BOOK
Skeletal Trauma E-Book
Bruce D. Browner | Alan M. Levine | Jesse B. Jupiter | Peter G. Trafton | Christian Krettek | Jerome M. Cotler | Luke Madigan
(2008)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Obtain the best outcomes from the latest techniques with help from a "who's who" of orthopaedic trauma experts! In print and online, you'll find the in-depth knowledge you need to manage any type of traumatic injury in adults. Major updates keep you up to speed on current trends such as the management of osteoporotic and fragility fractures, locked plating technology, post-traumatic reconstruction, biology of fracture repair, biomechanics of fractures and fixation, disaster management, occupational hazards of radiation and blood-borne infection, effective use of orthotics, and more. A DVD of operative video clips shows you how to perform 25 key procedures step by step. A new, full-color page layout makes it easier to locate the answers you need quickly. And now, for the first time, you can access the complete contents online, for enhanced ease and speed of reference!
- Complete, absolutely current coverage of relevant anatomy and biomechanics, mechanisms of injury, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and associated complications equips you to confidently approach every form of traumatic injury.
- Enhanced and updated coverage keeps you current on the latest knowledge, procedures, and trends - including post-traumatic reconstruction, management of osteoporotic and fragility fractures, locked plating systems, mini incision techniques, biology of fracture repair, biomechanics of fractures and fixation, disaster management, occupational hazards of radiation and blood-borne infection, effective use of orthotics, and much more.
- More than six hours of operative videos on DVD demonstrate 25 of the very latest and most challenging techniques in real time, including minimally invasive vertebral disc resection, vertebroplasty, and lumbar decompression and stabilization.
- Online access allows you to rapidly search the complete contents from any computer.
- New editor Christian Kretek contributes additional international expertise to further enhance the already exceptional editorial lineup.
- An all-new, more user-friendly full-color text design enables you to find answers more quickly, and more efficiently review the key steps of each operative technique.
- More than 2,400 high-quality line drawings, diagnostic images, and full-color clinical photos show you exactly what to look for and how to proceed.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| e9781416022206v1 | 1 | ||
| Front Cover | 1 | ||
| Skeletal Trauma | 4 | ||
| Copyright Page | 5 | ||
| Dedication Page | 6 | ||
| Contributors | 8 | ||
| Foreword | 16 | ||
| Preface | 18 | ||
| First Editon | 18 | ||
| Second Edition | 18 | ||
| Third Edition | 18 | ||
| Fourth Edition | 19 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 20 | ||
| Table of Contents | 22 | ||
| Section 1: General Principles | 28 | ||
| Chapter 1: The History of Fracture Treatment | 30 | ||
| Early Splinting Techniques | 30 | ||
| Precursors of the Plaster Bandage | 32 | ||
| The Plaster Bandage and its Derivatives | 34 | ||
| Traction | 35 | ||
| Functional Bracing | 37 | ||
| Open Fractures | 37 | ||
| Early Fracture Surgery | 39 | ||
| External Fixation | 44 | ||
| Intramedullary Fixation | 48 | ||
| Robert Danis and the Development of the AO Group | 50 | ||
| Gavriil A. Ilizarov and the Discovery of Distraction Osteogenesis | 53 | ||
| Emile Letournel and the Surgery of Pelvic and Acetabular Fractures | 53 | ||
| Klaus Klemm and Interlocking Nailing and Local Antibiotic Bead Chain Therapy | 54 | ||
| Summary | 56 | ||
| References | 56 | ||
| Chapter 2: Biology and Enhancement of Skeletal Repair | 60 | ||
| Introduction | 60 | ||
| Biology of Fracture Repair | 60 | ||
| Molecular Mechanisms of Skeletal Repair: Current Knowledge | 61 | ||
| Enhancement of Fracture Healing | 62 | ||
| Biological Methods | 62 | ||
| Physical Enhancement of Skeletal Repair | 69 | ||
| Conclusion and Expectations | 72 | ||
| References | 72 | ||
