BOOK
Edexcel AS/A Level History, Paper 1&2: Nationalism, dictatorship and democracy in 20th century Europe Student Book
Katie Hall | David Brown | Ben Williams
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This book covers the essential content in the new specifications in a rigorous and engaging way, using detailed narrative, sources, timelines, key words, helpful activities and extension material helps develop conceptual understanding of areas such as evidence, interpretations, causation and change, through targeted activities
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Contents | 3 | ||
| How to use this book | 4 | ||
| Introduction: AS/A Level History | 6 | ||
| Germany and West Germany, 1918-89 | 8 | ||
| Introduction | 8 | ||
| 1.1: Political and governmental change, 1918-89 | 10 | ||
| Introduction | 10 | ||
| The Treaty of Versailles | 11 | ||
| Why did the Weimar Republic Surmount so many Political Challenges in the 1920S only to collapse by 1933? | 12 | ||
| The creation of a republic, 1918-19 | 12 | ||
| The creation of the Weimar Constitution | 13 | ||
| Overcoming challenges to the constitution, 1918-29 | 15 | ||
| Collapse of democracy, 1930-33 | 17 | ||
| How did the Business of Government Operate within the Nazi Dictatorship in the years 1933–45? | 20 | ||
| Establishing a dictatorship, 1933-34 | 20 | ||
| The nature of Nazi government, 1934-39 | 23 | ||
| Government in wartime, 1939-45 | 25 | ||
| How Far did the Leaders of the Federal Republic Of Germany create a Stable Political State in the years 1945-89? | 26 | ||
| Creation of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945-49 | 26 | ||
| Consolidation under Adenauer and Erhard, 1949-65 | 30 | ||
| Maintaining political stability under Brandt, Schmidt and Kohl, 1965-89 | 32 | ||
| 1.2: Opposition, control and consent, 1918-89 | 36 | ||
| Introduction | 36 | ||
| How Effectively did Opposition Express Itself in the years 1918-89? | 37 | ||
| The impact of the Treaty of Versailles on German politics | 37 | ||
| Political extremism and crises, 1918-33 | 39 | ||
| Opposition and dissent in Nazi Germany, 1933-45 | 40 | ||
| Political dissent and active challenge, 1949-89 | 43 | ||
| How Successfully did Germany’s Governments Control the German people in the years 1918-89? | 47 | ||
| Attempts to control extremism, 1918-32 | 47 | ||
| How did the Nazis use censorship and repression from 1933 to 1945? | 48 | ||
| The constitutional and legal responses to political extremism, 1949-89 | 51 | ||
| To what Extent did Germany’s Governments Rule by Consent In the Years 1918-89? | 53 | ||
| The nature of support for the Weimar Constitution, 1918-32 | 53 | ||
| Support for the Nazi regime and the use of propaganda, 1933-45 | 56 | ||
| The de-Nazifi cation policies of the Western Allies, 1945-49 | 57 | ||
| The nature of support for democracy in the FRG, 1949-89 | 59 | ||
| 1.3: Economic development and policies, 1918-89 | 62 | ||
| Introduction | 62 | ||
| How Successfully did the Weimar Republic Respond to Economic Challenges in the Years 1918–32? | 63 | ||
| Economic crises and government response, 1918-23 | 63 | ||
| Policies for recovery, 1924-28 | 65 | ||
| What impact did the Great Depression have on the WeimarRepublic, 1929-32? | 68 | ||
| Changing living standards, 1918-32 | 69 | ||
| How Far did the Nazis Control the Economy in the Years 1933-45? | 72 | ||
| How did the Nazis attempt economic recovery in the years 1933-36? | 72 | ||
| Creating a command economy, 1936-39 | 74 | ||
| Changing living standards, 1933-39 | 76 | ||
| What was the impact of war on Nazieconomic policies, 1939-45? | 77 | ||
| What Effect did the Creation of a ‘Social Market’ Economy have on the Federal Republic in the years 1945-89? | 79 | ||
| How far was economic recovery achieved in the years 1945-55? | 79 | ||
| The economic miracle, 1955-66 | 81 | ||
| How did the Federal Republic survive the economic challenges in the years 1966-89? | 83 | ||
| Integration into the European economy,1949-89 | 84 | ||
| Changing living standards, 1945-89 | 86 | ||
| 1.4: Aspects of life in Germany and West Germany, 1918-89 | 88 | ||
