BOOK
Kinn's The Clinical Medical Assistant
Deborah B. Proctor | Brigitte Niedzwiecki | Julie Pepper | Marti Garrels | Helen Mills
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Clinical Medical Assisting begins with Kinn! Elsevier’s Kinn’s The Clinical Medical Assistant, 13th Edition provides you with the real-world clinical skills that are essential to working in the modern medical office. An applied learning approach to the MA curriculum is threaded throughout each chapter to help you further develop the tactile and critical thinking skills necessary to assist with medications, diagnostic procedures, and surgeries. Paired with our adaptive solutions, real-world simulations, EHR documentation and HESI remediation and assessment, you will learn the leading skills of modern clinical medical assisting in the classroom!
- Applied approach to learning helps you use what you’ve learned in the clinical setting.
- Clinical procedures integrated into the TOC provide you with a quick reference.
- Detailed learning objectives and vocabulary with definitions highlight what’s important in each chapter.
- Step-by-step procedures explain complex conditions and abstract concepts.
- Rationales for each procedure clarify the need for each step and explains why it’s being performed.
- Critical thinking applications test your understanding of the content.
- Patient education and legal and ethical issues are described in relation to the clinical Medical Assistant's job.
- Threaded case scenarios help you apply concepts to realistic clinical situations.
- Portfolio builder helps you demonstrate clinical proficiency to potential employers.
- NEW! Chapter on The Health Record reviews how you will maintain and interact with the medical record.
- NEW! Chapter on Competency-Based Education helps you confidently prepare for today’s competitive job market.
- NEW! Clinical procedure videos help you to visualize and review key procedures.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Procedures | i | ||
| Kinn's The Clinical Medical Assistant | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | vi | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| New to This Edition | vii | ||
| Evolve | vii | ||
| Study Guide and Procedure Checklist Manual | vii | ||
| Features | vii | ||
| Reviewers | xiii | ||
| Table Of Contents | xv | ||
| Unit One Introduction to Medical Assisting | 1 | ||
| 1 Competency-Based Education and the Medical Assistant Student | 1 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 1 | ||
| Vocabulary | 1 | ||
| Scenario | 1 | ||
| Adult Learners and Competency-Based Education | 2 | ||
| Portfolios | 2 | ||
| Who You are as a Learner: How Do You Learn Best? | 3 | ||
| Learning Style Inventory | 3 | ||
| Using Your Learning Profile to Be a Successful Student: Where Do I Go From Here? | 4 | ||
| Coping Mechanisms | 5 | ||
| Time Management: Putting Time on Your Side | 6 | ||
| How to Put Time on Your Side | 6 | ||
| Study Skills: Tricks for Becoming a Successful Student | 7 | ||
| Test-Taking Strategies: Taking Charge of Your Success | 9 | ||
| Becoming a Critical Thinker: Making Mental Connections | 10 | ||
| Tables and Graphs | 10 | ||
| Problem Solving and Conflict Management | 11 | ||
| Assertive, Aggressive, and Passive Communication | 12 | ||
| Assertive Communication | 12 | ||
| Passive and Aggressive Behaviors and Language | 12 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 13 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 13 | ||
| Connections | 14 | ||
| 2 The Health Record | 15 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 15 | ||
| Vocabulary | 16 | ||
| Scenario | 15 | ||
| Types of Records | 17 | ||
| The Importance of Accurate Health Records | 17 | ||
| Contents of the Health Record | 17 | ||
| Subjective Information | 17 | ||
| Personal Demographics | 17 | ||
| Past Health, Family, and Social History | 18 | ||
| Past Health History. | 19 | ||
| Patient’s Family History. | 19 | ||
| Patient’s Social History. | 19 | ||
| Patient’s Chief Complaint | 20 | ||
| Objective Information | 21 | ||
| Vital Signs and Anthropometric Measurements | 21 | ||
| Findings and Laboratory and Radiology Reports | 21 | ||
| Diagnosis | 21 | ||
| Treatment Prescribed and Progress Notes | 21 | ||
| Condition at the Time of Termination of Treatment | 21 | ||
| The Medical Assistant’s Role | 21 | ||
| Ownership of the Health Record | 22 | ||
| Technologic Terms in Health Information | 22 | ||
| American Recovery and Reinvestment Act | 23 | ||
| The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act and Meaningful Use | 23 | ||