| Chapter 3: Biomechanics of Fractures | 78 | ||
| Bone Properties and Fracture Risk | 78 | ||
| Biomechanics of Fracture Healing | 88 | ||
| Biomechanics of Fracture Treatment | 92 | ||
| Monitoring Fracture Healing | 102 | ||
| Summary | 104 | ||
| References | 105 | ||
| Chapter 4: Principles of Internal Fixation | 110 | ||
| Metallurgy | 110 | ||
| Hardware | 119 | ||
| Techniques | 149 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 165 | ||
| References | 165 | ||
| Chapter 5: Locking Plates: Development, Biomechanics, and Clinical Application | 170 | ||
| Development and Background | 170 | ||
| Biomechanics | 175 | ||
| Clinical Application, Indications, and Techniques | 182 | ||
| Summary | 201 | ||
| References | 201 | ||
| Chapter 6: Evaluation and Treatment of the Multiple-Trauma Patient | 204 | ||
| Introduction | 204 | ||
| The Trauma System | 205 | ||
| Assessing Severity of Injury | 205 | ||
| Prehospital Resuscitation | 206 | ||
| Hospital Resuscitation | 208 | ||
| Primary Survey | 209 | ||
| Secondary Survey | 215 | ||
| Tertiary Survey | 219 | ||
| Summary | 219 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 219 | ||
| References | 219 | ||
| Chapter 7: Damage Control Orthopaedic Surgery: A Strategy for the Orthopaedic Care of the Critically Injured Patient | 224 | ||
| The Damage Control Concept | 225 | ||
| The Orthopaedic Debate: Timing of Care for Long Bone Fractures | 226 | ||
| Multiply Injured Patients: Basic Physiology and the Inflammatory Process | 230 | ||
| Summary | 241 | ||
| References | 241 | ||
| Chapter 8: Disaster Management | 246 | ||
| Introduction | 246 | ||
| Disaster Planning | 246 | ||
| Disaster Classification | 247 | ||
| Disaster Management | 247 | ||
| Accidental and Man-Made Disasters | 250 | ||
| Medical Management of Disaster Casualties | 254 | ||
| References | 260 | ||
| Chapter 9: Occupational Hazards in the Treatment of Orthopaedic Trauma | 264 | ||
| Part I : Optimal and Safe Use of C-Arm X-Ray Fluoroscopy Units | 264 | ||
| Introduction | 264 | ||
| Features | 264 | ||
| Reduction of Radiation Dose During C-Arm Operation | 268 | ||
| Protection From Radiation of C-Arm Equipment when in Operation | 273 | ||
| Medical Physics Inspection of C-Arm Equipment | 273 | ||
| Part II: Prevention of Occupationally Acquired Blood-Borne Pathogens | 274 | ||
| Hepatitis B Virus | 274 | ||
| Hepatitis C Virus | 275 | ||
| Human Immunodeficiency | 276 | ||
| Strategies to Prevent Occupational Transmission of Blood-Borne Pathogens | 277 | ||
| Work Practices and Engineering Controls | 277 | ||
| Regulated Medical Waste | 278 | ||
| Summary | 279 | ||
| References | 279 | ||
| Chapter 10: Pharmacologic Management of the Orthopaedic Trauma Patient | 280 | ||
| Part I: Pain Management | 280 | ||
| Assessment | 280 | ||
| Pharmacotherapy | 280 | ||
| Part II: Antibiotic Therapy: General Considerations | 285 | ||
| Part III: Anticoagulation | 291 | ||
| Part IV: Substance Abuse Syndromes: Recognition, Prevention, and Treatment | 296 | ||
| Introduction | 296 | ||
| Definitions | 297 | ||
| Recognition-Estimating Risk | 297 | ||
| Recognition-Early Identification of Signs and Symptoms | 299 | ||
| Management-Prophylaxis/Treatment | 302 | ||
| Summary | 306 | ||
| References | 306 | ||
| Chapter 11: Principles and Complications of External Fixation | 314 | ||
| Historical Background | 314 | ||
| Fixator Terminology | 317 | ||
| Problems, Obstacles, and Complications | 319 | ||
| Principles Unique to the Ilizarov Method | 341 | ||
| External Fixators as Nonunion Machines | 346 | ||
| References | 347 | ||
| Chapter 12: Evaluation and Treatment of Vascular Injuries | 350 | ||
| History | 350 | ||
| Etiology | 350 | ||
| Locations and Types of Vascular Injuries | 351 | ||
| Diagnosis | 352 | ||
| Management of Vascular Injuries | 354 | ||
| Summary | 363 | ||
| References | 364 | ||
| Chapter 13: Compartment Syndromes | 368 | ||
| History | 368 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 369 | ||
| Diagnosis: Clinical Assessment | 370 | ||
| Tissue Pressure Measurements | 373 | ||
| Management of Skeletal Injuries | 389 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 390 | ||