| Introduction | 88 | ||
| To what extent did the role of women and attitudes towards them change and develop in germany in the years 1918-89? | 90 | ||
| Was there a change in the role and status of women in the years 1918-32? | 90 | ||
| The impact of Nazi rule on women’s lives, 1933-45 | 92 | ||
| The role and status of women in the FRG | 95 | ||
| Why Were Educational and Cultural Developments Often Controversial In Germany in the Years 1918-89? | 98 | ||
| Education in the Weimar Republic | 98 | ||
| Cultural experimentation, 1918-32 | 99 | ||
| Nazis education policies, 1933-45 | 100 | ||
| Nazi cultural policies, 1933-45 | 102 | ||
| Education in the FRG | 103 | ||
| Cultural and generational tensions in the FRG | 104 | ||
| How Far did Attitudes Towards Ethnic Minorities Affect their Status In Germany in the Years 1918-89? | 105 | ||
| The status of, and attitudes towards, ethnic minorities, 1918-32 | 106 | ||
| Nazi racial policies | 107 | ||
| The status of, and attitudes towards, ethnic minorities in the FRG | 111 | ||
| 1.5: How far was Hitler’s foreign policy responsible for the Second World War? | 114 | ||
| Introduction | 114 | ||
| Changing views of historians | 114 | ||
| Understanding Hitler | 115 | ||
| Evaluating interpretations of history | 116 | ||
| Interpretations of Hitler’s foreign policy and the Second World War | 117 | ||
| How Far did German History Influence Nazi Foreign Policy? | 119 | ||
| How did Aryan racial theory drive foreign policy? | 119 | ||
| Why the Third Reich? | 119 | ||
| The effect of the First World War on Nazi foreign policy | 120 | ||
| To what extent did Hitler shape nazi foreign policy? | 122 | ||
| What was the ideology behind Hitler’s foreign policy? | 123 | ||
| Did Hitler drive Nazi foreign policy? | 124 | ||
| Did Hitler always intend war? | 127 | ||
| Why did Germany Invade Poland in 1939? | 128 | ||
| Nazi relations with Poland up to 1936 | 129 | ||
| How did relations change after 1936? | 129 | ||
| Was the invasion of Poland a step in a move to world war? | 131 | ||
| To what Extent did other Nations Contribute to the Outbreak of War? | 133 | ||
| How did international politics infl uence the move towards war? | 133 | ||
| The League of Nations | 134 | ||
| How did the attitudes of individual countries influence the move towards war? | 136 | ||
| What other influences affected the move towards war? | 137 | ||
| Preparing for your exams | 139 | ||
| The rise and fall of fascism in Italy, c1911-46 | 166 | ||
| Spain, 1930-78: republicanism, Francoism and the re-establishment of democracy | 284 | ||
| Introduction | 284 | ||
| 2b.1: Creation and destabilisation of the Second Republic, 1930-36 | 286 | ||
| Introduction | 286 | ||
| How Significant were Political Events in Spain in the years 1930-31? | 287 | ||
| The impact of political events, 1930-31 | 287 | ||
| The creation of the Second Republic | 289 | ||
| The key forces of conservatism | 291 | ||
| Political unrest | 292 | ||
| Economic and social problems | 292 | ||
| To what extent can the Period 1931-33 be Classed as ‘Years of Reform’ In Spain? | 293 | ||
| Provisional government reform of the army and the Church | 294 | ||
| Tackling agricultural problems | 294 | ||
| Reforms under Azaña | 295 | ||
| Responses from both left and right | 296 | ||
| Unrest and repression | 296 | ||
| What was the Significance of Events and Developments during the ‘Years of Reaction’, 1933-36? | 297 | ||
| The creation of CEDA | 297 | ||
| The impact of the November 1933 elections | 298 | ||
| Undoing the reforms of 1931-33 | 299 | ||
| The Asturias rising and its consequences | 301 | ||
| The formation of the Popular Front | 302 | ||
| How Significant was the 1936 General Election in Relation to Events In Spain between February and July 1936? | 303 | ||
| The election of February 1936 | 303 | ||
| Political instability and social unrest | 304 | ||
| The signifi cance of Sotelo’s assassination | 306 | ||
| The attempted military coup, 1936 | 306 | ||
| 2b.2: The Spanish Civil War, 1936-39 | 310 | ||
| Introduction | 310 | ||
| What were the Key Factors in the Months July-August 1936 that led to the outbreak of War in Spain? | 311 | ||
