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Imaging in Rheumatic Diseases, An Issue of Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book

Imaging in Rheumatic Diseases, An Issue of Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book

Pamela F. Weiss

(2016)

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Book Details

Abstract

This issue of Rheumatic Disease Clinics includes articles such as: Imaging of inflammatory arthritis in adults: status and perspectives on the use of ultrasound, radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging; Imaging of inflammatory arthritis in children: status and perspectives on the use of ultrasound, radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging; Imaging evaluation of the entheses: ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and scoring of evaluation; Imaging for diagnosis and longitudinal assessment of osteoarthritis; Imaging in axial spondyloarthritis: evaluation of inflammatory and structural changes, and many more!

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Imaging in Rheumatic Diseases\r i
Copyright\r ii
Contributors iii
CONSULTING EDITOR iii
EDITOR iii
AUTHORS iii
Contents vii
Foreword: Imaging in Rheumatic Diseases\r vii
Preface: Imaging: Enhanced Evaluation of Children and Adults with Rheumatic Disease\r vii
Imaging of Inflammatory Arthritis in Adults: Status and Perspectives on the Use of Radiographs, Ultrasound, and MRI\r vii
Imaging of Inflammatory Arthritis in Children: Status and Perspectives on the Use of Ultrasound, Radiographs, and Magnetic ... vii
Diagnosis and Longitudinal Assessment of Osteoarthritis: Review of Available Imaging Techniques\r vii
Imaging in Gout and Other Crystal-Related Arthropathies\r viii
Imaging in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Evaluation of Inflammatory and Structural Changes\r viii
Imaging Scoring Methods in Axial Spondyloarthritis\r viii
Imaging Evaluation of the Entheses: Ultrasonography, MRI, and Scoring of Evaluation\r viii
Imaging for Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, and Osteitis Syndrome\r ix
Current Perspectives on Imaging for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic Sclerosis, and Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis\r ix
The Expanding Role of Imaging in Systemic Vasculitis\r ix
Synovial Tumors and Proliferative Diseases\r ix
Imaging of Musculoskeletal Infection\r x
RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS\rOF NORTH AMERICA\r xi
FORTHCOMING ISSUES xi
February 2017 xi
May 2017 xi
August 2017 xi
RECENT ISSUES xi
August 2016 xi
May 2016 xi
February 2016 xi
Foreword:\rImaging in Rheumatic Diseases xiii
Preface:\rImaging: Enhanced Evaluation of Children and Adults with Rheumatic Disease xv
Imaging of Inflammatory Arthritis in Adults 561
Key points 561
INTRODUCTION 561
PREIMAGING PLANNING 562
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING TECHNIQUE 562
INTERPRETATION/ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL IMAGES 563
Rheumatoid Arthritis 563
SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES 567
Psoriatic Arthritis 567
Reactive Arthritis 568
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Associated Arthritis 569
Crystalline Arthropathy 571
Lupus-Associated Arthritis 572
Scleroderma 577
IMAGE-GUIDED INTERVENTION 582
SUMMARY 583
REFERENCES 583
Imaging of Inflammatory Arthritis in Children 587
Key points 587
INTRODUCTION 587
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Definition and Classification 587
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Imaging Principles 589
ULTRASONOGRAPHY 589
Ultrasound Technique 589
Ultrasound-Defined Conditions 590
Synovial thickening and synovitis 590
Joint effusion 590
Tenosynovitis 591
Enthesitis 591
Bone erosions 592
Cartilage 592
Ultrasound Scoring Systems and Impact 592
Ultrasound Limitations 593
CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY 593
Conventional Radiograph Findings and Technique 593
Conventional Radiograph Scoring Systems and Impact 595
Conventional Radiograph Limitations 595
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 596
MRI Technique 596
MRI–Defined Pathology 597
Synovial thickening and enhancement 597
Bone marrow edema 599
Bone erosions 599
Enthesitis 599
Tenosynovitis 599
Cartilage lesions 601
MRI Scoring Systems and Impact 601
MRI Limitations 602
SUMMARY 602
REFERENCES 602
Diagnosis and Longitudinal Assessment of Osteoarthritis 607
Key points 607
INTRODUCTION 607
PLAIN RADIOGRAPH 608
MRI 609
Semiquantitative MRI Scoring Systems 610
Quantitative MRI Assessment 611
Compositional MRI Assessment 613
ULTRASOUND 613
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 614
PET-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 614
SUMMARY 616
REFERENCES 616
Imaging in Gout and Other Crystal-Related Arthropathies 621
Key points 621
INTRODUCTION 621
CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY 622
Monosodium Urate (Gout) 622
Radiographic features of chronic gouty arthropathy 622
Radiographic features of acute gouty arthropathy 626
Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease 627
Radiographic features of chronic calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease arthropathy 627
Radiographic features of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease calcifications in the acute setting 630
Basic Calcium Phosphate 630
Radiographic features of stable basic calcium phosphate calcifications 630
Acute manifestations of basic calcium phosphate calcifications 631