| References | 390 | ||
| Chapter 14: Fractures with Soft Tissue Injuries | 394 | ||
| Historical Perspective and Scope | 394 | ||
| Etiology, Mechanisms, and Characteristics | 395 | ||
| Classifications | 395 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries | 397 | ||
| Treatment Plan and Early Care | 398 | ||
| Wound Infections and Antimicrobial Agents | 399 | ||
| Wound Care | 403 | ||
| Fracture Fixation | 409 | ||
| Achieving Bone Union | 417 | ||
| Regaining Function | 417 | ||
| Coordinating and Staging of Interventions | 418 | ||
| References | 418 | ||
| Chapter 15: Soft Tissue Coverage | 424 | ||
| Wound Preparation | 424 | ||
| Timing | 425 | ||
| Wound Coverage Techniques | 426 | ||
| Soft Tissue Coverage by Region | 429 | ||
| Avulsion Injuries | 452 | ||
| Osteomyelitis: Role of Vascularized Muscle Flap Coverage | 453 | ||
| References | 454 | ||
| Chapter 16: Gunshot Wounds to the Musculoskeletal System | 458 | ||
| Introduction | 458 | ||
| Ballistics | 458 | ||
| Diagnosis | 459 | ||
| General Treatment Principles | 459 | ||
| Upper Extremity | 460 | ||
| Proximal Humerus and Shoulder Joint | 460 | ||
| Humeral Shaft and Arm | 461 | ||
| Elbow | 465 | ||
| Distal Humerus | 465 | ||
| Ulna | 465 | ||
| Forearm | 466 | ||
| Pelvis | 470 | ||
| Femur | 472 | ||
| Tibia | 473 | ||
| Foot | 477 | ||
| References | 477 | ||
| Chapter 17: Pathologic Fractures | 480 | ||
| Diagnosis of Bone Metastases | 487 | ||
| Treatment | 491 | ||
| Summary | 528 | ||
| References | 533 | ||
| Chapter 18: Osteoporotic Fragility Fractures | 540 | ||
| Epidemiology | 540 | ||
| Bone as a Metabolic Organ | 540 | ||
| Mechanism of Osteopenic Fracture | 541 | ||
| Fracture Healing and Osteoporosis | 541 | ||
| Definition and Diagnosis of Osteoporosis | 542 | ||
| Medical Treatment and Prevention of Osteoporosis | 543 | ||
| Management of Osteoporotic Fractures | 545 | ||
| References | 547 | ||
| Chapter 19: Surgical Site Infection Prevention | 552 | ||
| Introduction | 552 | ||
| Surgical Asepsis | 554 | ||
| Patient Preparation | 557 | ||
| Host Factors | 557 | ||
| Perioperative Glycemic Control | 558 | ||
| Perioperative Oxygen Supplementation and Temperature Regulation | 560 | ||
| Perioperative Antibiotics | 561 | ||
| Summary | 567 | ||
| References | 567 | ||
| Chapter 20: Diagnosis and Treatment of Complications | 572 | ||
| Systemic Complications | 572 | ||
| Local Complications of Fractures | 586 | ||
| Management of Complications | 600 | ||
| References | 603 | ||
| Chapter 21: Chronic Osteomyelitis | 616 | ||
| Terminology | 616 | ||
| Epidemiology | 616 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 617 | ||
| Classification | 618 | ||
| Diagnosis | 620 | ||
| Management | 624 | ||
| Summary | 636 | ||
| References | 637 | ||
| Chapter 22: Nonunions: Evaluation and Treatment | 642 | ||
| Introduction | 642 | ||
| Definitions | 642 | ||
| Fracture Repair | 642 | ||
| Etiology of Nonunions | 643 | ||
| Evaluation of Nonunions | 645 | ||
| Treatment | 659 | ||
| Summary | 723 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 724 | ||
| References | 724 | ||
| Chapter 23: Physical Impairment Ratings for Fractures | 736 | ||
| Generic Issues of Disability and Impairment | 736 | ||
| Epidemiology of Fractures in the United States | 738 | ||
| Guides To Impairment Determination | 739 | ||
| Summary | 741 | ||
| References | 742 | ||
| Chapter 24: Outcomes Research in Orthopaedics | 744 | ||
| Outcomes Assessment | 744 | ||
| Clinical Versus Patient-Oriented Outcomes | 744 | ||
| Instrument Development | 745 | ||
| Orthopaedic Functional Outcome Instruments | 745 | ||
| Recommendations for Clinical Outcomes Research and Outcomes Assessment | 750 | ||
| References | 751 | ||
| Section 2: Spine | 754 | ||
| Chapter 25: Initial Evaluation and Emergency Treatment of the Spine-Injured Patient | 756 | ||
| Basic Considerations | 756 | ||
| Management | 764 | ||
| Special Considerations | 775 | ||
| References | 776 | ||
| Chapter 26: Spinal Imaging | 780 | ||
| Introduction | 780 | ||
| Diagnostic Imaging of the Spine: an Overview of Imaging Modalities-Advantages and Disadvantages | 780 | ||