| Advantages and Disadvantages of the EHR | 23 | ||
| Capabilities of Electronic Health Record Systems | 25 | ||
| Nonverbal Communication with the Patient When Using the Electronic Health Record | 27 | ||
| Backup Systems for the Electronic Health Record | 28 | ||
| Transfer, Destruction, and Retention of Electronic Health Records | 28 | ||
| Retention and Destruction | 29 | ||
| Releasing Health Record Information | 29 | ||
| Health Information Exchanges | 31 | ||
| Creating an Efficient Paper Health Records Management System | 31 | ||
| Organization of the Health Record | 31 | ||
| Source-Oriented Medical Records | 31 | ||
| Problem-Oriented Medical Records | 31 | ||
| Documenting in an Electronic Health Record | 31 | ||
| Documenting in a Paper Health Record | 31 | ||
| Making Corrections and Alterations to Health Records | 33 | ||
| Dictation and Transcription | 33 | ||
| Voice Recognition Software | 33 | ||
| Transfer, Destruction, and Retention of Paper Health Records | 33 | ||
| Retention and Destruction | 34 | ||
| Long-Term Storage | 34 | ||
| Filing Equipment | 35 | ||
| Drawer Files | 35 | ||
| Horizontal Shelf Files | 35 | ||
| Rotary Circular Files | 35 | ||
| Compactable Files | 35 | ||
| Automated Files | 35 | ||
| Card Files | 35 | ||
| Filing Supplies | 36 | ||
| Divider Guides | 36 | ||
| Outguides | 36 | ||
| File Folders | 36 | ||
| Labels | 36 | ||
| Indexing Rules | 37 | ||
| Filing Methods | 39 | ||
| Alphabetic Filing | 39 | ||
| Numeric Filing | 39 | ||
| Subject Filing | 40 | ||
| Color-Coding | 40 | ||
| Alphabetic Color-Coding | 40 | ||
| Numeric Color-Coding | 40 | ||
| Other Color-Coding Applications | 40 | ||
| Organization of Files | 40 | ||
| Health-Related Correspondence | 40 | ||
| General Correspondence | 40 | ||
| Practice Management Files | 41 | ||
| Miscellaneous Files | 41 | ||
| Tickler or Follow-Up Files | 41 | ||
| Transitory or Temporary File | 41 | ||
| Closing Comments | 41 | ||
| Patient Education | 41 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 41 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 42 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 42 | ||
| Connections | 44 | ||
| 3 Infection Control | 45 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 45 | ||
| Vocabulary | 46 | ||
| Scenario | 45 | ||
| Disease | 46 | ||
| The Chain of Infection | 47 | ||
| The Inflammatory Response | 49 | ||
| Types of Infections | 50 | ||
| Acute Infection | 50 | ||
| Chronic Infection | 50 | ||
| Latent Infection | 50 | ||
| Opportunistic Infections | 50 | ||
| OSHA Standards for the Healthcare Setting | 51 | ||
| Exposure Control Plan | 51 | ||
| The Bloodborne Pathogens Standard | 51 | ||
| Compliance Guidelines | 53 | ||
| Barrier Protection | 53 | ||
| Environmental Protection | 53 | ||
| Housekeeping Controls | 56 | ||
| Hepatitis B Vaccination | 58 | ||
| Postexposure Follow-Up | 58 | ||
| Aseptic Techniques: Preventing Disease Transmission | 60 | ||
| Hand Washing | 60 | ||
| Sanitization | 63 | ||
| Ultrasonic Sanitization | 63 | ||
| Disinfection | 65 | ||
| Sterilization | 65 | ||
| Role of the Medical Assistant in Asepsis | 65 | ||
| Closing Comments | 65 | ||
| Patient Education | 65 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 66 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 67 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 67 | ||
| Connections | 68 | ||
| 4 Patient Assessment | 69 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 69 | ||
| Vocabulary | 70 | ||
| Scenario | 69 | ||
| Medical History | 70 | ||
| Collecting the History Information | 70 | ||
| Components of the Medical History | 71 | ||
| Understanding and Communicating with Patients | 71 | ||
| Sensitivity to Diverse Patient Groups | 72 | ||
| Therapeutic Techniques | 76 | ||
| Active Listening Techniques | 76 | ||
| Nonverbal Communication | 77 | ||
| Environmental Factors | 78 | ||
| Open-Ended Questions or Statements | 78 | ||
| Closed Questions | 78 | ||
| Interviewing the Patient | 79 | ||
| Interview Barriers | 80 | ||
| Providing Unwarranted Assurance | 80 | ||
| Giving Advice | 80 | ||
| Using Medical Terminology | 80 | ||
| Leading Questions | 81 | ||
| Talking Too Much | 81 | ||
| Defense Mechanisms | 81 | ||
| Communication Across the Lifespan | 81 | ||
| Recognizing and Responding to Verbal and Nonverbal Communications | 83 | ||
| Assessing the Patient | 83 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 83 | ||
| Documentation | 84 | ||
| Documentation Guidelines | 84 | ||
| Medical Terminology | 86 | ||
| Documentation Methods | 90 | ||
