||
| Invasive Adenocarcinoma | 537 | ||
| Variants | 538 | ||
| MOLECULAR STUDIES AND PRECISION MEDICINE THERAPIES IN LUNG CANCER | 538 | ||
| IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY | 539 | ||
| SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA | 542 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 542 | ||
| Gross Findings | 542 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 543 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 543 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 543 | ||
| ADENOSQUAMOUS CARCINOMA | 544 | ||
| Gross Findings | 544 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 545 | ||
| LARGE CELL CARCINOMA | 545 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 546 | ||
| Gross Findings | 546 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 546 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 546 | ||
| PLEOMORPHIC CARCINOMA | 546 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 547 | ||
| Gross Findings | 547 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 547 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 549 | ||
| PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF LUNG CARCINOMAS | 549 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 551 | ||
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 551 | ||
| Large Cell Carcinoma | 551 | ||
| Pleomophic Carcinoma | 551 | ||
| 27 - Neuroendocrine Neoplasms | 552 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 552 | ||
| SMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA | 552 | ||
| Clinical Features | 552 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 552 | ||
| Gross Findings | 552 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 553 | ||
| Variant | 553 | ||
| Combined Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 553 | ||
| Ultrastructural Features | 553 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 553 | ||
| Cytology | 555 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 555 | ||
| Genetic Profile | 556 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 556 | ||
| LARGE CELL NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA | 556 | ||
| Clinical Features | 556 | ||
| Gross Findings | 556 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 557 | ||
| Variant | 557 | ||
| Combined Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma | 557 | ||
| Cytology | 557 | ||
| Ultrastructural Features | 557 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 558 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 558 | ||
| Genetic Profile | 560 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 561 | ||
| CARCINOID TUMORS | 561 | ||
| Clinical Features | 561 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 561 | ||
| Gross Findings | 561 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 562 | ||
| Cytology | 563 | ||
| Ultrastructural Features | 563 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 563 | ||
| Genetic Profile | 564 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 564 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 564 | ||
| Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma | 565 | ||
| Carcinoid Tumors | 565 | ||
| 28 - Unusual Primary Malignant Lung Neoplasms | 567 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 567 | ||
| SALIVARY GLANDLIKE TUMORS | 567 | ||
| MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA | 567 | ||
| Clinical Features | 567 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 567 | ||
| Gross Findings | 567 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 568 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 568 | ||
| Genetic Characteristics | 569 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 569 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 570 | ||
| ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA | 570 | ||
| Clinical Features | 570 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 570 | ||
| Gross Findings | 570 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 570 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 571 | ||
| Genetic Characteristics | 571 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 571 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 572 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMOR | 572 | ||
| Clinical Features | 572 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 572 | ||
| Gross Features | 572 | ||
| Microscopic Features | 572 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 572 | ||
| Genetic Characteristics | 574 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 574 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 575 | ||
| EPITHELIOID HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA | 575 | ||
| Clinical Features | 575 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 575 | ||
| Gross Findings | 575 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 575 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 575 | ||
| Genetic Characteristics | 575 | ||
| Ultrastructural Features | 575 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 575 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 577 | ||
| PULMONARY ARTERY INTIMAL SARCOMA | 577 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 578 | ||
| Gross Findings | 578 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 578 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 578 | ||