| Imaging Approach to the Potentially Injured Cervical Spine | 809 | ||
| Summary | 816 | ||
| References | 816 | ||
| Chapter 27: Spinal Orthoses | 820 | ||
| General Concepts | 821 | ||
| Cervical Traction | 821 | ||
| Cervical Orthoses | 825 | ||
| High Cervicothoracic Orthoses | 826 | ||
| Low Cervical Thoracic Orthoses | 828 | ||
| Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Orthoses | 830 | ||
| Conclusions | 837 | ||
| References | 837 | ||
| Chapter 28: Injuries of the Cervicocranium | 840 | ||
| Anatomy | 840 | ||
| Occipital Condyle Fractures | 842 | ||
| Occipitoatlantal Dislocations | 844 | ||
| Atlas Fractures | 847 | ||
| Atlantoaxial Instability | 850 | ||
| Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxations and Dislocations | 853 | ||
| Odontoid Fractures | 855 | ||
| Fractures in Older Patients | 860 | ||
| Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of the Axis | 861 | ||
| Miscellaneous C2 Fractures | 864 | ||
| Surgical Techniques | 864 | ||
| Surgical Approaches to the Cervicocranium | 877 | ||
| References | 879 | ||
| Chapter 29: Injuries of the Lower Cervical Spine | 890 | ||
| Anatomy of the Subaxial Cervical Spine | 890 | ||
| Biomechanical Stability of the Cervical Spine | 892 | ||
| Injury Mechanisms and Classification | 898 | ||
| Patient Assessment | 899 | ||
| General Management Considerations | 899 | ||
| Surgical Techniques | 909 | ||
| Management of Specific Injuries | 913 | ||
| Summary | 938 | ||
| References | 938 | ||
| Chapter 30: Thoracic and Upper Lumbar Spine Injuries | 942 | ||
| Historical Background | 942 | ||
| Anatomy | 942 | ||
| Mechanisms of Injury | 947 | ||
| Spinal Stability | 954 | ||
| Classification | 959 | ||
| Treatment Options | 971 | ||
| Treatment of Specific Injuries | 972 | ||
| Operative Treatment | 977 | ||
| Complications | 994 | ||
| Conclusion | 998 | ||
| References | 998 | ||
| Chapter 31: Low Lumbar Fractures | 1006 | ||
| Anatomic Features | 1007 | ||
| Lumbar Spine Injury Patterns | 1010 | ||
| Neurologic Deficit | 1017 | ||
| Management | 1019 | ||
| Summary | 1040 | ||
| References | 1040 | ||
| Chapter 32: Gunshot Wounds of the Spine | 1046 | ||
| Demographics and Epidemiology | 1046 | ||
| Wound Ballistics | 1046 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 1052 | ||
| Treatment of Gunshot Wounds of the Spine | 1053 | ||
| Complications of Gunshot Wounds of the Spine | 1056 | ||
| Other Penetrating Injuries of the Spine | 1063 | ||
| Conclusion | 1066 | ||
| References | 1066 | ||
| Chapter 33: Fractures in the Stiff and Osteoporotic Spine | 1070 | ||
| Osteoporotic Spinal Fractures | 1070 | ||
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | 1072 | ||
| Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis | 1076 | ||
| Conclusion | 1077 | ||
| References | 1077 | ||
| Chapter 34: Complications in the Treatment of Spinal Trauma | 1080 | ||
| Complications of Nonoperative Treatment | 1080 | ||
| Complications of Operative Treatment | 1083 | ||
| Vascular and Soft Tissue Complications | 1083 | ||
| Instrumentation Failure | 1089 | ||
| Summary | 1098 | ||
| References | 1098 | ||
| Section 3: Pelvis | 1104 | ||
| Chapter 35: Fractures of the Sacrum | 1106 | ||
| Etiology and Epidemiology | 1106 | ||
| Anatomic Features | 1107 | ||
| Sacral Injury Patterns | 1108 | ||
| Evaluation | 1113 | ||
| Management | 1117 | ||
| Complications | 1130 | ||
| Summary | 1130 | ||
| References | 1130 | ||
| Chapter 36: Pelvic Ring Disruptions | 1134 | ||
| Anatomy | 1134 | ||
| Pelvic Stability | 1138 | ||
| Pathomechanics and Mechanisms of Pelvic Disruption | 1142 | ||
| Classification of Pelvic Disruptions | 1143 | ||
| Assessment of Pelvic Disruption | 1149 | ||
| Decision Making | 1158 | ||
| Reduction and Fixation Techniques | 1159 | ||
| Postoperative Plan | 1187 | ||
| Genitourinary Injuries | 1187 | ||
| Open Pelvic Fractures | 1187 | ||
| Complications | 1190 | ||
| Results | 1191 | ||
| Summary | 1192 | ||
| References | 1192 | ||
| Chapter 37: Surgical Treatment of Acetabular Fractures | 1198 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1198 | ||
| Osteology | 1198 | ||