| Problem-Oriented Medical Record | 90 | ||
| Source-Oriented Medical Record | 92 | ||
| Electronic Health Records | 92 | ||
| Closing Comments | 93 | ||
| Patient Education | 93 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 93 | ||
| Important Provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) | 94 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 94 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 95 | ||
| Connections | 96 | ||
| 5 Patient Education | 97 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 97 | ||
| Scenario | 97 | ||
| Patient Education and Models of Health and Illness | 98 | ||
| Patient Factors That Affect Learning | 100 | ||
| Perception of Disease Versus Actual State of Disease | 100 | ||
| Patient’s Need for Information | 100 | ||
| Patient’s Age and Developmental Level | 100 | ||
| Patient’s Mental and Emotional State | 100 | ||
| Influence of Multicultural and Diversity Factors on Patient Education | 100 | ||
| Patient Learning Style | 101 | ||
| Impact of Physical Disabilities | 101 | ||
| The Teaching Plan | 102 | ||
| Assess the Patient’s Learning Needs | 102 | ||
| Determine the Teaching Priorities | 102 | ||
| Decide on the Appropriate Teaching Materials | 103 | ||
| Decide on the Appropriate Teaching Methods | 105 | ||
| Implement the Teaching Plan | 106 | ||
| Closing Comments | 108 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 108 | ||
| HIPAA Applications | 108 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 108 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 109 | ||
| Connections | 110 | ||
| 6 Nutrition and Health Promotion | 111 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 111 | ||
| Vocabulary | 112 | ||
| Scenario | 111 | ||
| Nutrition and Dietetics | 113 | ||
| Nutrients | 113 | ||
| Nutrient Components | 114 | ||
| Carbohydrates | 114 | ||
| Recommendations for Carbohydrate Consumption | 115 | ||
| Fats | 116 | ||
| Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids. | 116 | ||
| Foods High in Saturated Fat. | 116 | ||
| Cholesterol. | 117 | ||
| Recommendations for Fat Consumption | 117 | ||
| Antioxidants. | 117 | ||
| Proteins | 118 | ||
| Recommendations for Protein Consumption | 118 | ||
| Vitamins (Micronutrients) | 119 | ||
| Minerals (Electrolytes) | 122 | ||
| Water | 122 | ||
| Choose My Plate | 125 | ||
| Nutritional Status Assessment | 126 | ||
| Body Fat Measurement | 126 | ||
| Body Mass Index | 127 | ||
| Therapeutic Nutrition | 128 | ||
| Modifying a Diet | 128 | ||
| Liquid Diet | 129 | ||
| Soft or Light Diet | 129 | ||
| Mechanical Soft Diet | 129 | ||
| Bland Diet | 129 | ||
| Elimination Diet | 129 | ||
| Gluten-Free Diets | 129 | ||
| High- or Low-Fiber Diet | 129 | ||
| Diabetic Diet | 130 | ||
| Heart-Healthy Diet | 131 | ||
| Reading Food Labels | 133 | ||
| How to Use Label Information | 134 | ||
| Organic Foods Production Act | 135 | ||
| Food-Borne Diseases | 135 | ||
| Environmental Contamination of Food | 135 | ||
| Eating Disorders | 135 | ||
| Obesity | 136 | ||
| Medications for Obesity | 136 | ||
| Bariatric Surgery for Obesity | 136 | ||
| Health Promotion | 137 | ||
| Exercise | 137 | ||
| Stress Management | 137 | ||
| Preventive Services and Health Screening | 138 | ||
| Preventive Services for Women | 138 | ||
| Preventive Services for Men | 138 | ||
| Closing Comments | 138 | ||
| Patient Education | 138 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 138 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 138 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 139 | ||
| Connections | 140 | ||
| 7 Vital Signs | 141 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 141 | ||
| Vocabulary | 141 | ||
| Scenario | 141 | ||
| Factors That May Influence Vital Signs | 142 | ||
| Temperature | 143 | ||
| Physiology | 143 | ||
| Fever | 143 | ||
| Temperature Readings | 144 | ||
| Types of Thermometers and Their Uses | 145 | ||
| Digital Thermometer | 145 | ||
| Tympanic Thermometer | 146 | ||
| Temporal Artery Scanner | 148 | ||
| Axillary Thermometer | 149 | ||
| Disposable Thermometer | 150 | ||
| Pulse | 150 | ||
| Pulse Sites | 151 | ||
| Characteristics of a Pulse | 153 | ||
| Rate | 153 | ||
| Rhythm | 153 | ||
| Volume | 154 | ||
| Determining the Pulse Rate | 154 | ||
| Radial and Apical Pulse Rates | 154 | ||
| Femoral, Popliteal, and Pedal Pulses | 154 | ||
| Respiration | 155 | ||
| Physiology | 155 | ||
| Characteristics of Respirations | 155 | ||
| Counting Respirations | 156 | ||
| Blood Pressure | 157 | ||
| Factors Affecting Blood Pressure | 157 | ||
| Evaluating the Blood Pressure | 157 | ||
