Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Nephrology & Hepatology
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Nephrology and Hepatology: Prepare\rfor the MRCPCH | Fm-1 | ||
| Copyright Page | Fm-2 | ||
| PREFACE | Fm-4 | ||
| Table of Contents | Fm-5 | ||
| Section 1: Nephrology | 1 | ||
| Fluid and electrolyte balance\rin children | 1 | ||
| Definitions | 1 | ||
| Routes of administration | 1 | ||
| Water and electrolyte requirements | 2 | ||
| Glucose requirements | 2 | ||
| Fluid requirements | 2 | ||
| Prescribing the intravenous fluids hourly | 3 | ||
| Monitoring of intravenous fluid therapy | 3 | ||
| Diabetic ketoacidosis | 4 | ||
| Hyponatraemic encephalopathy | 4 | ||
| Treatment of hyponatraemia | 4 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 5 | ||
| Renal tubular disorders | 6 | ||
| Introduction | 6 | ||
| Renal physiology | 6 | ||
| Renal regulation of potassium and acid base balance | 7 | ||
| Cystinosis | 9 | ||
| Gitelman’s and Bartter’s syndromes | 10 | ||
| Pseudohypoaldosteronism | 12 | ||
| Secondary psuedohypoaldosteronism | 12 | ||
| Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) | 12 | ||
| Renal tubular acidosis | 15 | ||
| How to investigate suspected tubulopathies | 15 | ||
| How to spot a polydipsic/polyuric child | 15 | ||
| Conclusions | 15 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 15 | ||
| Urinary tract infections in\rchildren | 17 | ||
| Definition | 17 | ||
| Causative organisms and host response | 17 | ||
| Incidence and epidemiology | 17 | ||
| Clinical presentation and differential diagnosis | 18 | ||
| Urine analysis | 18 | ||
| Management and treatment of UTI | 18 | ||
| Prevention of UTI | 18 | ||
| Long term outcome | 19 | ||
| Follow up | 19 | ||
| Future research | 20 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 20 | ||
| Renal calculi in children | 21 | ||
| Introduction | 21 | ||
| Lithogenic risk factors of stone disease | 21 | ||
| Medication and intoxications | 26 | ||
| Clinical presentation and diagnostic pathway in children | 26 | ||
| Treatment | 26 | ||
| Conclusion | 29 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 30 | ||
| Antenatally detected urinary\rtract abnormalities (AUTA) | 31 | ||
| Antenatal management | 31 | ||
| Immediate postnatal management | 32 | ||
| Imaging | 32 | ||
| Renal tract dilatation (Figure 1) | 33 | ||
| Unilateral parenchymal abnormalities with normal contralateral\rkidney (Figure 4) | 35 | ||
| Summary | 38 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 38 | ||
| Principles in the\rmanagement of chronic\rkidney disease | 39 | ||
| Introduction | 39 | ||
| Definition | 39 | ||
| Classification (Table 1) | 39 | ||
| Calculation of the GFR | 39 | ||
| Epidemiology | 39 | ||
| Aetiology | 39 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 39 | ||
| Presentation | 40 | ||
| Investigation (Table 2) | 40 | ||
| Management | 40 | ||
| Immunization | 43 | ||
| Transplantation work-up | 43 | ||
| Renal replacement therapy (RRT) | 43 | ||
| Follow-up | 43 | ||
| Prognosis | 44 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 44 | ||
| Haematuria and proteinuria\rin childhood | 45 | ||
| Haematuria and proteinuria in children | 45 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 51 | ||
| The glomerulonephritides | 52 | ||
| Introduction | 52 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 52 | ||
| Initial assessment | 52 | ||
| History | 52 | ||
| Examination | 53 | ||
| Laboratory investigations | 53 | ||
| Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis | 53 | ||
| Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) | 55 | ||
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 55 | ||
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 55 | ||
| Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) | 56 | ||
| Conclusions | 56 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 56 | ||
| Management of Henoch—Schönlein purpura | 57 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 57 | ||
| Diagnosis | 57 | ||
| Acute management | 58 | ||
| HSP nephritis | 58 | ||
| Follow-up | 60 | ||
| Long-term management | 60 | ||
