Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Inborn Errors of Metabolism is a new e-book in a collection of subject-themed e-books containing relevant key articles from Paediatrics & Child Health. The e-books provide a perfect source of revision for post-graduate exams in paediatrics and portfolio material for life-long learning.
As well as mapping to the requirements of post-graduate training in paediatrics, these e-books also enable anyone with a short-term interest in a specific area to buy individual articles at a price-point that will give affordable access to all readers (from medical students to GPs and practitioners in related areas). The quality of user experience on mobiles, tablets and laptops will be an added bonus for learning on the move.
About the journal
The parent journal (http://www.paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk/) is a rolling, continuously updated review of clinical medicine over a 4-year cycle covering all the important topics for post-graduate exams in paediatrics. The journal’s articles are refreshed, updated, augmented or replaced as appropriate each time the subject is due for revision to provide a concise overview of knowledge and practice core to the curriculum. Each article is written by invited experts and overseen by the relevant subject specialist on the Board. A trainee representative on the Board ensures relevance and accessibility for exam candidates.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Endocrinology, Diabetes and Inborn\rErrors of Metabolism: Prepare for\rthe MRCPCH | Fm-1 | ||
| Copyright Page | Fm-2 | ||
| PREFACE | Fm-4 | ||
| Table of Contents | Fm-5 | ||
| Section 1: Endocrinology | 1 | ||
| Understanding\rhypopituitarism | 1 | ||
| Definition | 1 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1 | ||
| Physiology | 1 | ||
| Aetiology | 1 | ||
| Course of the disease | 2 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 2 | ||
| Diagnosis | 3 | ||
| Water deprivation test | 5 | ||
| GnRH test (LHRH test) and HCG test | 5 | ||
| Management | 5 | ||
| Clinical care | 6 | ||
| Prognosis and explanation to patient | 6 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 6 | ||
| Congenital hypothyroidism\r— what’s new? | 8 | ||
| Definitions | 8 | ||
| Epidemiology | 8 | ||
| Aetiology — primary CHT | 8 | ||
| The role of iodine | 9 | ||
| Aetiology — central hypothyroidism | 9 | ||
| Transient hypothyroidism | 9 | ||
| Diagnosis | 9 | ||
| Newborn screening | 9 | ||
| Which babies may be eligible for repeat testing? | 10 | ||
| What is an abnormal screening result? | 10 | ||
| Further investigations | 10 | ||
| Management | 11 | ||
| Which formulation? | 11 | ||
| Optimal dosage | 11 | ||
| What threshold warrants intervention? | 12 | ||
| Monitoring | 12 | ||
| Trial off treatment | 12 | ||
| Prognosis | 12 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 12 | ||
| Metabolic syndrome\runravelling or unravelled? | 14 | ||
| Introduction | 14 | ||
| Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome | 14 | ||
| Pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome | 15 | ||
| Clinical assessment | 17 | ||
| Management | 17 | ||
| Conclusion | 18 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 18 | ||
| Delayed puberty | 20 | ||
| What constitutes late or delayed puberty | 20 | ||
| When might delayed puberty be expected? | 20 | ||
| The history | 22 | ||
| What should be done when delayed puberty is unexpected? | 22 | ||
| The next steps | 22 | ||
| Treatment options | 23 | ||
| Conclusion: Cardinal points in the management of delayed\rpuberty | 23 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 23 | ||
| Polycystic ovarian syndrome\rin adolescent girls | 25 | ||
| Introduction | 25 | ||
| Clinical features and diagnosis | 25 | ||
| Investigation | 26 | ||
| Treatment | 27 | ||
| Non-medical treatment | 28 | ||
| Medical treatment | 28 | ||
| Conclusions | 29 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 30 | ||
| Understanding rickets | 31 | ||
| History | 31 | ||
| Metabolism of Vitamin D and phosphate | 31 | ||
| Classification of rickets | 31 | ||
| Clinical manifestations | 32 | ||
| Investigations | 32 | ||
| Imaging studies | 33 | ||
| Vitamin D deficiency rickets | 34 | ||
| Calcium deficiency rickets | 35 | ||
| 25-hydroxylase deficiency | 35 | ||
| Vitamin D dependent rickets type I | 35 | ||
| Vitamin D dependent rickets type II | 35 | ||
