Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Oncology & Haematology is a new e-book in a collection of subject-themed e-books containing relevant key articles from Paediatrics & Child Health. The e-books provide a perfect source of revision for post-graduate exams in paediatrics and portfolio material for life-long learning.
As well as mapping to the requirements of post-graduate training in paediatrics, these e-books also enable anyone with a short-term interest in a specific area to buy individual articles at a price-point that will give affordable access to all readers (from medical students to GPs and practitioners in related areas). The quality of user experience on mobiles, tablets and laptops will be an added bonus for learning on the move.
About the journal
The parent journal (http://www.paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk/) is a rolling, continuously updated review of clinical medicine over a 4-year cycle covering all the important topics for post-graduate exams in paediatrics. The journal’s articles are refreshed, updated, augmented or replaced as appropriate each time the subject is due for revision to provide a concise overview of knowledge and practice core to the curriculum. Each article is written by invited experts and overseen by the relevant subject specialist on the Board. A trainee representative on the Board ensures relevance and accessibility for exam candidates.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Oncology and Haematology: Prepare\rfor the MRCPCH | Fm-1 | ||
| Copyright Page | Fm-2 | ||
| PREFACE | Fm-4 | ||
| Table of Contents | Fm-5 | ||
| Section 1: Oncology | 1 | ||
| Wilms tumour — the surgical\rissues | 1 | ||
| Introduction | 1 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1 | ||
| Pre-op investigations | 1 | ||
| Staging of Wilms tumour | 2 | ||
| Surgical exploration | 3 | ||
| Tumour involving the renal vein, IVC | 4 | ||
| Bilateral — stage V — Wilms tumour | 4 | ||
| Contraindications for partial nephrectomy | 4 | ||
| Lung metastases | 4 | ||
| Jehovah’s witnesses | 5 | ||
| Early complications from Wilms nephrectomy | 5 | ||
| Surgical treatment of relapse | 5 | ||
| Long term outcomes from surgery | 5 | ||
| Conclusion | 6 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 6 | ||
| Bone tumours in childhood\rand adolescence | 7 | ||
| Epidemiology and genetics | 7 | ||
| Natural history and pattern of spread | 7 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 7 | ||
| Investigation and diagnosis | 8 | ||
| Prognostic factors | 9 | ||
| Treatment of bone tumours | 10 | ||
| Following the survivors | 11 | ||
| Rehabilitation | 11 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 11 | ||
| Germ cell tumours in children\rand adolescents | 12 | ||
| Introduction | 12 | ||
| Epidemiology | 12 | ||
| Pathology | 12 | ||
| Tumour markers | 14 | ||
| Biology | 14 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 14 | ||
| Principles of management for GCTs | 15 | ||
| Case-based clinical presentations and management of GCTs | 15 | ||
| Follow-up in GCTs | 18 | ||
| Extracranial GCTs | 18 | ||
| Intracranial GCTs | 18 | ||
| Late effects and quality of life | 18 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 18 | ||
| Current perspectives on\rchildhood brain tumours: a\rreview | 19 | ||
| Introduction | 19 | ||
| HeadSmart be brain tumour aware | 20 | ||
| Difficulties in diagnosing congenital/infantile brain tumours | 21 | ||
| Epilepsy in paediatric brain tumours | 21 | ||
| Recent advances in paediatric brain tumours | 22 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 24 | ||
| Principles of chemotherapy | 25 | ||
| Introduction | 25 | ||
| Molecular basis of chemotherapy | 25 | ||
| Resistance to chemotherapy | 25 | ||
| Principles of combination chemotherapy | 26 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 29 | ||
| Symptom management\rduring chemotherapy | 30 | ||
| Introduction | 30 | ||
| Assessment of symptoms | 30 | ||
| Pain | 31 | ||
| Mucositis | 32 | ||
| Nausea and vomiting | 32 | ||
| Weight loss and poor nutrition | 33 | ||
| Fatigue | 33 | ||
| Sleep disturbance | 34 | ||
| Mood disturbance | 34 | ||
| Discussion | 34 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 35 | ||
| Childhood leukaemia: an\rupdate | 36 | ||
| Introduction | 36 | ||
| Epidemiology | 36 | ||
| Aetiology | 36 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 36 | ||
| Clinical features | 37 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 37 | ||