ULTRASOUND 633
Monosodium Urate Crystals 633
Ultrasound features of chronic tophaceous gout 633
Ultrasound features of acute gout 635
Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystals 635
Ultrasound features of chronic calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease 635
Ultrasound of acute calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease 636
Basic Calcium Phosphate Calcifications 636
Ultrasound features of basic calcium phosphate calcification 636
Ultrasound features of acute basic calcium phosphate calcification 636
CONVENTIONAL COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY 636
DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY 637
MRI 637
MRI Features of Monosodium Urate Crystal Deposits 638
MRI Features of Calcified Crystal Deposits (Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease, Basic Calcium Phosphate) 638
SUMMARY 639
REFERENCES 639
Imaging in Axial Spondyloarthritis 645
Key points 645
INTRODUCTION 645
PLAIN RADIOGRAPHY 646
Diagnostic Evaluation Using Plain Radiography 646
Radiographic Methodologies for Visualization of the Sacroiliac Joints 647
Classification of Spondyloarthritis Using Radiography 647
Differential Diagnosis of Radiographic Sacroiliitis 648
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 649
ISOTOPIC IMAGING 649
ULTRASONOGRAPHY 649
MRI 649
Technical Considerations 649
MRI Features of Early Axial Spondyloarthritis 651
MRI Features in Established Axial Spondyloarthritis 651
Diagnostic Evaluation Using MRI 653
Diagnostic Utility of Specific MRI Lesions 656
Classification of Spondyloarthritis Using MRI 657
Differential Diagnosis of Spondyloarthritis Lesions on MRI 658
SUMMARY 660
REFERENCES 660
Imaging Scoring Methods in Axial Spondyloarthritis 663
Key points 663
SCORING OF THE SACROILIAC JOINTS 664
Conventional Radiographs 664
MRI 664
Assessment of inflammatory sacroiliac joint lesions by MRI 665
Assessment of structural sacroiliac joint lesions by MRI 665
SCORING OF THE SPINE 669
Conventional Radiographs 669
MRI 671
Assessment of inflammatory spinal lesions by MRI 671
Assessment of structural spinal lesions by MRI 675
SUMMARY 675
REFERENCES 676
Imaging Evaluation of the Entheses 679
Key points 679
INTRODUCTION 679
ENTHESIS, ENTHESOPATHY, AND ENTHESITIS 679
ANATOMY, FUNCTION, AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF ENTHESITIS 680
IMAGING AND ENTHESITIS 681
MRI AND ENTHESITIS 682
WHOLE BODY MRI 682
High-resolution MRI 683
Diffusion-weighted MRI 683
MRI AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE EVALUATION OF PERIPHERAL ENTHESITIS: WHICH MODALITIES? 684
Ultrasound and Enthesitis 684
Normal Ultrasound Aspect of Peripheral Enthesis 685
Ultrasound Definition of Enthesitis 685
Ultrasound Definition of Elementary Lesions of Enthesitis 686
Grey Scale and Doppler Modalities: Which Is the Best for Studying Enthesitis? 687
How to Score Enthesitis Involvement by Ultrasound? 689
SUMMARY 689
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 690
REFERENCES 690
Imaging for Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, and Osteitis (SAPHO) Syndrome 695
Key points 695
INTRODUCTION 695
PREIMAGING PLANNING 698
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING TECHNIQUE 701
INTERPRETATION OF CLINICAL IMAGES 702
PATHWAYS FOR SURGICAL INTERVENTION 705
SUMMARY 706
REFERENCES 706
Current Perspectives on Imaging for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic Sclerosis, and Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis 711
Key points 711
INTRODUCTION 711
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS 712
Plain Radiographs 712
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound 716
MRI 717
Co-occurrence of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 719
DERMATOMYOSITIS AND POLYMYOSITIS 721
Plain Radiographs 721
Computed Tomography Scanning 722
MRI 724
SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS 725
Plain Radiographs 728
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound 729
Computed Tomography Scanning 730
SUMMARY 730
REFERENCES 730
The Expanding Role of Imaging in Systemic Vasculitis 733
Key points 733
INTRODUCTION 734
LARGE-VESSEL VASCULITIS 734
Imaging for Large-vessel Vasculitis Diagnosis 734
Assessing Disease Extent 740
Role of Imaging in Evaluating Disease Activity and Response to Treatment 741
Assessment of Damage 742
Imaging to Guide Repair 743
POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA 743
MEDIUM-SIZED VESSEL VASCULITIS 744
SMALL-VESSEL VASCULITIS 744
SUMMARY 744
REFERENCES 745
Synovial Tumors and Proliferative Diseases 753
Key points 753
INTRODUCTION 753
ANATOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 754
IMAGING EVALUATION AND TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS 754
BENIGN SYNOVIAL PROLIFERATIVE DISEASES 755
GIANT CELL TUMOR OF THE TENDON SHEATH 755
PIGMENTED VILLONODULAR SYNOVITIS 756
LOCALIZED NODULAR SYNOVITIS 758
SYNOVIAL CHONDROMATOSIS 759
LIPOMA ARBORESCENS 761
SYNOVIAL HEMANGIOMA 762
FIBROMA OF THE TENDON SHEATH 763
MALIGNANT SYNOVIAL TUMORS 765
SUMMARY 766
REFERENCES 766
Imaging of Musculoskeletal Infection 769
Key points 769
INTRODUCTION 769
IMAGING MODALITIES 770
Conventional Radiographs 770
Nuclear Imaging 770
Computed Tomography 770
MRI 771
Ultrasound 771
IMAGING APPROACH TO SPECIFIC CLINICAL SITUATIONS 771
Cellulitis—Rule Out Abscess 771
Rule Out Osteomyelitis 773
Rule Out Septic Arthritis 776
Infected Joint Arthroplasty 778
SUMMARY 784
REFERENCES 784
Index 785