| Hypophosphatemic rickets | 35 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 36 | ||
| Summary | 36 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 36 | ||
| Section 2: Diabetes Mellitus | 38 | ||
| Clinical services for children\rwith Diabetes Mellitus | 38 | ||
| Introduction | 38 | ||
| Presentation | 39 | ||
| Clinical management | 39 | ||
| Assessing diabetes control | 39 | ||
| Long term outcomes of childhood diabetes | 39 | ||
| Diabetes control in the UK, Europe and worldwide | 39 | ||
| Improving outcomes in the UK | 40 | ||
| Insulin therapy | 40 | ||
| Addressing resource issues | 40 | ||
| Diabetes networks | 41 | ||
| Diabetes Audit and National Registers | 41 | ||
| Training and competence | 42 | ||
| Summary | 42 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 42 | ||
| The epidemiology of childhood diabetes | 44 | ||
| Introduction | 44 | ||
| The type 1 diabetes prodrome | 44 | ||
| Determining the incidence of T1D | 45 | ||
| Geographical variation | 45 | ||
| Variation with age and sex | 45 | ||
| Seasonal effects | 45 | ||
| Changes over time | 45 | ||
| Conclusions | 47 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 48 | ||
| Diagnosis and management\rof hypoglycaemia beyond\rthe neonatal period | 49 | ||
| Introduction | 49 | ||
| Definition | 49 | ||
| Mechanisms of glucose homeostasis | 49 | ||
| Symptoms of hypoglycaemia | 50 | ||
| Causes of hypoglycaemia (Figure 1) | 50 | ||
| Recognition and management of hypoglycaemia | 53 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 54 | ||
| Insulin pump therapy | 55 | ||
| Introduction | 55 | ||
| Basic principles of insulin therapy | 55 | ||
| Who is eligible for insulin pump therapy? | 55 | ||
| Practical points for starting insulin pump therapy | 57 | ||
| High blood glucose concentrations | 58 | ||
| Sick days | 58 | ||
| Low blood glucose concentrations | 59 | ||
| Efffectiveness of therapy | 59 | ||
| Conclusions | 59 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 59 | ||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus:\rincidence, management\rand prognosis | 60 | ||
| Introduction, definition and epidemiology | 60 | ||
| Pathology and course of the disease | 60 | ||
| Diagnosis including history and investigation | 61 | ||
| Investigations | 62 | ||
| Management | 62 | ||
| Follow-up | 63 | ||
| Prevention | 63 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 63 | ||
| Improving the long-term\routlook for children with\rdiabetes mellitus | 65 | ||
| Introduction | 65 | ||
| Epidemiology of diabetes | 65 | ||
| Life expectancy | 65 | ||
| Screening for complications | 65 | ||
| Complications (see Table 1) | 66 | ||
| How to improve outlook | 68 | ||
| Potential future therapeutic approaches for diabetes | 70 | ||
| Conclusions | 70 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 70 | ||
| Section 3: Inborn Errors of M+A10etabolism | 71 | ||
| Acute presentations\rof inherited metabolic\rdisorders: investigation\rand initial management | 71 | ||
| Introduction | 71 | ||
| History | 71 | ||
| Modes of presentation | 71 | ||
| Management | 74 | ||
| Conclusions | 76 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 76 | ||
| Newborn screening for\rinborn errors of metabolism | 77 | ||
| Early history of newborn screening | 77 | ||
| Principles of newborn screening | 77 | ||
| The screening test | 79 | ||
| The UK newborn screening programme | 79 | ||
| The future of newborn screening | 81 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 81 | ||
| Phenylketonuria | 82 | ||
| Terminology | 82 | ||
| Natural history | 82 | ||
| Detection | 82 | ||
| Epidemiology | 83 | ||
| Biochemistry and genetics of PKU | 83 | ||
| Treatment | 83 | ||
| Monitoring of treatment | 83 | ||
| Nutritional issues in PKU | 84 | ||
| Dietary adherence | 84 | ||
| Duration of diet | 84 | ||
| New treatments for PKU | 84 | ||
| Outcome of PKU | 85 | ||
| Maternal PKU | 85 | ||
| Summary | 85 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 85 | ||
| Galactosaemia: diagnosis,\rmanagement and long-term\routcome | 87 | ||
| Definition | 87 | ||
| Incidence/genetics | 87 | ||
| Pathology | 87 | ||
| The clinical symptoms of acute toxicity syndrome of classical\rgalactosaemia | 88 | ||
| Differential diagnosis and confirmation of the diagnosis | 88 | ||
| Management | 88 | ||
| Chronic manifestations of galactosaemia | 89 | ||
| Treatment | 91 | ||
| Follow up | 91 | ||
| Prevention | 91 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 91 |