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Pathways that Changed Myanmar

Pathways that Changed Myanmar

Matthew Mullen

(2016)

Abstract

In the midst of the political upheavals that engulfed Myanmar from 2010 to 2011, international attention was fixed upon the military regime and its dissident opponents. But away from the cameras, a very different set of struggles were unfolding across the country. These struggles were manifested not as violent clashes, but as everyday interactions involving taxi drivers, community organizers, farmers, heads of domestic NGOs, and many more.

A product of five years' research, during which the author conducted over five hundred ethnographic interviews across the country, Pathways that Changed Myanmar provides a voice for those ordinary Burmese whose trials and aspirations went unheard and unnoticed during this pivotal moment in the nation's history.


Matthew Mullen lectures at the Institute of Human Rights and Peace Studies, Mahidol University, Thailand. He has written widely on the politics of Myanmar, as well as on oppression and resistance, transitional justice, structural and cultural violence, and business and human rights.

'Places a powerful magnifying glass over what precisely is happening in Myanmar...remarkable insights on almost every page.'
The Nation

‘This book captures a story that needed to be told, and extracts lessons for both Myanmar and the world. As Mullen states, struggling against authoritarianism is “never as simple as rallying around those fighting the good fight.”'
Aung Naing Oo, Burmese peace and democracy advocate

‘This book gives voice to all those in Myanmar who continue to fight for change. The change we see in Myanmar today did not fall from the sky. It was made by small steps won each day over years, even decades. This book documents how these steps were taken.’
Nwet Kay Khine, journalist and former editor of The Voice (Myanmar)

‘This book provides important insights into how internal politics, foreign powers, and cultural peculiarities can shape transition in the most unexpected ways.'
Yaraslau Kryvoi, University of West London

‘In an era when many are eager to declare themselves “Burma experts”, Matthew Mullen stands out for his humility and thoughtfulness. He has created a rarity: an academic book that’s fun to read, painstakingly detailed, and which provides model of how to do research in a shifting landscape.’
Rosalie Metro, University of Missouri

'Mullen’s book sheds light on the reality of everyday life under military rule, and the stories he reveals challenge the narratives we have become accustomed to. During this often difficult period of top-down change in Myanmar, the book is a refreshing reminder that change comes from multiple sources and carries various meanings for each of us.'
Tea Circle, University of Oxford

'These are stories from the people themselves. In this sense, the book is an incredibly valuable source of descriptive material from the field.'
Newbooks.Asia

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front cover Front cover
About the author i
Title page iii
Copyright iv
Contents v
Acknowledgements vii
One. Introduction 1
Contrasting pathways to change 5
The research 12
The road to NLD-led Myanmar 20
Two. The clash that galvanized a global movement 26
8/8/88 29
The Saffron Revolution 32
Armed resistance 34
The pathway: contentious politics 40
Global framing around contentious politics 43
Three. The Third Force 48
Profiling the Third Force 49
The pathway: reconstructive politics 54
Constructing reconstructive politics 65
Engaging a malleable system 66
The dissolution of the Third Force 73
Four. Everyday resistance 75
Weapons of the weak in military-ruled Myanmar 76
Successful coping 83
Flexed political muscles at the extremities 90
The exclusion of everyday resistance 97
Valuing local navigation 104
Five. From bullets to bribery 111
Published and palpable tensions 113
“Real” change 119
Whose concerns? 126
Compromise 132
Sacrifice 138
Moral compasses 142
Recognition 147
Six. Sanctions: a cure and a disease 153
Sanctions as a cure 156
Sanctions as a disease 162
What sanctions are not 170
Avoiding aristocracy 178
Seven. Nay Win Maung’s funeral 181
Nay Win Maung: in his own words 182
A reconciliatory funeral 187
Nay Win Maung’s legacy 189
Eight. From human rights rhetoric to 969 193
969 196
On the receiving end 199
From righteous to predatory 201
Nine. Transitioning to an NLD-led Myanmar 206
A challenging road to the 2015 elections 207
Contracting the transition through Naypyidaw 215
No silver bullet in NLD-led Myanmar 228
Notes 233
References 238
Index 252
Back cover Back cover