| Measuring Blood Pressure | 159 | ||
| Effects of Body Position on Blood Pressure Measurement | 162 | ||
| Korotkoff Sounds | 163 | ||
| Phase I | 163 | ||
| Phase II | 163 | ||
| Phase III | 164 | ||
| Phase IV | 164 | ||
| Phase V | 164 | ||
| Palpatory Method | 164 | ||
| Anthropometric Measurements | 164 | ||
| Measuring Weight and Height | 164 | ||
| Weight | 167 | ||
| Height | 167 | ||
| Closing Comments | 167 | ||
| Patient Education | 167 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 168 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 168 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 169 | ||
| Connections | 170 | ||
| 8 Assisting with the Primary Physical Examination | 171 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 171 | ||
| Vocabulary | 171 | ||
| Scenario | 171 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 172 | ||
| Structural Development | 172 | ||
| Cells | 172 | ||
| Tissues | 172 | ||
| Organs | 173 | ||
| Body Cavities | 173 | ||
| Systems | 173 | ||
| Primary Care Provider | 173 | ||
| Physical Examination | 175 | ||
| Preparing for the Physical Examination | 175 | ||
| Role of the Medical Assistant in the Physical Examination | 175 | ||
| Preparing the Examination Room. | 175 | ||
| Assisting the Patient. | 175 | ||
| Assisting the Provider. | 175 | ||
| Supplies and Instruments Needed for the Physical Examination | 176 | ||
| Ophthalmoscope. | 176 | ||
| Tongue Depressor. | 176 | ||
| Otoscope. | 176 | ||
| Tuning Fork. | 176 | ||
| Tape Measure. | 176 | ||
| Stethoscope. | 177 | ||
| Reflex Hammer. | 177 | ||
| Gloves. | 177 | ||
| Additional Supplies. | 177 | ||
| Principles of Body Mechanics | 177 | ||
| Transferring a Patient | 178 | ||
| Assisting with the Physical Examination | 181 | ||
| Positioning and Draping the Patient for the Physical Examination | 181 | ||
| Fowler’s Position | 181 | ||
| Semi-Fowler’s Position | 181 | ||
| Supine (Horizontal Recumbent) Position | 181 | ||
| Dorsal Recumbent Position | 181 | ||
| Lithotomy Position | 181 | ||
| Sims Position | 182 | ||
| Prone Position | 182 | ||
| Knee-Chest Position | 182 | ||
| Trendelenburg Position | 182 | ||
| Methods of Examination | 188 | ||
| Inspection | 188 | ||
| Palpation | 188 | ||
| Percussion | 188 | ||
| Auscultation | 188 | ||
| Mensuration | 189 | ||
| Manipulation | 189 | ||
| Examination Sequence | 189 | ||
| General Appearance | 189 | ||
| Speech | 189 | ||
| Breath Odors | 190 | ||
| Skin | 190 | ||
| Head | 190 | ||
| Eyes | 190 | ||
| Ears | 190 | ||
| Nose and Sinuses | 190 | ||
| Mouth and Throat | 190 | ||
| Neck | 190 | ||
| Chest | 190 | ||
| Abdomen | 191 | ||
| Reflexes | 191 | ||
| Breast and Testicles | 191 | ||
| Rectum | 191 | ||
| Closing Comments | 193 | ||
| Patient Education | 193 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 193 | ||
| HIPAA Applications | 193 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 193 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 193 | ||
| Connections | 195 | ||
| Unit Two Assisting with Medications | 196 | ||
| 9 Principles of Pharmacology | 196 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 196 | ||
| Vocabulary | 196 | ||
| Scenario | 196 | ||
| Government Regulation | 197 | ||
| Controlled Substances | 198 | ||
| Regulation of Controlled Substances | 198 | ||
| Drug Abuse | 200 | ||
| Drug Names | 200 | ||
| Approaches to Studying Pharmacology | 201 | ||
| Drug Reference Materials | 201 | ||
| Package Inserts | 201 | ||
| Physicians’ Desk Reference | 201 | ||
| United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary | 202 | ||
| Learning About Drugs | 202 | ||
| Dispensing Drugs | 202 | ||
| Prescription Drugs | 203 | ||
| Drug Interactions with the Body | 207 | ||
| Drug Absorption | 207 | ||
| Oral Route | 207 | ||
| Parenteral Route | 208 | ||
| Mucous Membrane Absorption | 208 | ||
| Topical Absorption | 208 | ||
| Drug Distribution | 208 | ||
| Drug Action | 209 | ||
| Drug Metabolism | 209 | ||
| Drug Excretion | 210 | ||
| Factors Affecting Drug Action | 210 | ||
| Body Weight | 210 | ||
| Age | 210 | ||
| Gender | 210 | ||
| Time of Day | 211 | ||
| Pathologic Factors | 211 | ||
| Immune Responses | 211 | ||
| Psychological Factors | 211 | ||
| Tolerance | 211 | ||
| Accumulation | 211 | ||
| Idiosyncrasy | 211 | ||
| Drug-Drug Interactions | 211 | ||
| Classifications of Drug Actions | 212 | ||
| Examples of Drug Classifications | 212 | ||
| Adrenergics | 212 | ||
| Adrenergic Blockers | 212 | ||
| Analgesics | 212 | ||
| Anesthetics | 212 | ||
| Antacids/Proton-Pump Inhibitors | 212 | ||
