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The Asia-Pacific in the Age of Transnational Mobility

The Asia-Pacific in the Age of Transnational Mobility

Catherine Gomes

(2016)

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Book Details

Abstract

The growing mobility of people within and into the Asia Pacific region has created environments of increasing diversity as nations become hosts to both permanent and temporary multicultural societies. How do we begin to gauge the impact of mobility and multiculturalism on individuals and groups in this diverse region today? The authors of The Asia Pacific in the Age of Transnational Mobility turn to social media as a tool of inquiry to map how mobile subjects and minorities articulate their sense of community and identity. The authors see social media as a platform that allows users to document and express their individual and collective identities, sometimes in restrictive communication environments, while providing a sense of belonging and agency. They present original empirical work that attempts to help readers understand how mobile subjects who circulate in the Asia Pacific create a sense of community for themselves and articulate their ethnic, ideological and national identities.


As the age of social media progresses, the Asia Pacific, like the rest of the world, is experiencing an increase in cultural diversity and global connection. Those within the region are witnessing rapid social and cultural changes. As individuals and groups navigate through an increasingly mobile, transnational and multicultural ethnographic landscape, social media provides a sense of belonging for these networked communities.

Social media allows individuals and groups to map and redefine their evolving communal and national identities and thus form sometimes new, vibrant and necessary communities to help create individual and group belonging and agency. While creating a sense of belonging and agency in their respective homeland(s), individuals and groups are also able to connect to global networks. Recognising these layered and intertwined complexities governing societal and cultural cohesion, the authors in this collection each discuss the innate challenges of the social media era on culture, identity and social interaction. This original empirical work documents social media as a user platform for the expression of individual and collective identities.


‘This is a crucially important volume on transnational mobility that brings together excellent studies covering a geographical range from Australia to Vietnam. What sets the volume apart from others that have engaged with questions of transnationalism is that each study builds on exceptionally rich material while engaging with the bigger questions of migration and mobility.’
—Michiel Baas, Research Fellow, Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore


Catherine Gomes is a Senior Lecturer at RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.


Journal of the Indian Ocean Region


‘An exemplary text that highlights how the Asia Pacific is driving the age of digital connectivity and how Asians are redefining their location, identity and belonging through the internet and social media.’ –Selvaraj Velayutham, Senior Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Macquarie University, Australia


‘Gomes has brought together a range of scholars to investigate how people in the Asia-Pacific use social media to articulate their sense of identity and community in the midst of transience, cultural diversity and transnational mobility. This book fills a gap by connecting the everyday social media practices of people from the Asia-Pacific with their social and cultural contexts, at times in a controlled communication environment.’ –Supriya Singh, Professor, Sociology of Communications, RMIT University, Australia


‘A groundbreaking collection of essays that represent the latest and cutting-edge scholarship which critically examines the impact and implications of social media on defining and shaping the intersections and interactions of transnational migrations and other forms of border crossings with community belonging and identity constructions in the Asia Pacific today.’ –Jonathan Y. Tan, Archbishop Paul J. Hallinan Professor of Catholic Studies, Department of Religious Studies, and affiliated faculty in the Ethnic Studies and Asian Studies Programs, Case Western Reserve University, USA