| Radiology | 1200 | ||
| Classification | 1204 | ||
| Posterior Wall | 1204 | ||
| Posterior Column | 1204 | ||
| Anterior Wall | 1207 | ||
| Anterior Column | 1208 | ||
| Transverse | 1208 | ||
| Transverse Fractures with Associated Posterior Wall Involvement | 1209 | ||
| Posterior Column Fracture with Associated Posterior Wall Involvement | 1209 | ||
| Anterior Column with Fracture with Associated Posterior Hemitransverse Injury | 1210 | ||
| T-Type | 1210 | ||
| Associated Both-Column Fracture | 1210 | ||
| Variant Patterns | 1211 | ||
| Decision Making | 1212 | ||
| Operative Timing | 1215 | ||
| Initial Management | 1216 | ||
| Surgical Exposures | 1216 | ||
| Kocher-Langenbeck | 1217 | ||
| Ilioinguinal | 1218 | ||
| Extended Iliofemoral | 1221 | ||
| Combined Anterior and Posterior Exposures | 1222 | ||
| Other Exposures | 1222 | ||
| Manipulative Reduction/Percutaneous Fixation | 1222 | ||
| Exposure, Reduction, and Fixation by Fracture Pattern | 1223 | ||
| Posterior Wall | 1223 | ||
| Posterior Column | 1224 | ||
| Anterior Wall | 1224 | ||
| Anterior Column | 1224 | ||
| Transverse | 1225 | ||
| Transverse fracture with Associated Posterior Wall involvemen | 1225 | ||
| Posterior Column fracture with Associated Posterior Wall involvement | 1228 | ||
| Anterior Column fracture with Associated Posterior Hemitransverse involvement | 1229 | ||
| T-type | 1230 | ||
| Associated Both-Column fracture | 1230 | ||
| Technical Note: Operative Management of a Transverse Fracture with Associated Posterior Wall Acetabular Component Using a Koc-Langenbeckexposure and the Patient Positioned Prone | 1231 | ||
| Technical Note: Application of an Intrapelvic Plate to Support the Quadrilateral Surface Fracture Component | 1233 | ||
| Aftercare | 1233 | ||
| Complications | 1233 | ||
| Malreduction | 1234 | ||
| Nerve Injury | 1234 | ||
| Deep Venous Thrombosis | 1236 | ||
| Infection | 1236 | ||
| Ectopic Bone Formation | 1236 | ||
| Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head | 1237 | ||
| Arthritis | 1237 | ||
| Fixation Error | 1237 | ||
| Summary | 1238 | ||
| References | 1238 | ||
| Index | 1246 | ||
| e9781416022206v2 | 1302 | ||
| Front Cover | 1302 | ||
| Skeletal Trauma | 1305 | ||
| Copyright Page | 1306 | ||
| Dedication Page | 1307 | ||
| Contributors | 1309 | ||
| Foreword | 1317 | ||
| Preface | 1319 | ||
| First Editon | 1319 | ||
| Second Edition | 1319 | ||
| Third Edition | 1319 | ||
| Fourth Edition | 1320 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 1321 | ||
| Table of Contents | 1323 | ||
| Section 4: Upper Extremity | 1329 | ||
| Chapter 38: Fractures and Dislocations of the Hand | 1331 | ||
| Functional Anatomy | 1331 | ||
| General Principles | 1333 | ||
| Emergency Department Anesthesia | 1336 | ||
| Treatment of Metacarpal and Phalangeal Fractures: Concepts and Goals | 1337 | ||
| Fracture Immobilization Techniques | 1339 | ||
| Metacarpal Fractures | 1352 | ||
| Phalangeal Fractures | 1384 | ||
| Mallet Injuries | 1421 | ||
| Dislocations | 1424 | ||
| Open Fractures | 1430 | ||
| Complex Injuries | 1431 | ||
| Complications of Hand Fracture Management | 1432 | ||
| References | 1441 | ||
| Chapter 39: Fractures and Dislocations of the Carpus | 1453 | ||
| Fractures of the Scaphoid | 1453 | ||
| Kienböck's Disease | 1470 | ||
| Fractures of the Capitate | 1473 | ||
| Fractures of the Hamate | 1474 | ||
| Fractures of the Triquetrum | 1476 | ||
| Fractures of the Trapezium | 1476 | ||
| Fractures of the Pisiform | 1476 | ||
| Fractures of the Trapezoid | 1477 | ||
| Dislocation of the Carpus | 1477 | ||
| References | 1504 | ||
| Chapter 40: Fractures of the Distal Radius | 1515 | ||
| Functional Anatomy | 1515 | ||
| Classification | 1515 | ||
| Radiographic Assessment | 1519 | ||
| Determination of Stability | 1519 | ||
| Relation of Anatomy to Function | 1523 | ||
| Treatment | 1524 | ||
| Extra-Articular Fractures | 1525 | ||
| Intra-Articular Fractures | 1531 | ||
| Associated Injuries | 1545 | ||
| Complications | 1549 | ||
| Evaluation of Outcome | 1553 | ||
| Future Considerations | 1556 | ||
| Summary | 1560 | ||
| References | 1561 | ||