| Antianxiety Agents | 212 | ||
| Antibiotics | 212 | ||
| Anticholinergics | 213 | ||
| Anticoagulants | 213 | ||
| Anticonvulsants | 213 | ||
| Antidepressants | 213 | ||
| Antiemetics | 213 | ||
| Antifungals | 213 | ||
| Antihistamines | 213 | ||
| Antihypertensive Agents | 213 | ||
| Antiinflammatory Agents | 213 | ||
| Antimigraine Agents | 213 | ||
| Antineoplastics | 214 | ||
| Antipsychotics | 214 | ||
| Antipruritics | 214 | ||
| Antipyretics | 214 | ||
| Antispasmodics | 214 | ||
| Antitussives | 214 | ||
| Antiviral Agents | 214 | ||
| Bronchodilators | 214 | ||
| Cathartics (Laxatives) | 214 | ||
| Central Nervous System Stimulants | 214 | ||
| Contraceptives | 214 | ||
| Decongestants | 214 | ||
| Diuretics | 215 | ||
| Erectile Dysfunction Agents | 215 | ||
| Expectorants | 215 | ||
| Hematopoietic Agents | 215 | ||
| Hemostatic Agents | 215 | ||
| Hormone Replacement Agents | 215 | ||
| Hypnotics (Sedatives) | 215 | ||
| Lipid-Lowering Agents | 215 | ||
| Miotics | 215 | ||
| Monoclonal Antibodies | 215 | ||
| Mydriatic Agents (Anticholinergic) | 215 | ||
| Narcotics | 216 | ||
| Oral Hypoglycemic Agents | 216 | ||
| Osteoporosis Agents | 216 | ||
| Respiratory Corticosteroid Agents | 216 | ||
| Herbal and Alternative Therapies | 220 | ||
| Herbal Products | 220 | ||
| Regulation of Herbal Products | 220 | ||
| Commonly Used Herbal Products | 220 | ||
| Alternative Therapies | 220 | ||
| Acupuncture | 220 | ||
| Chiropractic Care | 220 | ||
| Mind-Body Therapy | 220 | ||
| Homeopathic Medicine | 222 | ||
| Closing Comments | 223 | ||
| Patient Education | 223 | ||
| Therapeutic Communication with Patients from Diverse Cultures | 223 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 223 | ||
| HIPAA Applications | 223 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 224 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 224 | ||
| Connections | 225 | ||
| 10 Pharmacology Math | 226 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 226 | ||
| Vocabulary | 226 | ||
| Scenario | 226 | ||
| Drug Labels | 226 | ||
| Math Basics | 228 | ||
| Fractions | 228 | ||
| Decimals | 228 | ||
| Percent | 229 | ||
| Ratio and Proportion | 229 | ||
| Step 1. | 229 | ||
| Step 2. | 229 | ||
| Step 3 | 229 | ||
| Step 4 | 229 | ||
| Rounding Calculations | 230 | ||
| Systems of Measurement | 230 | ||
| Metric System | 231 | ||
| Household Measurements | 232 | ||
| Conversions Among Systems of Measurement | 232 | ||
| Calculating Drug Dosages for Administration | 233 | ||
| Calculating Dosages | 233 | ||
| Problem 1: Preparing an Injectable Dose | 233 | ||
| Problem 2: Determining an Oral Dose | 234 | ||
| More Sample Problems | 234 | ||
| Problem 1. | 234 | ||
| Problem 2. | 235 | ||
| Pediatric Dosages | 236 | ||
| Calculating the Dose | 236 | ||
| Dosages Based on Body Weight | 236 | ||
| Example. | 237 | ||
| Reconstituting Powdered Injectable Medications | 238 | ||
| Example. | 238 | ||
| Closing Comments | 238 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 238 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 239 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 239 | ||
| Connections | 240 | ||
| 11 Administering Medications | 241 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 241 | ||
| Vocabulary | 241 | ||
| Scenario | 241 | ||
| Safety in Drug Administration | 242 | ||
| Patient Assessment Factors | 243 | ||
| Approaches to Special Patient Populations | 244 | ||
| Assessment of the Patient’s Environment | 245 | ||
| Suggested Questions for Gathering Medication Information | 245 | ||
| Drug Forms and Administration | 245 | ||
| Solid Oral Dosage Forms | 246 | ||
| Liquid Oral Dosage Forms | 246 | ||
| Rectal Administration | 247 | ||
| Vaginal Administration | 247 | ||
| Administration of Medications by Mouth | 247 | ||
| Nasal Administration | 249 | ||
| Topical Forms | 249 | ||
| Lotions | 249 | ||
| Liniments | 249 | ||
| Ointments | 249 | ||
| Transdermal Patches | 249 | ||
| Parenteral Medication Forms | 250 | ||
| Ampule | 250 | ||
| Single-Dose Vial | 250 | ||
| Multidose Vial | 254 | ||
| Prefilled Syringe | 254 | ||
| Parenteral Medication Equipment | 254 | ||
| Needle Gauge | 255 | ||
| Needle Length | 255 | ||
| Syringes | 255 | ||
| Specialty Syringe Units | 257 | ||
| Parenteral Administration | 257 | ||
| Intradermal Injections | 258 | ||
| Subcutaneous Injections | 262 | ||
| Intramuscular Injections | 268 | ||
| Deltoid Site. | 269 | ||
| Vastus Lateralis (Thigh) Site. | 269 | ||
| Dorsogluteal (Gluteus Medius) Site. | 273 | ||
| Ventrogluteal (Gluteus Medius) Site. | 274 | ||
