BOOK
Edexcel AS/A Level History, Paper 1&2: Religion and state in early modern Europe Student Book
Alison Gundy | Hilary Brash | Adam Kidson
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This book covers the essential content in the new specifications in a rigorous and engaging way, using detailed narrative, sources, timelines, key words, helpful activities and extension material helps develop conceptual understanding of areas such as evidence, interpretations, causation and change, through targeted activities
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Contents | 3 | ||
| How to use this book | 4 | ||
| Introduction: AS/A Level History | 6 | ||
| England, 1509-1603: authority, nation and religion | 8 | ||
| Introduction | 8 | ||
| 1.1: Monarchy and government, 1509-88 | 10 | ||
| Introduction | 10 | ||
| What was the Role of the Monarchy in Tudor England, 1509–88? | 11 | ||
| Personal and political qualities of the Tudor monarchs | 12 | ||
| What were popular attitudes to the Tudor monarchy? | 13 | ||
| What challenges did the Tudor monarchy face between 1509 and 1588? | 15 | ||
| What were 16th century attitudes towards female rulers? | 20 | ||
| How did Mary approach the issue of marriage? | 21 | ||
| How did Elizabeth I approach the issue of marriage? | 21 | ||
| How did the Role of Parliament Change between 1509 and 1588? | 23 | ||
| The power of parliament | 23 | ||
| How was parliament organised? | 23 | ||
| Henry VIII’s parliaments before 1529 | 23 | ||
| From ‘king and parliament’ to ‘king-in-parliament’ | 23 | ||
| The growing confi dence of parliament under Elizabeth I, 1558–88 | 25 | ||
| The Principal Servants of the Crown, 1509-88 | 27 | ||
| The role of Wolsey, Cromwell and Cecil in Tudor government | 27 | ||
| Changes to the structure of government | 31 | ||
| 1.2: Religious changes, 1509-88 | 36 | ||
| Introduction | 36 | ||
| How and why did Religious Change Happen, 1527-63? | 36 | ||
| Why did the break with Rome happen? | 36 | ||
| The end of papal power in England under Henry VIII | 38 | ||
| Religious change under Mary | 43 | ||
| The Elizabethan Church Settlement, 1558-63 | 46 | ||
| To what Extent did Catholicism Survive in England? | 49 | ||
| What were popular attitudes to Catholicism? | 49 | ||
| The extent of the religious changes,1529-36 | 50 | ||
| How and why did Catholicism survive in the regions? | 51 | ||
| Recusancy and the Jesuit missions under Elizabeth I | 52 | ||
| What was the role of the Catholic nobility? | 54 | ||
| How and why did Protestantism Grow, 1509-88? | 55 | ||
| Protestant influences in England before 1527 | 55 | ||
| Protestant influences from the 1520s | 56 | ||
| What was the role of Anne Boleyn? | 56 | ||
| The development of Protestant influences, 1529-47 | 56 | ||
| How did Protestantism develop under Edward VI? | 57 | ||
| What was Puritanism? | 57 | ||
| How did Puritanism develop during Elizabeth’s reign? | 58 | ||
| How signifi cant was the development of Puritanism? | 60 | ||
| 1.3: State control and popular resistance, 1509-88 | 62 | ||
| Introduction | 62 | ||
| How did Tudor Monarchs Control the Country? | 62 | ||
| What were the Marches? | 62 | ||
| The Marcher Council | 63 | ||
| The Council of the North and its role | 63 | ||
| What was the role of the nobility in maintaining control? | 65 | ||
| Justices of the Peace | 66 | ||
| The role of the Lord Lieutenant under Elizabeth I | 68 | ||
| Why did population growth lead to increasing poverty? | 68 | ||
| Vagrancy and punishment | 70 | ||
| How did provision for poor relief change? | 71 | ||
| What was the importance of the role of charities and local authorities in poor relief? | 73 | ||
| How Serious was the Resistance to Tudor Rule? | 75 | ||
| Why was rebellion a potential threat to the Tudor monarchs? | 75 | ||
| What was the signifi cance of resistance to Tudor subsidies and taxation? | 75 | ||
| The nature and threat of popular risings, 1536-69 | 76 | ||
| 1.4: Economic, social and cultural change, 1509-88 | 88 | ||