| Laboratory features | 37 | ||
| Classification | 38 | ||
| AML | 38 | ||
| ALL | 38 | ||
| Prognosis | 39 | ||
| Treatment | 39 | ||
| AML | 41 | ||
| Relapse | 41 | ||
| Early and late toxicity | 41 | ||
| Treatment in a resource poor setting | 41 | ||
| Future strategies and conclusions | 41 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 41 | ||
| Update on non-Hodgkin\rlymphoma in children | 42 | ||
| Introduction | 42 | ||
| Epidemiology — overview | 42 | ||
| Classification | 42 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 42 | ||
| Symptoms associated with localized disease | 43 | ||
| NHL staging | 43 | ||
| Investigation and diagnosis | 43 | ||
| Treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas | 45 | ||
| Case-based clinical presentations | 46 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 47 | ||
| Lymphadenopathy in\rChildren and Young\rPeople | 48 | ||
| Introduction | 48 | ||
| History | 48 | ||
| Examination | 49 | ||
| Examination of the lymph nodes | 49 | ||
| Occipital and post-auricular nodes | 49 | ||
| Cervical and inguinal nodes | 49 | ||
| Supraclavicular nodes | 49 | ||
| Axillary nodes | 49 | ||
| Inguinal nodes | 49 | ||
| Investigation | 49 | ||
| Practical differential diagnosis | 50 | ||
| Main causes of lymphadenopathy | 50 | ||
| Summary | 52 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 52 | ||
| Neuroblastoma | 53 | ||
| Epidemiology, genetic predisposition and risk factors | 53 | ||
| The clinical problem | 53 | ||
| Clinical features | 53 | ||
| Diagnostic markers | 53 | ||
| Imaging | 53 | ||
| Tissue diagnosis | 54 | ||
| Pathology and genetic features | 54 | ||
| Staging | 54 | ||
| Role of screening | 54 | ||
| Spontaneous regression and stage 4S disease | 54 | ||
| Management | 54 | ||
| Surgery | 55 | ||
| Chemotherapy | 55 | ||
| Radiotherapy | 55 | ||
| Monitoring response to treatment | 55 | ||
| Management of minimal residual disease (MRD) and relapse | 55 | ||
| ‘Late effects’ and long-term outcomes | 56 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 56 | ||
| Advances in the\runderstanding and\rmanagement of\rhistiocytic disorders 2015 | 58 | ||
| Introduction | 58 | ||
| Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 58 | ||
| Non-Langerhans Cell Histiocytoses (Non-LCH) | 63 | ||
| Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) | 64 | ||
| Histiocyte Lineage-related Malignancies | 64 | ||
| Conclusion | 64 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 65 | ||
| Section 2: Haematology | 66 | ||
| Leukaemias: a review | 66 | ||
| Definition | 66 | ||
| Incidence/100 000 under 16, UK and worldwide | 66 | ||
| Management | 67 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 71 | ||
| Haematological assessment\rin non-accidental injury | 72 | ||
| Introduction | 72 | ||
| Normal haemostasis | 72 | ||
| History and examination | 72 | ||
| Examination | 73 | ||
| Laboratory investigations | 73 | ||
| Haematological disorders that can present with abnormal\rbleeding and/or bruising | 75 | ||
| Conclusion | 76 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 76 | ||
| Newborn screening for\rhaematological disorders | 77 | ||
| Introduction | 77 | ||
| Clinical importance of haemoglobinopathies | 77 | ||
| Other haematological conditions in the newborn period | 78 | ||
| Implementation of newborn screening for sickle cell disease | 78 | ||
| Results from the newborn sickle cell screening programme | 79 | ||
| Genetic issues raised by the programme | 79 | ||
| Clinical standards and care of haemoglobinopathies | 81 | ||
| Recent developments of clinical care | 83 | ||
| Conclusion | 83 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 84 | ||
| Sickle cell disease, update\ron management | 85 | ||
| Definition | 85 | ||
| Epidemiology and distribution | 85 | ||
| Physiology | 85 | ||
| Genotypes | 86 | ||
| Neonatal screening and routine management | 86 | ||
| Diagnosis and management of complications | 86 | ||
| Febrile children | 87 | ||
| Stroke | 87 | ||
| Transcranial Doppler scanning (TCD) in stroke prevention | 87 | ||
| Acute splenic sequestration (ASS) | 87 | ||
| Aplastic crisis | 88 | ||
| Chest syndrome | 88 | ||
| Priapism | 88 | ||
| Gall stones | 88 | ||
| Avascular necrosis | 88 | ||
| Further treatments | 88 | ||
| Other considerations | 89 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 89 | ||
| Diagnosis and management\rof childhood aplastic\ranaemia | 91 | ||
