Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Cardiovascular, Respiratory, ENT & Eyes is a new e-book in a collection of subject-themed e-books containing relevant key articles from Paediatrics & Child Health. The e-books provide a perfect source of revision for post-graduate exams in paediatrics and portfolio material for life-long learning.
As well as mapping to the requirements of post-graduate training in paediatrics, these e-books also enable anyone with a short-term interest in a specific area to buy individual articles at a price-point that will give affordable access to all readers (from medical students to GPs and practitioners in related areas). The quality of user experience on mobiles, tablets and laptops will be an added bonus for learning on the move.
About the journal
The parent journal (http://www.paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk/) is a rolling, continuously updated review of clinical medicine over a 4-year cycle covering all the important topics for post-graduate exams in paediatrics. The journal’s articles are refreshed, updated, augmented or replaced as appropriate each time the subject is due for revision to provide a concise overview of knowledge and practice core to the curriculum. Each article is written by invited experts and overseen by the relevant subject specialist on the Board. A trainee representative on the Board ensures relevance and accessibility for exam candidates.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Cardiovascular, Respiratory, ENT and\rEyes: Prepare for the MRCPCH | Fm-1 | ||
| Copyright Page | Fm-2 | ||
| PREFACE | Fm-4 | ||
| Table of Contents | Fm-5 | ||
| Section 1: Cardiovascular | 1 | ||
| Cardiovascular adaptation to extra uterine life | 1 | ||
| Fetal life | 1 | ||
| Abnormal fetal development | 1 | ||
| Changes that occur at birth | 2 | ||
| Management of duct-dependent circulations | 4 | ||
| Persistent ductus arteriosus | 4 | ||
| Failure to adapt normally to extra uterine life | 5 | ||
| Management of PPHN | 5 | ||
| Summary | 5 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 6 | ||
| Evaluation of suspected\rcongenital heart disease | 7 | ||
| Introduction | 7 | ||
| Aetiology | 7 | ||
| Antenatal screening and fetal echocardiography | 7 | ||
| Pulse oximetry screening (POS) | 8 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 8 | ||
| Hypoxic spell | 9 | ||
| CHD presenting as heart murmur or heart failure | 10 | ||
| Heart murmur and the risk of having a CHD | 10 | ||
| A simplified approach to evaluation and initial management of infants with suspected congenital heart disease | 11 | ||
| The future | 11 | ||
| Conclusion | 12 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 12 | ||
| Congenital heart disease in the teenage patient | 13 | ||
| Introduction | 13 | ||
| Epidemiology | 13 | ||
| Psychosocial, neurodevelopmental, and emotional issues | 13 | ||
| Quality of life | 14 | ||
| Health promotion and patient education | 15 | ||
| Sexual health and pregnancy | 15 | ||
| Transition and follow-up | 16 | ||
| Conclusion | 16 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 16 | ||
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | 18 | ||
| Prevalence and definition | 18 | ||
| Fetal diagnosis and management | 18 | ||
| Postnatal presentation and management | 18 | ||
| Heart transplantation | 19 | ||
| Surgical palliation strategies | 19 | ||
| Norwood procedure Figure 2 | 19 | ||
| Sano procedure | 19 | ||
| Hybrid procedure | 20 | ||
| Inter-stage management | 20 | ||
| Glenn procedure (Figure 3) | 20 | ||
| Fontan procedure (Figure 4) | 20 | ||
| Long-term complications and survival | 21 | ||
| The family’s perspective | 22 | ||
| Summary | 22 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 22 | ||
| Cardiac problems in Down syndrome | 23 | ||
| Introduction | 23 | ||
| Congenital heart defects | 23 | ||
| Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) | 27 | ||
| Ongoing management of older children and young adults | 28 | ||
| Conclusion | 28 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 29 | ||
| Paediatric cardiac transplantation | 30 | ||
| Introduction | 30 | ||
| Indications for transplant | 30 | ||