| Chapter 41: Diaphyseal Fractures of the Forearm | 1569 | ||
| Goals of Treatment | 1569 | ||
| Classification of Diaphyseal Forearm Fractures | 1569 | ||
| Treatment | 1570 | ||
| Open Fracture | 1585 | ||
| Specific Lesions | 1587 | ||
| Complications | 1596 | ||
| Assessment of Outcome | 1607 | ||
| References | 1608 | ||
| Chapter 42: Trauma to the Adult Elbow and Fractures of the Distal Humerus | 1613 | ||
| Part I: Trauma to the Adult Elbow | 1613 | ||
| Radial Head Fractures | 1613 | ||
| Coronoid Fractures | 1629 | ||
| The \"Terrible Triad\" of the Elbow | 1631 | ||
| Olecranon Fractures | 1635 | ||
| Dislocation of the Elbow | 1642 | ||
| Part II: Fractures of the Distal Humerus | 1652 | ||
| Distal Humeral Anatomy | 1652 | ||
| General Classification | 1657 | ||
| Single-Column Fractures | 1657 | ||
| Bicolumn Fractures | 1660 | ||
| Fractures of the Capitellum and Articular Surface | 1687 | ||
| Extra-Articular Intracapsular Fractures: Transcolumn Fractures | 1691 | ||
| References | 1694 | ||
| Chapter 43: Fractures of the Humeral Shaft | 1703 | ||
| Anatomy | 1703 | ||
| Biomechanical Considerations | 1703 | ||
| Classification | 1705 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1706 | ||
| Management | 1706 | ||
| Complications | 1726 | ||
| Special Issues | 1730 | ||
| Summary | 1730 | ||
| References | 1731 | ||
| Chapter 44: Proximal Humeral Fractures and Glenohumeral Dislocations | 1733 | ||
| Part I: Essential Principles | 1733 | ||
| Relevant Anatomy and Biomechanics | 1733 | ||
| Evaluation of an Acutely Injured Shoulder | 1738 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 1746 | ||
| Surgical Treatment of Proximal Humeral and Glenohumeral Injuries | 1747 | ||
| Outcome Evaluation | 1751 | ||
| References | 1752 | ||
| Part II: Proximal Humeral Fractures and Fracture–Dislocations | 1753 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1753 | ||
| Mechanisms of Injury | 1754 | ||
| Associated Injuries | 1754 | ||
| Fracture Classification | 1756 | ||
| Management | 1763 | ||
| Outcome Assessment | 1814 | ||
| Complications | 1816 | ||
| Conclusion | 1821 | ||
| References | 1822 | ||
| Part III: Glenohumeral Dislocations | 1827 | ||
| Direction of Dislocation | 1827 | ||
| Anterior Glenohumeral Dislocation | 1828 | ||
| Posterior Dislocation | 1839 | ||
| References | 1845 | ||
| Part IV: Post-Traumatic Reconstruction of Proximal Humeral Fractures and Fracture–Dislocations | 1849 | ||
| Evaluation | 1849 | ||
| Prosthetic Arthroplasty | 1849 | ||
| Results of Arthroplasty | 1855 | ||
| Nonunion | 1856 | ||
| Malunion | 1857 | ||
| Results of Malunion and Nonunion Treatment | 1861 | ||
| Summary | 1862 | ||
| References | 1862 | ||
| Chapter 45: Injuries to the Shoulder Girdle | 1865 | ||
| Anatomy | 1865 | ||
| Shoulder Suspensory Complex | 1866 | ||
| Sternoclavicular Joint Dislocation | 1867 | ||
| Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation | 1869 | ||
| Fractures of the Scapula | 1870 | ||
| Fractures of the Clavicle | 1875 | ||
| References | 1887 | ||
| Section 5: Lower Extremity | 1889 | ||
| Chapter 46: Hip Dislocations | 1891 | ||
| Pathology | 1891 | ||
| Classification of HIP Dislocations | 1898 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1902 | ||
| Management | 1906 | ||
| Complications | 1919 | ||
| References | 1922 | ||
| Chapter 47: Medical Management of the Patient with Hip Fracture | 1929 | ||
| Outcome Variables | 1929 | ||
| Preoperative Assessment | 1929 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 1937 | ||
| Summary | 1938 | ||
| References | 1938 | ||
| Chapter 48: Intracapsular Hip Fractures | 1943 | ||
| Femoral Head Fractures | 1943 | ||
| Femoral Neck Fractures | 1957 | ||
| References | 2005 | ||
| Chapter 49: Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures | 2023 | ||
| Incidence and Etiology | 2023 | ||
| Relevant Anatomy | 2024 | ||
| Radiographic Assessment | 2026 | ||
| Classification of Intertrochanteric Fractures | 2027 | ||
| Patient Assessment | 2029 | ||
| Management | 2031 | ||
| Complications | 2056 | ||
| Patient Outcome | 2061 | ||
| Summary | 2062 | ||
| References | 2062 | ||
