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The Attention Economy

The Attention Economy

Claudio Celis Bueno

(2016)

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Abstract

The attention economy is a notion that explains the growing value of human attention in societies characterised by post-industrial modes of production. In a world in which information and knowledge become central to the valorisation process of capital, human attention becomes a scarce and hence increasingly valuable commodity.

To what degree is the attention economy a specific form of capitalist production? How does the attention economy differ from the industrial mode of production in which Marx developed his critique of capitalism? How can Marx’s theory be used today despite the historical differences that separate industrial from post-industrial capitalism?

The Attention Economy argues that human attention is a new form of labour that can only be understood through a systematic reinterpretation of Marx. It argues that the attention economy belongs to a general shift in capitalism in which subjectivity itself becomes the territory of production and exploitation of value as well as the territory of the reproduction of capitalist power relations.
Cognitive capitalism. Affective capitalism. The Information Economy. Are these new and unprecedented conditions? Or are they just the latest disguises of capitalism as usual? Actually, it's a bit of both. In The Attention Economy, Claudio Celis lucidly explores the contours of our 24/7 current mode of production, where information is plentiful, but attention is scarce, and where it becomes increasingly difficult to separate work from play.
Steven Shaviro, Wayne State University
In this insightful and readable book, Claudio Celis develops an immanent critique of the attention economy that draws together work from the best of Italian post-Marxism and poststructuralism in order to demonstrate just how inventive capitalism is at finding new ways of extracting value from human activity and, equally, just how flexible our critical tools must be if we are to expose the continuing contradictions of such exploitation. His piercing analyses of the relationship between labour, value and power culminate in an unparalleled account of how the attention economy traps us in both machinic enslavement and forms of social subjection. For everyone interested in Lazzarato, Berardi, Negri, Stiegler, Deleuze and Guattari this is a must read book.
Iain MacKenzie, Centre for Critical Thought, University of Kent
Claudio Celis Bueno completed a PhD in Critical and Cultural Theory at Cardiff University, Wales. Currently, he is an associate researcher at Diego Portales University, Chile.
This research is one of the rare attempts of a further integration between information studies and Marxist political economy. Claudio Celis explores the notion of 'valorising information' as a conceptual tool to unveil the political dimension condensed in each digital bit.
Matteo Pasquinelli, visiting Professor, University of Arts and Design Karlsruhe

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover 1
Half Title i
Series Information ii
Title Page iii
Copyright Page iv
Table of Contents v
Abbreviations vii
Acknowledgements ix
Introduction 1
The Concept of Attention Economy 2
The Cognitive Capitalism Hypothesis 5
Towards an Immanent Critique 8
Chapter Outline 11
Notes 14
Chapter One Labour 17
The Attention Economy from the Standpoint of Labour 17
Watching as Working 21
A Reinterpretation of Marx’s Concept of Labour 26
Notes 32
Chapter Two Value 39
The Notion of VALORIZATION Information 42
The Technical and Organic Composition of Capital 44
Knowledge and Information in the Valorization Process 48
Immaterial Labour and the Informational Content of the Commodity 52
The Example of Toyotism 54
The Attention Economy from the Standpoint of the Valorization Process 57
The Deconstruction of Marx’s Labour Theory of Value 59
Labour, Exploitation and Power 65
Notes 68
Chapter Three Time 79
The Notion of Cinematic Time 81
Cinema as a Technical Temporal Object 83
From Deep to Hyper Attention 86
Industrialization of Schematism 88
The Three Passive Syntheses of Imagination 90
Stiegler’s Reinterpretation of the Temporality of Imagination 94
Cinematic Time and the Attention Economy 97
Notes 101
Chapter Four Machines 109
A Social Theory of Flows 110
Labour, Value and Technology in Anti-.Oedipus 113
The Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall 114
Surplus Value of Code and Surplus Value of Flux 116
Machinic Surplus Value 118
Desiring-Machines and the Illegitimate Use of Syntheses 121
Legitimate and Illegitimate uses of Syntheses 123
The Three Passive Syntheses of the Unconscious 124
Production, Distribution and Consumption 126
Towards an Immanent Critique of the Attention Economy 130
Notes 135
Chapter Five Power 145
Attention and Power: From Discipline to Control 146
The Mass and the Individual 149
The Panopticon, the Gaze and the Individual 150
Jonathan Crary’s Genealogy of Modern Attention 153
The Attention Economy and Control Societies 155
The Logic of Security 155
The Attention Economy as an Apparatus of Security 159
The Logic of Control and the Attention Economy 161
Machinic Enslavement and Social Subjection 168
Notes 172
Bibliography 189
Index 197