| Introduction | 91 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 91 | ||
| Diagnosis | 92 | ||
| Management | 94 | ||
| Treatment choices in idiopathic SAA | 94 | ||
| Non-severe aplastic anaemia | 96 | ||
| Management of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) | 96 | ||
| Conclusion | 96 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 96 | ||
| Management of haemophilia | 98 | ||
| Clinical features of haemophilia | 98 | ||
| Genetic and molecular basis of haemophilia | 98 | ||
| Treatment of haemophilia | 99 | ||
| Inhibitors | 99 | ||
| Carriers of haemophilia | 100 | ||
| Management of pregnancy and care of affected neonates | 100 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 101 | ||
| Von Willebrand Disease:\rdiagnosis and management | 102 | ||
| Introduction | 102 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 102 | ||
| Classification of VWD | 103 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 106 | ||
| Diagnosis and management\rof thalassaemia | 108 | ||
| Definition | 108 | ||
| How common is thalassemia? | 108 | ||
| Pathology, pathogenesis and applied physiology | 108 | ||
| Molecular and cellular pathology | 108 | ||
| Phenotypic diversity in beta thalassaemia | 108 | ||
| Dominantly inherited beta thalassaemia | 109 | ||
| Alpha thalassaemia | 109 | ||
| Clinical effects of alpha thalassaemia | 109 | ||
| Clinical course | 110 | ||
| Thalassaemia intermedia (TI) | 110 | ||
| Thalassaemia minor (thalassaemia trait) | 110 | ||
| Diagnosis of thalassaemia | 110 | ||
| History and physical examination | 110 | ||
| Investigation of suspected thalassaemia | 110 | ||
| Beta thalassaemia | 110 | ||
| Beta thalassaemia trait | 111 | ||
| Three gene deletion α thalassaemia | 111 | ||
| One or two gene deletion alpha thalassaemia | 111 | ||
| Outpatient management | 111 | ||
| Ongoing management for transfusion dependent thalassaemia\r(see Table 1) | 111 | ||
| Iron chelation | 111 | ||
| Caring for thalassaemia patients in the community | 111 | ||
| Care of thalassaemia patients in hospital | 114 | ||
| Providing information and support | 114 | ||
| Prognosis and explanation to the patient | 114 | ||
| Prevention — of the primary disease | 114 | ||
| Prevention — of disease complications | 114 | ||
| Stem cell transplant (HSCT) | 114 | ||
| Summary | 114 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 114 | ||
| Management of sickle cell\rdisease: management of\racute episodes in the\rcommunity and in hospital | 116 | ||
| Introduction | 116 | ||
| Dactylitis | 116 | ||
| Acute splenic sequestration (ASS) | 116 | ||
| Acute painful crisis (APC) | 117 | ||
| Acute chest syndrome (ACS) | 118 | ||
| Acute stroke | 119 | ||
| Abdominal crises | 119 | ||
| Acute anaemic episodes | 120 | ||
| Priapism | 121 | ||
| Acute visual problems | 121 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 121 | ||
| Management of sickle cell\rdisease: out-patient and\rcommunity aspects | 123 | ||
| Epidemiology | 123 | ||
| Genetics | 123 | ||
| Diagnosis and laboratory monitoring | 123 | ||
| Neonatal screening | 123 | ||
| Out-patient management | 123 | ||
| Prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) | 124 | ||
| Prevention of stroke | 124 | ||
| Silent cerebral ischaemia (SCI) | 125 | ||
| Other common paediatric out-patient problems | 125 | ||
| Schooling issues | 126 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions to prevent acute and long-term\rcomplications of SCD | 126 | ||
| Hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea, OHC) | 126 | ||
| Blood transfusion | 127 | ||
| Role of the GP | 128 | ||
| General care and the multi-disciplinary approach | 128 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 128 | ||
| Hereditary spherocytosis | 129 | ||
| Definition | 129 | ||
| Epidemiology | 129 | ||
| Pathology | 129 | ||
| Course of the disease | 129 | ||
| Diagnosis | 130 | ||
| History | 130 | ||
| Physical examination | 131 | ||
| Investigations | 131 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 132 | ||
| Management | 132 | ||
| Iron and folate | 132 | ||
| Vaccinations | 132 | ||
| Anaemia management | 132 | ||
| Iron monitoring and management of iron overload | 133 | ||
| Management of splenomegaly | 133 | ||
| Management of gallstones | 133 | ||
| Transition to adult services | 133 | ||
| Prognosis and explanation to patient | 133 | ||
| Follow up | 133 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 134 |