| Introduction | 88 | ||
| How Much did Patterns of Domestic and Foreign Trade Change during the Period? | 88 | ||
| What was the significance of the English wool and cloth industries? | 88 | ||
| How did the new draperies change the English cloth trade? | 90 | ||
| What was the impact of the migration of foreign textile workers? | 90 | ||
| The role of London as a market for goods | 91 | ||
| What were the consequences of exploration for the development of English trade? | 92 | ||
| How much did Tudor Society Change? | 94 | ||
| Population increase and the impact on Tudor society | 94 | ||
| What was the impact of the dissolution of the monasteries? | 94 | ||
| What was the impact of the spread of enclosure on the rural population? | 96 | ||
| What was the impact of growing urbanisation? | 97 | ||
| The growing professional classes | 99 | ||
| What was the significance of Changes to Tudor Culture, 1509-88 | 101 | ||
| The impact of the growth of grammar schools and universities | 101 | ||
| What was the impact of the printing press? | 102 | ||
| How did religious change affect English culture? | 105 | ||
| Patronage and the development of drama, music and poetry | 106 | ||
| What was the signifi cance of royal and noble patronage of the arts? | 107 | ||
| What were the main developments in drama, music, poetry and architecture? | 108 | ||
| The impact of the cult of Gloriana | 111 | ||
| 1.5: Was there a general crisis in government in the last years of Elizabeth I’s reign, 1589-1603? | 114 | ||
| Introduction | 114 | ||
| How Significant were the Threats to National Security from Spain and Ireland? | 114 | ||
| The Anglo-Spanish conflict - background | 114 | ||
| The Anglo-Spanish conflict between 1589 and 1603 | 116 | ||
| To what extent did the conflict with Spain present a threat to national security? | 118 | ||
| Anglo-Irish relations under Elizabeth | 119 | ||
| Tyrone’s revolt, 1595–1603 | 119 | ||
| To what extent did Tyrone’s revolt pose a threat to English national security? | 120 | ||
| To what extent did the threats from Spain and Ireland create a general crisisin government? | 120 | ||
| The impact of the succession issue | 123 | ||
| The development of faction in the 1590s | 123 | ||
| The factions of the 1590s: Cecil versus Essex | 123 | ||
| How did the growth of faction lead to political instability? | 125 | ||
| The succession issue and faction | 126 | ||
| To what extent did court faction lead to a crisis of government? | 127 | ||
| What was the Significance of Growing Conflict with Parliament? | 129 | ||
| What were the roles of the Crown and parliament, 1589-1603? | 129 | ||
| The 1589 and 1593 parliaments | 130 | ||
| The 1597 parliament | 131 | ||
| What was the significance of the 1601 parliament? | 131 | ||
| To what extent did the parliaments of 1589-1601 contribute to a crisis in government? | 133 | ||
| How Serious was the Social and Economic Distress of the 1590S? | 135 | ||
| Rising prices, food shortages and mortality rates | 135 | ||
| Riots and social tension | 135 | ||
| The government response to the social and economic problems of the 1590s | 136 | ||
| To what extent did harvest failure and social distress lead to a general crisis in government? | 137 | ||
| Conclusion | 137 | ||
| Preparing for your exams | 139 | ||
| Luther and the German Reformation, c1515-55 | 166 | ||
| Introduction | 166 | ||
| 2a.1: Conditions in early 16th century Germany | 168 | ||
| Introduction | 168 | ||
| What was the Holy Roman Empire? | 170 | ||
| The structure of central government | 170 | ||
| What power did the emperor and the princes have? | 171 | ||
| The imperial election of 1519 | 174 | ||
| How Healthy was the Economy? | 176 | ||
| Was the German Catholic Church in need of Reform? | 178 | ||
| The influence of humanism | 180 | ||
| Why was anti-clericalism so prominent in the empire? | 182 | ||
| Why was there so much Hostility Towards the Papacy? | 184 | ||
| The Renaissance popes | 185 | ||