| Chapter 50: Post-Traumatic Reconstruction of the Hip Joint | 2067 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | 2067 | ||
| Salvage of Failed Femoral Neck Fractures: Young Patients | 2069 | ||
| Salvage of Femoral Neck Fractures: Older Patients | 2074 | ||
| Salvage of Failed Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures: Young Patients | 2076 | ||
| Salvage of Failed Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures: Older Patients | 2077 | ||
| Conclusions Regarding Failure of Proximal Femur Fracture Treatment | 2081 | ||
| References | 2084 | ||
| Chapter 51: Subtrochanteric Fractures of the Femur | 2087 | ||
| Pathology | 2087 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2093 | ||
| Management | 2096 | ||
| Description of Individual Procedures | 2097 | ||
| Special Considerations | 2128 | ||
| Complications | 2132 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 2140 | ||
| References | 2140 | ||
| Chapter 52: Femoral Shaft Fractures | 2145 | ||
| Introduction and Overview | 2145 | ||
| Anatomy | 2145 | ||
| History | 2149 | ||
| Femoral Fractures in Polytrauma | 2150 | ||
| Assessment and Initial Management | 2150 | ||
| Fracture Classification | 2151 | ||
| Principles of Management of Diaphyseal Femoral Fractures | 2154 | ||
| Published Results of Treatment | 2167 | ||
| Specific Fracture Considerations | 2168 | ||
| Bone Loss in Femoral Fractures | 2175 | ||
| Fatigue (Stress) Fractures | 2176 | ||
| Children and Young Adolescents | 2177 | ||
| Nonunion | 2177 | ||
| Summary | 2180 | ||
| References | 2180 | ||
| Chapter 53: Fractures of the Distal Femur | 2183 | ||
| Pathology | 2183 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2187 | ||
| History of Treatment for Distal Femoral Fractures | 2188 | ||
| Management | 2190 | ||
| Follow-Up Care and Rehabilitation | 2231 | ||
| Complications | 2232 | ||
| References | 2236 | ||
| Chapter 54: Patella Fractures and Extensor Mechanism Injuries | 2241 | ||
| Historical Background | 2241 | ||
| Anatomy | 2241 | ||
| Extensor Apparatus Biomechanics | 2243 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2244 | ||
| Fracture Classification | 2248 | ||
| Treatment | 2252 | ||
| Complications | 2267 | ||
| Extensor Mechanism Injuries | 2268 | ||
| References | 2273 | ||
| Chapter 55: Dislocations and Soft Tissue Injuries of the Knee | 2277 | ||
| Diagnostic Approach to the Injured Knee | 2277 | ||
| Open Knee Dislocations | 2283 | ||
| Traumatic Dislocation of the Knee | 2285 | ||
| Management of Low-Energy Knee Dislocation | 2289 | ||
| High-Energy Knee Dislocations | 2292 | ||
| Surgical Management of Knee Dislocations | 2293 | ||
| Meniscal Injury | 2299 | ||
| References | 2303 | ||
| Chapter 56: Tibial Plateau Fractures | 2311 | ||
| Anatomy | 2311 | ||
| Mechanism of Injury | 2314 | ||
| Consequences of Injury | 2315 | ||
| Classification | 2315 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2321 | ||
| Fracture Management | 2334 | ||
| Arthroscopically Assisted Treatment of Plateau Fractures | 2369 | ||
| Definitive External Fixation of Tibial Plateau Fractures | 2370 | ||
| Management of Special Circumstances | 2383 | ||
| Posteoperative Management and Rehabilitation | 2386 | ||
| Complications | 2388 | ||
| Outcomes | 2389 | ||
| Summary | 2390 | ||
| References | 2391 | ||
| Chapter 57: Malunions and Nonunions about the Knee | 2399 | ||
| Post-Traumatic Difficulties Following Fractures of the Distal Femur | 2399 | ||
| Post-Traumatic Difficulties Following Fractures of the Proximal Tibia | 2406 | ||
| Post-Traumatic Difficulties Following Fractures of the Patella | 2420 | ||
| References | 2425 | ||
| Chapter 58: Tibial Shaft Fractures | 2429 | ||
| Pathology | 2430 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2443 | ||
| Management of Tibial Fractures | 2448 | ||
| Results of Tibial Fractures | 2512 | ||
| Complications and their Management | 2517 | ||
| Fibular Fractures | 2541 | ||
| Injuries of the Proximal Tibiofibular Joint | 2543 | ||
| Fatigue and Insufficiency Fractures | 2544 | ||
| References | 2545 | ||
| Chapter 59: Fractures of the Tibial Pilon | 2563 | ||