| Assessment for transplantation | 31 | ||
| Waiting for transplant and mechanical support | 31 | ||
| Transplant surgery and care following transplant | 31 | ||
| Immunosuppression | 32 | ||
| Main post-transplant complications | 32 | ||
| Adolescence and transition to adult services | 34 | ||
| Survival following transplantation | 34 | ||
| Summary | 34 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 34 | ||
| Understanding and treating heart failure in children | 36 | ||
| Introduction | 36 | ||
| Definition | 36 | ||
| Incidence | 36 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 36 | ||
| Aetiology | 37 | ||
| Clinical manifestations | 38 | ||
| Complementary studies | 38 | ||
| Treatment | 39 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 40 | ||
| Physiology and treatment of hypertension | 42 | ||
| Introduction | 42 | ||
| Definition | 42 | ||
| Aetiology | 42 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 42 | ||
| Measurement of BP | 44 | ||
| Clinical features (see Table 3) | 44 | ||
| Diagnosis and evaluation | 45 | ||
| ABPM | 45 | ||
| Management | 45 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 47 | ||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy in children | 48 | ||
| Introduction | 48 | ||
| Aetiology and investigations | 48 | ||
| Management | 51 | ||
| Clinical approach to management | 52 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 52 | ||
| Management of asymptomatic heart murmurs | 53 | ||
| Introduction | 53 | ||
| Overview of paediatric heart murmurs | 53 | ||
| Asymptomatic murmurs in neonates and young infants | 53 | ||
| The older infant and child | 54 | ||
| Cardiology networks/national safe & sustainable review | 55 | ||
| Conclusion | 56 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 56 | ||
| Evaluation of arrhythmias associated with sudden cardiac death in paediatric patients | 58 | ||
| Investigation of sudden cardiac death | 58 | ||
| Neurocardiogenic syncope | 58 | ||
| Screening for sudden cardiac death | 58 | ||
| Long QT syndrome | 59 | ||
| The Brugada syndrome | 59 | ||
| Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) | 60 | ||
| Arrhythmic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVD) | 60 | ||
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 61 | ||
| Supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular preexcitation | 61 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 61 | ||
| Longer-term survival and health outcomes for children living with congenital heart defects | 62 | ||
| Background | 62 | ||
| Survival | 62 | ||
| Exercise capacity and daily physical activity | 62 | ||
| Growth | 64 | ||
| Neurodevelopmental outcomes | 64 | ||
| School performance, socialization and daily functioning | 64 | ||
| Social, emotional and behavioural functioning | 65 | ||
| Parental emotional stress and coping styles | 65 | ||
| Quality of life | 65 | ||
| Qualitative accounts by children with CHD | 65 | ||
| Summary | 66 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 66 | ||
| Section 2: Respiratory | 67 | ||
| The basic science of cystic fibrosis | 67 | ||
| Introduction | 67 | ||
| CFTR gene discovery | 67 | ||
| CFTR protein structure | 67 | ||
| CFTR protein expression and function | 67 | ||
| CFTR mutations | 68 | ||
| Genotypeephenotype correlation | 69 | ||
| Disease pathogenesis | 69 | ||
| Extra-pulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis | 70 | ||
| Conclusions | 72 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 72 | ||
| Optimising respiratory health in children with cystic fibrosis | 73 | ||
| Introduction | 73 | ||
| Inflammation and infection | 73 | ||
| Early care | 73 | ||
| Lung infection | 74 | ||
| Multidisciplinary management | 77 | ||
| Future directions | 78 | ||
| Summary | 78 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 78 | ||
| Management and complications of pneumonia | 80 | ||
| Management of pneumonia | 80 | ||
| Complications of pneumonia | 81 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 85 | ||
| Non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis | 87 | ||
| Introduction | 87 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 87 | ||
| Aetiology | 87 | ||