| Z-Track Intramuscular Injection | 274 | ||
| Closing Comments | 276 | ||
| Patient Education | 276 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 277 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 280 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 280 | ||
| Connections | 281 | ||
| Unit Three Assisting with Medical Specialties | 282 | ||
| 12 Safety and Emergency Practices | 282 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 282 | ||
| Vocabulary | 283 | ||
| Scenario | 282 | ||
| Safety in the Healthcare Facility | 283 | ||
| Patient Safety | 283 | ||
| Employee Safety | 283 | ||
| Environmental Safety | 286 | ||
| Disposal of Hazardous Waste | 289 | ||
| Emergency Preparedness | 289 | ||
| Community Resources for Emergency Preparedness | 289 | ||
| Assisting with Medical Emergencies | 291 | ||
| Emergency Supplies | 291 | ||
| Defibrillators | 293 | ||
| Precautions for Automated External Defibrillators | 293 | ||
| General Rules for Emergencies | 294 | ||
| Telephone Screening | 295 | ||
| Management of On-Site Emergencies | 296 | ||
| Life-Threatening Emergencies | 296 | ||
| Unresponsive Patient | 296 | ||
| Cardiac Emergencies | 300 | ||
| Choking | 302 | ||
| Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) | 304 | ||
| Shock | 305 | ||
| Common Office Emergencies | 306 | ||
| Fainting (Syncope) | 306 | ||
| Poisoning | 306 | ||
| Animal Bites | 308 | ||
| Insect Bites and Stings | 308 | ||
| Asthma Attacks | 308 | ||
| Seizures | 309 | ||
| Abdominal Pain | 310 | ||
| Sprains and Strains | 310 | ||
| Fractures | 310 | ||
| Burns | 311 | ||
| Tissue Injuries | 311 | ||
| Nosebleeds (Epistaxis) | 313 | ||
| Head Injuries | 313 | ||
| Foreign Bodies in the Eye | 313 | ||
| Heat and Cold Injuries | 313 | ||
| Dehydration | 313 | ||
| Diabetic Emergencies | 314 | ||
| Closing Comments | 315 | ||
| Patient Education | 315 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 315 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 316 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 316 | ||
| Connections | 318 | ||
| 13 Assisting in Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology | 319 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 319 | ||
| Vocabulary | 320 | ||
| Scenario | 319 | ||
| Examination of the Eye | 320 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye | 320 | ||
| The Eyeball | 320 | ||
| Vision | 321 | ||
| Disorders of the Eye | 321 | ||
| Refractive Errors | 321 | ||
| Hyperopia (Farsightedness). | 322 | ||
| Myopia (Nearsightedness). | 322 | ||
| Presbyopia. | 322 | ||
| Astigmatism. | 322 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms of Refractive Errors | 322 | ||
| Treatment of Refractive Errors | 322 | ||
| Strabismus | 323 | ||
| Nystagmus | 323 | ||
| Infections of the Eye | 323 | ||
| Disorders of the Eyeball | 324 | ||
| Corneal Abrasion | 324 | ||
| Cataract | 324 | ||
| Glaucoma | 324 | ||
| Macular Degeneration | 325 | ||
| Diagnostic Procedures | 326 | ||
| Distance Visual Acuity | 327 | ||
| Near Visual Acuity | 329 | ||
| Ishihara Color Vision Test | 330 | ||
| Treatment Procedures | 331 | ||
| Eye Irrigation | 331 | ||
| Instillation of Eye Medication | 333 | ||
| Aseptic Procedures in Ophthalmology | 335 | ||
| Examination of the Ear | 335 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear | 335 | ||
| Outer (External) Ear | 335 | ||
| Middle Ear | 335 | ||
| Inner Ear | 335 | ||
| Disorders of the Ear | 336 | ||
| Hearing Loss | 336 | ||
| Otitis | 337 | ||
| Impacted Cerumen | 339 | ||
| Ménière’s Disease | 339 | ||
| Diagnostic Procedures | 340 | ||
| Tuning Fork Testing | 340 | ||
| Audiometric Testing | 340 | ||
| Aseptic Procedures in Otology | 342 | ||
| Treatment Procedures | 342 | ||
| Ear Irrigation | 342 | ||
| Instilling Otic Medications | 344 | ||
| Examination of the Nose and Throat | 345 | ||
| Closing Comments | 347 | ||
| Patient Education | 347 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 347 | ||
| HIPAA Requirements | 347 | ||
| Americans with Disabilities Act Requirements | 347 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 348 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 348 | ||
| Connections | 349 | ||
| 14 Assisting in Dermatology | 350 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 350 | ||
| Vocabulary | 350 | ||
| Scenario | 350 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 351 | ||
| Epidermis | 351 | ||
| Dermis | 352 | ||
| Subcutaneous Layer | 352 | ||
| Diseases and Disorders | 352 | ||
| Skin Lesions | 352 | ||
| Infections | 352 | ||
| Bacterial Infections | 352 | ||