| Nationalist and Republican leadership, support and relative military strength | 311 | ||
| The geographical division of Spain in 1936 | 313 | ||
| The significance of the international response | 314 | ||
| The situation by the end of August 1936 | 315 | ||
| What was the Nature and Impact of the Course of the War in Spain in the years 1936-39? | 317 | ||
| The main campaigns and the stages of the Nationalist advance | 317 | ||
| The impact of Republican political divisions | 322 | ||
| The impact of atrocities by both sides | 323 | ||
| The fall of Barcelona and Madrid in 1939 | 323 | ||
| How Significant was the Impact of the Civil War on Ordinary Spanish Citizens? | 324 | ||
| The variety of experiences in the Republican zones | 324 | ||
| Life in the Nationalist zone | 325 | ||
| Attitudes towards women | 326 | ||
| The use of political terror | 328 | ||
| What Factors had the most Influence In Determining the Outcome of the War? | 329 | ||
| Republican weaknesses and Nationalist strengths | 329 | ||
| The role of Franco | 329 | ||
| The role of foreign intervention and the impact of non-intervention | 330 | ||
| 2b.3: Establishing Franco’s dictatorship, 1938-56 | 334 | ||
| Introduction | 334 | ||
| How Effectively did Franco Establish a ‘New State’? | 335 | ||
| Establishing control in the Nationalist zone, 1938 | 335 | ||
| Initial policies | 336 | ||
| The influence of the Falange | 336 | ||
| Managing Nationalist rivalries | 337 | ||
| The establishment and survival of a fascist dictatorship under Franco | 338 | ||
| To what Extent did Franco’s Government Control the Spanish People after the Civil War? | 339 | ||
| The legacy of the civil war | 339 | ||
| Political terror and repression | 340 | ||
| Censorship and propaganda | 341 | ||
| The role of the Church | 341 | ||
| Cult of personality | 343 | ||
| Education policies | 344 | ||
| Attitudes towards women | 344 | ||
| How well did the Spanish Economy Perform in the years Following the Civil War? | 345 | ||
| Economic problems and the impact of the civil war | 345 | ||
| The development of corporatism | 346 | ||
| The implementation of autarky | 347 | ||
| Successes and failures | 348 | ||
| To what Extent did the Dictatorship and Spain’s International Relations Change in the Years 1939-56? | 350 | ||
| Maintaining neutrality, 1939-45 | 350 | ||
| Creating international relations in the Cold War environment, 1945-56 | 353 | ||
| 2b.4: Dictatorship remodelled and the transition to democracy, 1956-78 | 358 | ||
| Introduction | 358 | ||
| How Far-Reaching was Economic and Social Change in Spain in the years 1956-75? | 359 | ||
| Economic problems in the 1950s | 359 | ||
| The decline of the Falange and the rise of the technocrats in the late 1950s | 360 | ||
| The ‘economic miracle’, 1960-75 | 361 | ||
| The impact and growth of tourism, 1960-75 | 362 | ||
| Social developments and tensions | 364 | ||
| To What Extent did Political Developments affect Spain in the years 1956-75? | 366 | ||
| The reasons for, and nature of, political change, 1956-70 | 366 | ||
| The changing influence of the Church | 367 | ||
| The reasons for, and nature of, increased opposition to Franco’s rule | 368 | ||
| The growth of regional nationalism | 369 | ||
| Government reaction, 1970-75 | 370 | ||
| Developments in international relations | 370 | ||
| How Successfully was Succession Planning Managed for a Post-Franco Head of State? | 374 | ||
| The Law of Leadership Succession, 1947 | 374 | ||
| The decision to return to monarchy, 1969 | 374 | ||
| Reaction to the decision from reformers and conservatives | 376 | ||
| The role of Juan Carlos, 1969-74 | 376 | ||
| The death of Franco, 1975 | 377 | ||
| How Successfully did Spain make the Transition to Democracy and Establish a Democratic Constitution in 1978? | 378 | ||
| The role of Juan Carlos | 378 | ||
| Immediate steps towards democracy | 379 | ||
| Conservative obstacles | 380 | ||
| Agreeing a democratic constitution in 1978 | 381 | ||
| Preparing for your exams | 383 | ||
| Index | 402 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 406 |