Additional Information
Book Details
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Chapter 1 Basic Mechanisms in Epigenetics | 1 | ||
| Introduction | 2 | ||
| Introduction to Epigenetics | 3 | ||
| DNA Methylation | 3 | ||
| DNA Methylation Regulates Gene Transcription | 4 | ||
| Non-CpG Methylation | 5 | ||
| DNA Methylation can be Regulated Dynamically | 6 | ||
| TET Proteins and DNA Hydroxymethylation | 7 | ||
| Establishment of DNA Methylation Patterns through Development | 8 | ||
| Histone Modifications | 9 | ||
| Histone Acetylation | 10 | ||
| Histone Phosphorylation | 10 | ||
| Histone Methylation | 10 | ||
| Mode of Action of Histone Modifications | 12 | ||
| Non-coding RNA | 13 | ||
| Function of Epigenetic Processes | 14 | ||
| Genomic Imprinting | 14 | ||
| X Inactivation | 15 | ||
| Environmental Modulation of the Epigenome | 15 | ||
| Conclusion | 17 | ||
| References | 17 | ||
| Chapter 2 Nutrition, Epigenetics and the Early Life Origins of Disease: Evidence from Human Studies | 25 | ||
| Introduction | 25 | ||
| Maternal Nutrition | 26 | ||
| Evidence for the Effect of Maternal Nutrition on Epigenetic Processes in the Early Life Origins of Disease | 26 | ||
| Specific Dietary Components | 29 | ||
| Methyl Donors and Cofactors in 1-carbon Metabolism | 29 | ||
| Folate and Folic Acid | 29 | ||
| Choline | 30 | ||
| Dietary Fat | 31 | ||
| Vitamin D | 31 | ||
| Prebiotics, Short Chain Fatty Acids and Gut Microbiota | 32 | ||
| Dietary Patterns | 32 | ||
| Paternal Nutrition | 33 | ||
| Evidence for the Role of Paternal Nutrition on Epigenetics | 33 | ||
| Epigenetic Biomarkers of Disease Risk in Humans | 33 | ||
| Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions | 35 | ||
| Conclusion | 37 | ||
| References | 37 | ||
| Chapter 3 The Early Life Nutritional Environment, Epigenetics and Developmental Programming of Disease: Evidence from Animal Models | 41 | ||
| Introduction | 41 | ||
| Maternal Under-nutrition | 44 | ||
| Maternal Obesity | 47 | ||
| Paternal Effects | 49 | ||
| Epigenetics as a Tool to Inform on Interventions and Biomarker Development | 51 | ||
| Summary | 55 | ||
| References | 58 | ||
| Dietary Lipids and the Epigenome | 74 | ||
| The Effect of Treatment with Fatty Acids on Cultured Cells | 74 | ||
| Animal Models of Altered Maternal Fat Intake | 76 | ||
| Adult Animal Models | 80 | ||
| Fatty Acid Intake during Pregnancy and the Epigenome of the Offspring in Humans | 81 | ||
| The Effects of Fatty Acid Intake on the Epigenome in Adult Humans | 82 | ||
| Mechanisms | 84 | ||
| Conclusions and Perspectives | 85 | ||
| References | 86 | ||
| Chapter 5 Circadian Biology: Interaction with Metabolism and Nutrition | 93 | ||
| Introduction | 93 | ||
| Molecular Basis of Circadian Rhythms | 94 | ||
| The Circadian Timing System | 95 | ||
| Role of Peripheral Clocks in Metabolic Physiology | 96 | ||
| Meal Timing and Chrononutrition | 97 | ||
| Conclusions and Perspectives | 98 | ||
| References | 99 | ||
| Chapter 6 Nutrition, Epigenetics and Aging | 103 | ||
| Introduction: Biology of Aging | 103 | ||
| Genetics of Longevity | 104 | ||
| Inter-individual Variation in Aging | 105 | ||
| Nutrition and Aging | 106 | ||
| Obesity and Dietary Energy Restriction | 106 | ||
| Epigenetics and Aging | 108 | ||
| Inter-individual Variation in Epigenetic Marks during Aging | 108 | ||
| DNA Methylation “Clock” | 110 | ||
| Future Perspectives | 112 | ||
| Mitochondria, Nutrition and Aging | 112 | ||
| Mitochondrial Epigenetics | 113 | ||
| Nutrition and Mitochondrial Epigenetics | 114 | ||
| Toward Understanding of the Complexity of Nutrition- and Age-related Epigenetic Changes | 119 | ||
| References | 120 | ||
| Chapter 7 Nutrition and Epigenetics: Evidence for Multi- and Transgenerational Effects | 133 | ||
| Introduction | 133 | ||
| Methyl Enriched and Deficient Diets | 136 | ||
| Methyl Supplemented (MS) Diets | 137 | ||
| Methyl Deficient Diets | 139 | ||
| Hypercaloric/High Fat Diets | 141 | ||
| Malnutrition | 143 | ||
| Protein Restricted Diets | 145 | ||
| Vitamin D Deficient Diets | 146 | ||
| Conclusions and Future Directions | 147 | ||
| References | 149 | ||
| Chapter 8 Epigenetic Biomarkers and Global Health | 159 | ||
| The Global Burden of Non-communicable Diseases | 159 | ||
| What is an Epigenetic Biomarker? | 160 | ||
| Global Health Challenges and Epigenetics | 162 | ||
| Practicalities of Epigenetic Biomarkers in Global Health | 163 | ||
| The Application of Epigenetic Biomarkers | 165 | ||
| Raising Awareness at a National Level | 169 | ||
| Conclusion: Implications of Epigenetic Biomarkers for Global Health | 170 | ||
| Acknowledgement | 171 | ||
| References | 171 | ||
| Chapter 9 Nutrition, Epigenetics and Health: Evolutionary Perspectives | 177 | ||
| Introduction | 177 | ||
| Long-term Effects of Early-life Conditions | 180 | ||
| Maternal and Transgenerational Effects of Nutrition | 184 | ||
| Genetic Divergence and Local Adaptation to Nutrition | 188 | ||
| Evolutionary Insights on Current Public Health Issues: Living Longer and Dealing with Obesity | 189 | ||
| Eat Less to Live Longer: An Evolutionary Perspective on the Link between Dietary Restriction and Lifespan | 190 | ||
| Environmental Mismatch and Obesity in Modern Humans | 191 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 193 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 193 | ||
| References | 193 | ||
| Chapter 10 The Body Politic: Epigenetics and Society | 201 | ||
| Introduction | 201 | ||
| Epigenetics | 202 | ||
| Responsiveness to Surroundings | 205 | ||
| Nutrition and Metabolism | 207 | ||
| Epigenetic Individuals | 211 | ||
| Biopolitics as the Sphere of Intervention | 212 | ||
| The Future: Narratives of Intervention and Responsibility | 215 | ||
| References | 217 | ||
| Index | 221 |