| The condition of the Church in Rome | 186 | ||
| Rome’s exploitation of Germany | 186 | ||
| 2a.2: Luther’s early challenge to the Catholic Church | 192 | ||
| Introduction | 192 | ||
| What Shaped Luther’s Life to 1517? | 194 | ||
| Luther’s childhood | 194 | ||
| Luther’s education | 195 | ||
| Luther’s experiences as a monk, 1505-11 | 197 | ||
| Luther at Wittenberg | 199 | ||
| The 95 Theses of 1517 | 200 | ||
| Why did Luther write the 95 Theses? | 201 | ||
| What impact did the Theses have? | 202 | ||
| What Influenced the Development of Luther’s Ideas from 1517 to 1520? | 204 | ||
| The meeting with the Augustinian order at Heidelberg, April 1518 | 206 | ||
| The meeting with Cajetan at Augsburg, October 1518 | 207 | ||
| Negotiations between Miltitz and Frederick, December 1518-January 1519 | 208 | ||
| The Leipzig Debates, June-July 1519 | 208 | ||
| The Threat of Excommunication and the three Pamphlets, 1520 | 210 | ||
| The threat of excommunication | 210 | ||
| The three pamphlets of 1520 | 210 | ||
| Why did Luther’s ideas change so dramatically between 1517 and 1520? | 212 | ||
| Burning the papal bull | 215 | ||
| 2a.3: The development of Lutheranism, 1521-46 | 216 | ||
| Introduction | 216 | ||
| What Happened at the Diet of Worms? | 218 | ||
| Wartburg Castle, 1521-22 | 221 | ||
| What was Luther’s Attitude to Extremism between 1522 and 1525? | 222 | ||
| Andrew Carlstadt and the Zwickau Prophets, 1521-22 | 222 | ||
| The Knights' Revolt, 1522-23 | 223 | ||
| The Peasants' Revolt, 1524-25 | 224 | ||
| How did Lutheranism Develop in the 1520s? | 228 | ||
| The doctrine of the Real Presence | 228 | ||
| Translating the Bible, 1522-34 | 228 | ||
| German Mass, 1526 | 231 | ||
| The Catechisms, 1529 | 231 | ||
| The spread of Lutheranism | 232 | ||
| Why did Luther’s Influence on the Reformation Decline? | 234 | ||
| Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560) | 234 | ||
| The Augsburg Confession, 1530 | 236 | ||
| John Bugenhagen (1485-1558) | 236 | ||
| The growing divergence between Lutheran and Catholic beliefs | 237 | ||
| The Philip of Hesse bigamy scandal of 1540 | 237 | ||
| 2a.4: The spread and survival of Lutheranism, 1521-55 | 240 | ||
| Introduction | 240 | ||
| Did Charles V use the Wrong Tactics to Eradicate Lutheranism? | 242 | ||
| The failure of negotiations, 1521-41 | 243 | ||
| How far were German Princes Responsible for the Spread and Survival of Lutheranism? | 247 | ||
| The importance of Frederick the Wise | 247 | ||
| The importance of the Protestant princes | 248 | ||
| How far did Conflicting Priorities Hamper Charles' Ability to Tackle Lutheranism? | 251 | ||
| Spain | 251 | ||
| France | 251 | ||
| The Ottoman Empire | 252 | ||
| Summary | 254 | ||
| The Schmalkaldic War, 1546-47 | 256 | ||
| The failure to capitalise on victory, 1547-53 | 257 | ||
| The Peace of Augsburg, 1555 | 259 | ||
| How did the Papacy Respond to Lutheranism? | 261 | ||
| Paul III (1534-49) | 262 | ||
| Preparing for your exams | 265 | ||
| The Dutch Revolt, c1563-1609 | 284 | ||
| Introduction | 284 | ||
| 2b.1: Origins of the Dutch Revolt, c1563-67 | 286 | ||
| Introduction | 286 | ||
| How Independent was the Habsburg Netherlands? | 287 | ||
| The 17 provinces | 287 | ||
| The extent of local autonomy | 289 | ||
| The traditional rights of the Burgundian grandees | 290 | ||
| How Significantly did Spanish Authority Affect the Netherlands by 1563? | 291 | ||
| Philip II's policy towards the Netherlands and lack of regard for tradition | 292 | ||
| The regency of Margaret of Parma | 294 | ||
| The influence of Granvelle | 295 | ||
| How Effectively did the Dutch Grandees Oppose Spanish Authority? | 296 | ||
| The alliance of Orange, Hoorn and Egmont | 296 | ||
| Resistance to the reform of the bishoprics | 297 | ||
| The removal of Granvelle | 298 | ||
| Margaret and the heresy laws | 298 | ||
| The Confederacy of Noblemen - the 'Compromise' | 299 | ||
| How far did Calvinism Impact on the Netherlands? | 303 | ||