| Mechanism of Injury | 2563 | ||
| Radiographic Evaluation and Classification | 2564 | ||
| Evolution of Care | 2568 | ||
| Initial Treatment | 2572 | ||
| Treatment Options | 2572 | ||
| Technique of Orif | 2593 | ||
| Open Fractures | 2609 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 2610 | ||
| Unreconstructible Pilon Fractures | 2610 | ||
| Complications | 2611 | ||
| Clinical Outcomes | 2618 | ||
| Prognosis | 2618 | ||
| Summary | 2619 | ||
| References | 2620 | ||
| Chapter 60: Malleolar Fractures and Soft Tissue Injuries of the Ankle | 2625 | ||
| Anatomy and Biomechanics | 2625 | ||
| Evaluation of the Injured Ankle | 2634 | ||
| Management of Ankle Fractures | 2638 | ||
| Classification | 2641 | ||
| Definitive Treatment | 2647 | ||
| Soft Tissue Injuries of the Ankle | 2679 | ||
| Complications | 2685 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 2688 | ||
| References | 2688 | ||
| Chapter 61: Foot Injuries | 2695 | ||
| General Principles of Care of the Traumatized Foot | 2695 | ||
| Analyzing Outcome in the Foot | 2696 | ||
| Initial Evaluation of the Patient with a Foot Injury | 2697 | ||
| Talus Fractures | 2697 | ||
| Tarsal Dislocations | 2728 | ||
| Hindfoot Sprain | 2736 | ||
| Calcaneal Fractures | 2736 | ||
| Navicular Fractures | 2779 | ||
| Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) Injuries | 2792 | ||
| Cuboid Fractures | 2810 | ||
| Metatarsal Fractures | 2813 | ||
| Injury to the Metatarsophalangeal Joints | 2823 | ||
| Injury to the Proximal Phalanx and Interphalangeal Joint of the Hallux | 2828 | ||
| Injury to the Lesser Phalanges and Interphalangeal Joints | 2830 | ||
| Distal Phalanx and Nail Bed Injuries | 2831 | ||
| Fracture | 2831 | ||
| Sesamoid Fractures | 2831 | ||
| Compartment Syndrome | 2834 | ||
| Deep Venous Thrombosis and Prophylaxis | 2837 | ||
| Mutilating Injuries | 2837 | ||
| Crush Injuries | 2838 | ||
| Thermal Injury | 2839 | ||
| Gunshot Wounds | 2839 | ||
| Heel Pad Injury | 2841 | ||
| Traumatic Tendon Injury | 2841 | ||
| Puncture Wounds | 2842 | ||
| Animal Bites and Marine Wounds | 2843 | ||
| Neuropathic Foot Fracture | 2844 | ||
| References | 2844 | ||
| Chapter 62: Post-Traumatic Reconstruction of the Foot and Ankle | 2859 | ||
| Lower Limb Alignment and Joint Orientation | 2859 | ||
| Principles | 2859 | ||
| Physical Examination | 2859 | ||
| Imaging Studies | 2863 | ||
| Malunion, Nonunion, and Degenerative Spur Formation on the Talus, Including the os Trigonum, and Osteochondrosis | 2864 | ||
| Calcaneal Malunion and Nonunion | 2865 | ||
| Navicular Nonunion and Malunion and Talonavicular Arthrosis | 2866 | ||
| Cuboid Malunions and Nonunions with and without Lateral Column Shortening | 2867 | ||
| Metatarsal Nonunions and Malunions | 2868 | ||
| Phalangeal Malunions and Nonunions | 2869 | ||
| Post-Traumatic Arthrosis | 2869 | ||
| Residuals of Compartment Syndromes | 2886 | ||
| References | 2887 | ||
| Chapter 63: Principles of Deformity Correction | 2889 | ||
| Lower Limb Alignment and Joint Orientation | 2889 | ||
| Characteristics of Deformity | 2889 | ||
| Joint Considerations for Correction of Deformity | 2944 | ||
| Improvements in Deformity Correction: Development and Application | 2945 | ||
| References | 2952 | ||
| Chapter 64: Periprosthetic Fractures of the Lower Extremity | 2953 | ||
| History | 2953 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 2953 | ||
| Periprosthetic Fractures Around Total Hip Arthroplasty | 2954 | ||
| Periprosthetic Fractures Around Total Knee Arthroplasty | 2959 | ||
| References | 2968 | ||
| Chapter 65: Amputations in Trauma | 2973 | ||
| Limb Salvage Versus Amputation | 2974 | ||
| Functional Independence Measure | 2974 | ||
| Metabolic Cost of Walking with an Amputation | 2974 | ||
| Amputation Stump | 2975 | ||
| Surgical Considerations | 2982 | ||
| Prosthetic Considerations | 2982 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 2984 | ||
| Foot and Ankle Amputation | 2985 | ||
| Upper Extremity Amputation | 2988 | ||
| Psychosocial Adaptation | 2989 | ||
| Late Complications | 2989 | ||
| Summary | 2991 | ||
| References | 2991 | ||
| Index | 2993 |