| Genetic Characteristics | 578 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 578 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 579 | ||
| SYNOVIAL SARCOMA | 579 | ||
| OTHER MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS | 579 | ||
| GERM CELL TUMORS | 580 | ||
| THYMOMA | 580 | ||
| MENINGIOMA | 580 | ||
| MELANOMA | 581 | ||
| Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor | 582 | ||
| Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma | 582 | ||
| Pulmonary Artery Intimal Sarcoma | 582 | ||
| Synovial Sarcoma | 582 | ||
| Other Mesenchymal Neoplasms | 583 | ||
| Germ Cell Tumors | 583 | ||
| Thymoma | 583 | ||
| Meningioma | 583 | ||
| Melanoma | 583 | ||
| 29 - Pulmonary Involvement by Extrapulmonary Neoplasms | 584 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 584 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 584 | ||
| METASTATIC CARCINOMA, SARCOMA, AND MELANOMA | 585 | ||
| Clinical Features | 585 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 585 | ||
| 30 - Precursors of Malignancy | 598 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 598 | ||
| SQUAMOUS DYSPLASIA/SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN SITU | 598 | ||
| Clinical Features | 598 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 600 | ||
| Gross Findings | 600 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 600 | ||
| Cytogenetic and Molecular Findings | 603 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 603 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 603 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 604 | ||
| ATYPICAL ADENOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA/ADENOCARCINOMA IN SITU | 605 | ||
| Clinical Features | 606 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 607 | ||
| Gross Findings | 607 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 607 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 608 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 610 | ||
| Prognosis And Therapy | 612 | ||
| DIFFUSE IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY NEUROENDOCRINE CELL HYPERPLASIA | 612 | ||
| Clinical Features | 612 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 612 | ||
| Gross Findings | 612 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 612 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 613 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 614 | ||
| Prognosis And Therapy | 615 | ||
| Squamous Dysplasia/Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ | 615 | ||
| Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia/Adenocarcinoma in Situ | 616 | ||
| Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia | 616 | ||
| 31 - Benign Neoplasms of the Lungs | 617 | ||
| BENIGN MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS | 617 | ||
| HAMARTOMA | 617 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 617 | ||
| Gross Findings | 617 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 618 | ||
| Cytogenetics | 618 | ||
| Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy | 618 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 619 | ||
| Prognosis And Therapy | 620 | ||
| BENIGN SALIVARY GLAND–TYPE NEOPLASMS | 620 | ||
| PNEUMOCYTIC ADENOMYOEPITHELIOMA | 620 | ||
| Clinical Features | 620 | ||
| Gross Findings | 621 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 621 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 621 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 621 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 621 | ||
| PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA | 621 | ||
| Gross Findings | 623 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 624 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 624 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 624 | ||
| MUCOUS GLAND ADENOMA | 624 | ||
| Gross Findings | 624 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 624 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 625 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 625 | ||
| Prognosis And Therapy | 625 | ||
| MUCINOUS CYSTADENOMA | 625 | ||
| Gross Findings | 625 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 626 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 626 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 626 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 627 | ||
| ALVEOLAR ADENOMA | 627 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 627 | ||
| Gross Findings | 627 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 628 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 628 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 629 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 629 | ||
| PAPILLARY ADENOMA | 629 | ||
| Gross Findings | 629 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 629 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 629 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 630 | ||
| Prognosis And Therapy | 630 | ||
| SOLITARY PAPILLOMAS | 630 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 630 | ||
| Gross Findings | 630 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 630 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 632 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 632 | ||
| SCLEROSING PNEUMOCYTOMA | 633 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 633 | ||