| Summary | 61 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 61 | ||
| Haemolytic uraemic\rsyndrome | 62 | ||
| How common? UK and worldwide | 62 | ||
| Definition | 62 | ||
| Epidemiology | 62 | ||
| Pathology, pathogenesis and applied physiology | 62 | ||
| Course of the disease | 63 | ||
| Diagnosis, history and physical examination | 64 | ||
| Investigations | 64 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 64 | ||
| Management | 64 | ||
| Prognosis and explanation to patient | 65 | ||
| Follow up | 66 | ||
| Prevention | 66 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 66 | ||
| Nephrotic syndrome | 67 | ||
| Introduction | 67 | ||
| Classification | 67 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 67 | ||
| Clinical features | 67 | ||
| Investigations | 67 | ||
| Complications | 68 | ||
| Management | 68 | ||
| Definitive treatment | 69 | ||
| Relapses | 69 | ||
| Second line non-steroidal agents | 69 | ||
| Genetics | 69 | ||
| Long-term prognosis and follow up | 70 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 70 | ||
| Acute kidney injury | 71 | ||
| Introduction | 71 | ||
| Definition and classification of AKI | 71 | ||
| Causes of AKI | 71 | ||
| AKI in neonates | 73 | ||
| AKI in the context of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome | 73 | ||
| Management of AKI | 73 | ||
| Outcome and follow up | 74 | ||
| Future developments in AKI | 74 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 75 | ||
| Section 2: Hepatology | 76 | ||
| Metabolic disorders\rpresenting as liver disease | 76 | ||
| Introduction | 76 | ||
| History | 76 | ||
| Clinical examination | 76 | ||
| Investigations | 77 | ||
| Treatment | 77 | ||
| Liver failure | 78 | ||
| Cholestatic liver disease | 80 | ||
| Hepatomegaly | 80 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 81 | ||
| Acquired disorders of the\rbiliary tract in children | 83 | ||
| Overview | 83 | ||
| Gallstones | 83 | ||
| Other disorders of the gall bladder | 85 | ||
| Sclerosing cholangitis | 85 | ||
| Biliary complications after liver transplantation | 86 | ||
| Biliary dyskinesia | 86 | ||
| Inspissated bile syndrome | 86 | ||
| Spontaneous bile duct perforation (SBDP) | 87 | ||
| Other causes of biliary obstruction | 87 | ||
| Trauma | 87 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 87 | ||
| Intestinal transplantation\rin children | 88 | ||
| History | 88 | ||
| Indications | 88 | ||
| Assessment | 88 | ||
| Surgical techniques | 89 | ||
| Immunosuppression | 90 | ||
| Complications | 90 | ||
| Nutrition | 91 | ||
| Follow up | 91 | ||
| Outcomes | 92 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 92 | ||
| Liver disease in cystic\rfibrosis | 93 | ||
| Introduction | 93 | ||
| Incidence | 93 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 93 | ||
| Risk factors | 93 | ||
| Clinical features of CF liver disease | 94 | ||
| Investigations | 94 | ||
| Management of CF liver disease | 95 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 95 | ||
| Non-alcoholic fatty liver\rdisease | 96 | ||
| Introduction | 96 | ||
| Epidemiology and risk factors | 96 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 97 | ||
| Clinical features and diagnosis | 97 | ||
| Histopathological pattern and new scoring systems | 98 | ||
| Treatment | 98 | ||
| Pharmacological intervention for paediatric NAFLD | 99 | ||
| Insulin sensitizers | 99 | ||
| Hepatoprotective agents | 99 | ||
| Probiotics | 99 | ||
| Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids | 99 | ||
| Promising novel therapeutic approaches | 100 | ||
| Conclusions | 100 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 101 | ||
| End stage liver disease | 102 | ||
| Definition | 102 | ||
| Physical examination and criteria for diagnosing end stage liver\rdisease | 102 | ||
| How common is end stage liver disease | 103 | ||
| Clinical scenarios and differential diagnosis | 103 | ||
| Managing and treating ESLD | 106 | ||
| Prognosis and follow up | 109 | ||
| Prevention | 110 | ||
| Health education | 110 | ||
| Conclusion | 110 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 110 |