| Impetigo. | 352 | ||
| Acne. | 354 | ||
| Rosacea. | 354 | ||
| Furuncles and Carbuncles. | 355 | ||
| Cellulitis. | 355 | ||
| Fungal Infections (Dermatophytoses) | 355 | ||
| Viral Infections | 356 | ||
| Warts. | 356 | ||
| Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores). | 356 | ||
| Herpes Zoster (Shingles). | 356 | ||
| Parasites | 357 | ||
| Inflammatory Skin Disorders | 357 | ||
| Seborrheic Dermatitis | 357 | ||
| Contact Dermatitis | 357 | ||
| Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) | 358 | ||
| Autoimmune Skin Disorders | 359 | ||
| Psoriasis | 359 | ||
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 359 | ||
| Thermal Injuries | 359 | ||
| Superficial (First-Degree) Burn | 360 | ||
| Partial-Thickness (Second-Degree) Burn | 360 | ||
| Treatment of Minor Burns | 360 | ||
| Full-Thickness (Third-Degree) Burn | 361 | ||
| Cold Injuries | 361 | ||
| Benign and Malignant Neoplasms | 361 | ||
| Neoplasms of the Skin | 362 | ||
| Dermatologic Procedures | 364 | ||
| Assisting with a Dermatologic Examination | 364 | ||
| Skin Testing for Allergies | 364 | ||
| Percutaneous Test. | 364 | ||
| Patch Test. | 364 | ||
| Intradermal (Intracutaneous) Test. | 365 | ||
| Radioallergosorbent Test. | 365 | ||
| Treatment of Allergies | 365 | ||
| Appearance Modification Procedures | 365 | ||
| Chemical Peel (Chemexfoliation). | 365 | ||
| Dermabrasion. | 365 | ||
| Laser Resurfacing (Photothermolysis). | 365 | ||
| Botox Injections. | 365 | ||
| Closing Comments | 366 | ||
| Patient Education | 366 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 366 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 366 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 366 | ||
| Connections | 367 | ||
| 15 Assisting in Gastroenterology | 368 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 368 | ||
| Vocabulary | 368 | ||
| Scenario | 368 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 369 | ||
| Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System | 370 | ||
| Characteristics of the GI System | 371 | ||
| Cancers of the Gastrointestinal Tract | 373 | ||
| Disorders of the Esophagus and Stomach | 373 | ||
| Hiatal Hernia | 373 | ||
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 374 | ||
| Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers | 375 | ||
| Pyloric Stenosis | 376 | ||
| Intestinal Disorders | 376 | ||
| Food-Borne Illness | 376 | ||
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 377 | ||
| Acute Appendicitis | 378 | ||
| Crohn’s Disease | 378 | ||
| Ulcerative Colitis | 378 | ||
| Celiac Disease | 379 | ||
| Diverticular Disease | 379 | ||
| Hernias of the Abdomen | 380 | ||
| Hemorrhoids | 380 | ||
| Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder | 380 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 380 | ||
| Hepatitis | 381 | ||
| Viral Hepatitis | 381 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 381 | ||
| Cholelithiasis (Gallstones) | 382 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 382 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 383 | ||
| The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Gastrointestinal Examination | 383 | ||
| Assisting with the Examination | 383 | ||
| Diagnostic Procedures | 383 | ||
| Sigmoidoscopy and Colonoscopy Examinations | 385 | ||
| Laboratory Tests | 386 | ||
| Occult Blood Screening | 386 | ||
| Proctologic Examination | 388 | ||
| Closing Comments | 388 | ||
| Patient Education | 388 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 388 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 389 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 389 | ||
| Connections | 390 | ||
| 16 Assisting in Urology and Male Reproduction | 391 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 391 | ||
| Vocabulary | 391 | ||
| Scenario | 391 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System | 392 | ||
| Disorders of the Urinary System | 393 | ||
| Urinary Incontinence | 395 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infections and Inflammations | 395 | ||
| Urethritis | 395 | ||
| Cystitis | 395 | ||
| Pyelonephritis | 396 | ||
| Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections | 396 | ||
| Glomerulonephritis | 396 | ||
| Urinary Tract Disorders and Cancers | 396 | ||
| Renal Calculi | 396 | ||
| Hydronephrosis | 397 | ||
| Polycystic Kidneys | 397 | ||
| Bladder Cancer | 398 | ||
| Renal Carcinoma | 399 | ||
| Wilms Tumor | 399 | ||
| Renal Failure | 399 | ||
| Treatment | 399 | ||
| Pediatric Urologic Disorders | 400 | ||
| Nocturnal Enuresis | 400 | ||