| Gross Findings | 633 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 633 | ||
| Ultrastructural Features | 635 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 635 | ||
| Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy | 635 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 635 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 636 | ||
| CLEAR CELL TUMOR | 636 | ||
| Gross Findings | 637 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 637 | ||
| Ultrastructural Features | 638 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 638 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 638 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 638 | ||
| GRANULAR CELL TUMOR | 638 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 639 | ||
| Gross Findings | 639 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 639 | ||
| Ultrastructural Features | 639 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 639 | ||
| Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy | 639 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 640 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 640 | ||
| Benign Salivary Gland Tumors | 641 | ||
| Mucinous Cystadenoma | 641 | ||
| Alveolar Adenoma | 641 | ||
| Papillary Adenoma | 641 | ||
| Solitary Papillomas | 641 | ||
| Sclerosing Pneumocytoma | 641 | ||
| Clear Cell Tumor | 641 | ||
| Granular Cell Tumor | 641 | ||
| 32 - Primary Pleural Neoplasms | 642 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 642 | ||
| MALIGNANT PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA | 642 | ||
| Clinical Features | 642 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 643 | ||
| Gross Findings | 643 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 643 | ||
| Cytology | 644 | ||
| Histochemistry | 645 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 645 | ||
| Ultrastructural Examination | 647 | ||
| Genetic Characteristics | 647 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 647 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 650 | ||
| SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR | 650 | ||
| Clinical Features | 650 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 651 | ||
| Gross Findings | 652 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 652 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 652 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 654 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 654 | ||
| SYNOVIAL SARCOMA AND OTHER PRIMARY PLEURAL SARCOMAS | 654 | ||
| Clinical Features | 654 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 655 | ||
| Gross Findings | 655 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 655 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 656 | ||
| Ultrastructural Studies | 656 | ||
| Genetic Characteristics and Molecular Diagnostic Studies | 656 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 656 | ||
| DESMOID TUMOR | 658 | ||
| Clinical Features | 658 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 659 | ||
| Gross Findings | 659 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 659 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 659 | ||
| Genetic Characteristics | 659 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 661 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 661 | ||
| PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR AND DESMOPLASTIC SMALL ROUND CELL TUMOR | 661 | ||
| Clinical Features | 661 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 662 | ||
| Gross Findings | 662 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 662 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 662 | ||
| Genetic Characteristics | 664 | ||
| Ultrastructural Studies | 664 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 664 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 664 | ||
| NEOPLASMS METASTATIC TO THE PLEURA | 664 | ||
| Solitary Fibrous Tumor | 665 | ||
| Synovial Sarcomas and Other Primary Sarcomas | 665 | ||
| Desmoid Tumor | 665 | ||
| Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor and Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor | 666 | ||
| 33 - Pleural Involvement by Extrapleural Neoplasms | 667 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 667 | ||
| LUNG CARCINOMA INVOLVING THE PLEURA | 667 | ||
| Clinical Features | 668 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 668 | ||
| Gross Findings | 668 | ||
| Microscopic Findings | 668 | ||
| Pleural Effusion Cytology/Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy | 671 | ||
| Histochemistry and Immunohistochemistry | 671 | ||
| Ultrastructural Examination | 672 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 672 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 672 | ||
| PLEURAL METASTASES FROM NONPULMONARY EPITHELIAL NEOPLASMS | 672 | ||
| Clinical Features | 673 | ||
| Gross Findings | 673 | ||
| Microscopic and Cytologic Findings | 673 | ||
| Histochemistry and Immunohistochemistry | 673 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 677 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 677 | ||
| METASTATIC SARCOMAS TO THE PLEURA | 677 | ||
| HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES INVOLVING THE PLEURA | 677 | ||
| OTHER METASTATIC NEOPLASMS TO THE PLEURA | 678 | ||
| Pleural Metastases From Nonpulmonary Epithelial Neoplasms | 678 | ||