| The Huguenot migration from France | 303 | ||
| Hedge preaching | 304 | ||
| The revolt of 1566 | 304 | ||
| The restoration of order | 306 | ||
| The effects of Calvinism in the Netherlands | 307 | ||
| 2b.2: Alva and Orange, 1567-73 | 310 | ||
| Introduction | 310 | ||
| How Significant was Alva in Promoting Further Opposition? | 311 | ||
| Alva’s rule | 311 | ||
| The replacement of Margaret of Parma | 311 | ||
| The execution of Egmont and Hoorn | 312 | ||
| The Council of Troubles and the attacks on heresy | 313 | ||
| The Tenth Penny tax | 314 | ||
| Growing opposition to the tax | 316 | ||
| Why did Orange Fail in his First Attempt to Invade the Netherlands? | 316 | ||
| Orange's power and influence in the northern provinces | 317 | ||
| The invasions of 1568 | 317 | ||
| The rebels’ victory at Heiligerlee | 318 | ||
| Disintegration of the rebel forces and Alva’s triumph | 319 | ||
| How Important were the Sea Beggars in Challenging Spanish Rule? | 322 | ||
| Louis of Nassau and the privateers | 322 | ||
| The closure of English ports to the Sea Beggars | 323 | ||
| The seizure of Brill and Flushing | 324 | ||
| General revolt in the province of Holland | 325 | ||
| Why was Orange able to Enjoy Greater Success by 1573? | 327 | ||
| The invasion of 1572 | 327 | ||
| Orange’s control over Holland and Zeeland | 329 | ||
| Alva’s failure to reconquer the northern provinces | 330 | ||
| 2b.3: Spain and the re-conquest, 1573-84 | 334 | ||
| Introduction | 334 | ||
| Why was Requesens Unable to Secure a Spanish Victory? | 335 | ||
| Requesens' failure to defeat the northern provinces | 335 | ||
| The Spanish Fury of 1576 | 339 | ||
| The Pacification of Ghent in 1576 | 340 | ||
| The advance of Calvinism in the southern provinces | 341 | ||
| Why did Parma Enjoy more Success than Requesens? | 342 | ||
| Re-establishing Spanish rule in the south | 343 | ||
| The Union of Arras, 1579 | 343 | ||
| Parma’s diplomacy, military tactics and strategy | 344 | ||
| The fall of Antwerp in 1584 | 346 | ||
| How important was Foreign Intervention to the Prince of Orange’s Success? | 347 | ||
| Orange’s decision to seek foreign help and the invitation to the Duke of Anjou | 347 | ||
| The Duke’s unpopularity and withdrawal in 1583 | 350 | ||
| How Successful were the Northern Provinces in becoming more Independent? | 351 | ||
| The Union of Utrecht, 1579 | 351 | ||
| The Act of Abjuration, 1581, and the establishment of the Republic of the United Provinces | 352 | ||
| The declining influence of the Prince of Orange | 354 | ||
| The assassination of the Prince of Orange, 1584 | 354 | ||
| 2b.4: Securing the independence of the United Provinces, 1584-1609 | 358 | ||
| Introduction | 358 | ||
| Why was Maurice of Nassau so important to the United Provinces? | 359 | ||
| Nassau’s military reforms and changes in strategy and tactics | 359 | ||
| Siege warfare against fortresses and border towns | 361 | ||
| The victories at Turnhout and Nieuwpoort | 362 | ||
| Maurice as stadtholder | 364 | ||
| Why did the Spanish Fail to Conquer the United Provinces? | 365 | ||
| Support for the United Provinces by Elizabeth I of England | 365 | ||
| The Treaty of Nonsuch, 1585 | 366 | ||
| The diversion of Parma’s troops to support the Spanish Armada in 1588 | 367 | ||
| Intervention in France, 1589 | 369 | ||
| How did the United Provinces Enhance their Power? | 372 | ||
| Oldenbarnevelt’s reforms | 372 | ||
| The Dutch East India Company and the development of overseas trade | 373 | ||
| The growing divergence of north and south | 374 | ||
| Oldenbarnevelt’s success in curbing Calvinist excesses | 376 | ||
| Why did Spain’s Influence in the Netherlands Decline? | 377 | ||
| Spain’s inability to pay its troops | 377 | ||
| The armistice of 1607 | 378 | ||
| The Truce of Antwerp, 1609 | 379 | ||
| Spain’s de facto recognition of the independence of the United Provinces | 381 | ||
| Preparing for your exams | 383 | ||
| Index | 402 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 406 |