‘This volume breaks many new grounds, and is a brilliant example of cutting-edge interdisciplinary social research. It will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars of cultural studies, mobility research and Southeast Asian studies.’ –Peidong Yang, Research Fellow, Division of Sociology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover 1
Front Matter i
Half-title i
Series information ii
Title page iii
Copyright information iv
Table of contents v
List of illustrations vii
Acknowledgements ix
Part 1 Social Media, Mobility, Transience And Transnational Relationships 17
Chapter (1-4) 19
Chapter 1 Female Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers In Hong Kong: A Case Study... 19
Issues Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers Encounter in Hong Kong 21
Stereotypes of the Domestic Migrant Worker in Hong Kong 23
The Use of Social Media and Activism by Indonesian Migrant Workers 26
Labour Organizations in Hong Kong 27
Solidarity through Facebook 28
Facebook advocacy and the case of Erwiana Sulistyaningsih 30
International support for Erwiana 33
Conclusion 36
References 36
Chapter 2 Media And Mobilities In Australia: A Case Study Of Southeast... 41
Introduction 41
International Students 42
Well-Being 44
Mobility, Migration and Media 46
Methodology: A Case Study of Home and Away 47
Maintaining home connections 48
Sharing life narratives and vicarious hanging out 50
‘Inauthentic’ connections 52
Online communities of diaspora 55
Conclusion 59
References 60
Chapter 3 Connecting And Reconnecting With Vietnam: Migration, Vietnamese Overseas Communities And Social Media 63
Post-1975 Migration 64
War-Related Việt Kiều: Shifts in Attitudes and Increasing Involvement in the Homeland 65
Overseas Vietnamese Students 67
Temporary Migrant Workers 70
Harnessing the Diaspora: What Needs to Be Done? 71
Improving transparency and eradicating corruption 72
Engaging and tapping the potential contribution of the overseas communities 73
Providing attractive conditions for returnees and their families 73
Using Social Media to Connect with the Diaspora 75
Engaging with Diaspora via Social Media: Examples from Some Asian Countries 76
South Korea 76
Singapore 76
China 77
India 78
Engaging via Social Media: Recent Developments 79
Conclusion 81
References 82
Chapter 4 Liking It, Not Loving It: International Students In Singapore... 87
Introduction 87
International Students in Singapore 89
Singapore as a Destination 91
Multiculturalism in Singapore 93
Methodology: Social Media, Self-Perceived Identity and Social Networks 96
Ordinary Everyday Use of Social Media with Barely Any Mention of Singapore 97
Same but Not Really: Chinese Singapore’s Cultural Bias 103
‘Got Used to Here, More or Less’ 106
Identity Connected to Nationality and Friends from Home 109
Conclusion 111
References 112
Part 2 Social Media And Existing Multicultural Relationships In A Controlled Communication Environment 117
Chapter (5-8) 136
Chapter 5 Is ‘Allah Just For Muslims’? Religion, Indigenization And Boundaries In Malaysia 119
Introduction 119
The Imbrications of Race, Religion and Politics in Malaysia 122
Social Space, Social Media and Social Imaginary 126
Conclusion 134
Acknowledgements 136
References 136
Chapter 6 Ethnic Minorities And Multi-Ethnic Heritage In Melaka... 143
Dutch Eurasians and Chitty Melaka in Multi-ethnic Malaysia 144
The Malaysian Dutch Descendants 146
The Chitty Melaka 147
Tourism Developments and Heritage Conversation in Malaysia 149
Transforming Melaka from an Ethno-centric to a Multiculturalist World Heritage Site 152
Reconstructing Dutch Descendants and Chitty Melaka Identities 155
Engaging with (in)authenticity 156
Repositioning the community 160
Conclusion 164
References 165
Chapter 7 Nostalgia And Memory: Remembering The Malayan Communist Revolution In The Online Age 169
The Malayan Communist Party 171
Social Memory, Collective Memory and Social Organizations 173
The 21st Century Old Friends Association 174
The 21OF Website and Its Objectives 176
Relevance of the 21OF 178
Danger of Challenging the Malaysian National Narrative 179
Online Communism in the Age of Social Media 179
The 21OF and Malaysian Memory 181
Issues with the National Narrative 182
Demonizing Communism in Malaya/Malaysia 183
Sharing Communist Life Stories Online 184
Public Reactions to the MCP 184
Perils of Remembering Malayan Communism 185
Reconstructing the Silenced Memory 186
Lingering Communist Threats to the Social Contract 188
Mechanisms and Controversies of Social Media Control in Malaysia 188
Conclusion 192
References 193
Chapter 8 New And Traditional Media In Malaysia: Conflicting Choices For Seeking... 197
Political, Socio-economic and Cultural Factors Shaping Malaysian Media 199
Distinguishing New from Traditional Media 201
Measuring Usefulness and Trust 203
Findings 205
The most useful types of media 206
Trusted media types 208
Discussion 209
Limitations and Future Work 213
Conclusion 214
References 214
End Matter 223
Notes on contributors 219
Index 223