| Metastatic Sarcomas to the Pleura | 679 | ||
| Hematologic Malignancies Involving the Pleura | 679 | ||
| Other Metastatic Neoplasms of the Pleura | 679 | ||
| 34 - Inflammatory and Fibrosing Pleural Processes | 680 | ||
| ORGANIZATION OF PLEURAL EFFUSION | 680 | ||
| Clinical Features | 680 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 681 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 681 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 681 | ||
| ACUTE BACTERIAL PLEURITIS (EMPYEMA) | 681 | ||
| Clinical Features | 682 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 682 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 683 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 683 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 683 | ||
| EOSINOPHILIC PLEURITIS | 683 | ||
| Clinical Features | 683 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 683 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 684 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 684 | ||
| TUBERCULOUS PLEURITIS | 684 | ||
| Clinical Features | 684 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 684 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 685 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 685 | ||
| Prognosis and Therapy | 685 | ||
| RHEUMATOID PLEURITIS | 685 | ||
| Clinical Features | 685 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 685 | ||
| 35 - Pulmonary Manifestations of Systemic Diseases | 692 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 692 | ||
| CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES | 692 | ||
| GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS | 692 | ||
| RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS | 693 | ||
| SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS | 695 | ||
| SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS | 698 | ||
| SJÖGREN SYNDROME | 699 | ||
| POLYMYOSITIS AND DERMATOMYOSITIS | 700 | ||
| MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE | 701 | ||
| ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS | 701 | ||
| RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS | 701 | ||
| INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA WITH AUTOIMMUNE FEATURES | 701 | ||
| PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS AND OTHER LIVER DISEASES | 702 | ||
| IGG4-RELATED DISEASE | 702 | ||
| PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDERS | 702 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE | 704 | ||
| TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX | 705 | ||
| BIRT-HOGG-DUBE SYNDROME | 705 | ||
| SICKLE CELL DISEASE | 707 | ||
| FAMILIAL DYSAUTONOMIA | 707 | ||
| INHERITED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS | 708 | ||
| MARFAN SYNDROME | 708 | ||
| EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME | 708 | ||
| STORAGE DISEASES | 708 | ||
| NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE | 709 | ||
| GAUCHER DISEASE | 709 | ||
| FABRY DISEASE | 709 | ||
| HERMANSKY-PUDLAK SYNDROME | 709 | ||
| CRYSTAL-STORING HISTIOCYTOSIS | 710 | ||
| Connective Tissue Diseases | 710 | ||
| Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis | 711 | ||
| Familial Dysautonomia | 711 | ||
| IgG4-Related Disease | 711 | ||
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 711 | ||
| Inherited Connective Tissue Disorders (Marfan Syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome) | 711 | ||
| Interstitial Pneumonia With Autoimmune Features | 711 | ||
| Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Other Liver Diseases | 712 | ||
| Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders | 712 | ||
| Sickle Cell Disease | 712 | ||
| Storage Diseases | 712 | ||
| Tuberous Sclerosis Complex | 712 | ||
| 36 - Respiratory Cytology | 713 | ||
| TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS | 713 | ||
| NORMAL ELEMENTS AND NONCELLULAR COMPONENTS | 715 | ||
| NONNEOPLASTIC LUNG DISEASES | 718 | ||
| INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES | 718 | ||
| SARCOIDLIKE REACTION | 718 | ||
| PULMONARY ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS | 718 | ||
| INFECTIONS | 720 | ||
| VIRAL INFECTIONS | 720 | ||
| FUNGAL INFECTIONS | 721 | ||
| CANDIDIASIS | 721 | ||
| ASPERGILLOSIS | 721 | ||
| CRYPTOCOCCOSIS | 722 | ||
| PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII | 722 | ||
| DIMORPHIC FUNGI | 723 | ||
| PARASITIC INFECTIONS | 725 | ||
| BENIGN MASSES AND TUMORS | 725 | ||
| PULMONARY HAMARTOMA | 725 | ||
| AMYLOID TUMOR | 726 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMOR | 726 | ||
| MALIGNANT TUMORS | 727 | ||
| SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA | 727 | ||
| ADENOCARCINOMA | 727 | ||
| SMALL CELL CARCINOMA | 729 | ||
| CARCINOID TUMOR | 729 | ||
| PULMONARY SARCOMA | 732 | ||
| PULMONARY LYMPHOMA | 734 | ||
| TUMORS METASTATIC TO THE LUNG | 734 | ||
| Interstitial Lung Diseases | 736 | ||
| Infections | 736 | ||
| Benign Pulmonary Masses | 736 | ||
| Malignant Lung Neoplasms | 736 | ||
| INDEX | 737 | ||
| A | 737 | ||
| B | 739 | ||
| C | 740 | ||
| D | 742 | ||
| E | 743 | ||
| F | 744 | ||
| G | 745 | ||
| H | 745 | ||
| I | 746 | ||
| K | 747 | ||
| L | 747 | ||
| M | 749 | ||
| N | 750 | ||
| O | 751 | ||
| P | 751 | ||
| Q | 755 | ||
| R | 755 | ||
| S | 756 | ||
| T | 757 | ||
| U | 758 | ||
| V | 758 | ||
| W | 758 | ||
| Y | 759 | ||
| Z | 759 | ||
| IBC | ES2 |