| Diagnosis | 87 | ||
| Treatment | 88 | ||
| Antimicrobial therapy | 88 | ||
| Macrolides | 89 | ||
| Airway clearance techniques and mucoactive agents | 89 | ||
| Other treatments | 89 | ||
| Surgery | 89 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 89 | ||
| The role of airway endoscopy in children | 90 | ||
| Introduction | 90 | ||
| Flexible nasendoscopy/laryngoscopy | 90 | ||
| Rigid laryngotracheobronchoscopy | 91 | ||
| Flexible bronchoscopy | 92 | ||
| Laryngomalacia | 92 | ||
| Respiratory papillomatosis | 93 | ||
| Vocal cord motion impairment | 93 | ||
| Subglottic stenosis | 94 | ||
| Foreign body aspiration | 94 | ||
| Mucus plugging | 94 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 94 | ||
| Transitioning children requiring long-term ventilation from hospital to home: a practical guide | 95 | ||
| Introduction | 95 | ||
| The ‘hospital to home’ pathway | 95 | ||
| Transfer of care from ICU to HDU/TCU | 95 | ||
| Planning home discharge & multidisciplinary team meetings | 96 | ||
| Home discharge — key milestones and common hurdles | 97 | ||
| Safe management of children in the community | 98 | ||
| Future directions | 98 | ||
| Financial disclosure | 99 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 99 | ||
| Paediatric applied respiratory physiology — the essentials | 100 | ||
| Introduction | 100 | ||
| Brief overview of normal respiratory physiology | 100 | ||
| Methods of assessing respiratory function | 102 | ||
| Case studies | 103 | ||
| Conclusion | 107 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 107 | ||
| Aetiology of asthma | 108 | ||
| Importance of the topic | 108 | ||
| Epidemiology of asthma and lessons learnt | 108 | ||
| Airway infections and asthma | 110 | ||
| Genetics of asthma | 110 | ||
| Conclusions & future directions | 111 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 111 | ||
| Management of severe asthma in children | 112 | ||
| Introduction | 112 | ||
| Severe asthma classification | 112 | ||
| Approach to the patient with severe asthma | 112 | ||
| Difficult to treat asthma | 113 | ||
| Other considerations | 114 | ||
| On-going care | 114 | ||
| Therapy resistant asthma | 115 | ||
| Novel drugs/future therapies | 116 | ||
| Conclusion | 116 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 116 | ||
| The management of acute bronchiolitis in infants | 117 | ||
| Introduction and background | 117 | ||
| Management | 118 | ||
| Pharmacological interventions | 119 | ||
| Hospital discharge criteria | 120 | ||
| Prevention | 120 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 120 | ||
| Evaluation and management of upper airway obstruction | 122 | ||
| Physiology | 122 | ||
| The glottis and subglottic airway — acute obstruction | 122 | ||
| The glottis and subglottic airway — chronic obstruction | 125 | ||
| The supraglottic airway | 125 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 127 | ||
| Sleep apnoea in children | 128 | ||
| Introduction | 128 | ||
| Clinical implications of OSA | 128 | ||
| Presentation of OSA | 128 | ||
| Investigation of OSA in children | 129 | ||
| Treatment of childhood OSA | 130 | ||
| Central apnoea in children | 134 | ||
| Investigation of central apnoeas in children | 134 | ||
| Treatment of central apnoeas in children | 134 | ||
| Conclusion | 134 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 134 | ||
| Section 3: ENT and Eyes | 136 | ||
| Preseptal and orbital cellulitis in children | 136 | ||
| Applied anatomy | 136 | ||
| Definitions | 136 | ||
| Classification | 137 | ||
| Epidemiology | 137 | ||
| Clinical features | 137 | ||
| Aetiology | 137 | ||
| Microbiology | 138 | ||
| Investigations | 138 | ||
| Treatment | 138 | ||
| Choice of antibiotics | 140 | ||
| Complications | 140 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 142 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 142 | ||
| Otitis media with effusion in children: current management | 144 | ||
| Introduction | 144 | ||
| Aetiology | 145 | ||
| Assessment | 145 | ||
| Management | 146 | ||
| Complications of surgery | 147 | ||
| Follow-up | 147 | ||
| Conclusions | 148 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 148 |