| Urinary Reflux Disorder | 401 | ||
| Cryptorchidism | 401 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System | 401 | ||
| The Penis | 402 | ||
| Hormone Production | 402 | ||
| Disorders of the Male Reproductive Tract | 402 | ||
| Diseases of the Prostate | 402 | ||
| Prostatitis | 402 | ||
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | 403 | ||
| Prostate Cancer | 403 | ||
| Pathologic Conditions of the Genital Organs | 404 | ||
| Epididymitis | 404 | ||
| Balanitis | 404 | ||
| Hydrocele | 404 | ||
| Testicular Cancer | 404 | ||
| Erectile Dysfunction | 406 | ||
| Infertility | 407 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Infections | 407 | ||
| Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections | 407 | ||
| Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections | 408 | ||
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 408 | ||
| The Medical Assistant’s Role in Urologic and Male Reproductive Examinations | 410 | ||
| Assisting with a Urologic Examination | 410 | ||
| Assisting with a Male Reproductive Examination | 410 | ||
| Vasectomy | 410 | ||
| Closing Comments | 411 | ||
| Patient Education | 411 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 411 | ||
| HIPAA Applications | 411 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 412 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 412 | ||
| Connections | 413 | ||
| 17 Assisting in Obstetrics and Gynecology | 414 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 414 | ||
| Vocabulary | 414 | ||
| Scenario | 414 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 415 | ||
| Female Reproductive System | 415 | ||
| Breast Tissue | 416 | ||
| Menstruation | 416 | ||
| Follicular Phase (Proliferative Phase) | 416 | ||
| Luteal Phase (Secretory Phase) | 417 | ||
| Menstrual Phase | 417 | ||
| Contraception | 417 | ||
| Barrier Methods | 417 | ||
| Hormonal Contraceptives | 418 | ||
| Intrauterine Devices | 419 | ||
| Permanent Methods | 420 | ||
| Gynecologic Diseases and Disorders | 420 | ||
| Menstrual Disorders and Conditions | 420 | ||
| Endometriosis | 420 | ||
| Infections | 421 | ||
| Candidiasis | 421 | ||
| Bacterial Vaginosis | 422 | ||
| Cervicitis | 422 | ||
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | 422 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Infections | 423 | ||
| Benign Tumors | 425 | ||
| Fibroid Tumors | 425 | ||
| Ovarian Cysts | 425 | ||
| Fibrocystic Breast Disease | 425 | ||
| Malignant Tumors | 426 | ||
| Cervical Cancer | 426 | ||
| Endometrial Cancer | 430 | ||
| Ovarian Cancer | 430 | ||
| Breast Cancer | 430 | ||
| Positional Disorders of the Pelvic Region | 433 | ||
| Pregnancy | 434 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 434 | ||
| First Trimester | 434 | ||
| Second Trimester | 434 | ||
| Third Trimester | 435 | ||
| Parturition | 435 | ||
| Pregnancy Complications | 436 | ||
| Infertility and Abortions | 436 | ||
| Placental Abnormalities | 436 | ||
| Maternal Disorders | 437 | ||
| Gestational Diabetes. | 437 | ||
| Hypertension. | 437 | ||
| Menopause | 437 | ||
| The Medical Assistant’s Role in Gynecologic and Obstetric Procedures | 438 | ||
| Examination Preparation | 438 | ||
| Assisting with the Examination | 440 | ||
| Breast Examination | 440 | ||
| Abdominal Examination | 440 | ||
| Pelvic Examination | 440 | ||
| Postexamination Duties | 441 | ||
| Diagnostic Testing | 441 | ||
| Sonography | 441 | ||
| Mammography | 441 | ||
| Pregnancy Testing | 442 | ||
| Closing Comments | 442 | ||
| Patient Education | 442 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 443 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 444 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 444 | ||
| Connections | 445 | ||
| 18 Assisting in Pediatrics | 446 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 446 | ||
| Vocabulary | 446 | ||
| Scenario | 446 | ||
| Normal Growth and Development | 447 | ||
| Growth Patterns | 447 | ||
| Denver II Developmental Screening Test | 448 | ||
| Developmental Patterns | 448 | ||
| Developmental Theories | 451 | ||
| Pediatric Diseases and Disorders | 452 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Disorders | 452 | ||
| Colic | 452 | ||
| Diarrhea | 453 | ||
| Failure to Thrive | 454 | ||
| Obesity | 454 | ||
| Respiratory Disorders | 455 | ||
| Common Cold | 455 | ||
| Otitis Media | 455 | ||
| Croup | 456 | ||
| Pertussis (Whooping Cough) | 456 | ||
| Bronchiolitis | 456 | ||
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus | 457 | ||
| Asthma | 457 | ||
| Influenza | 457 | ||
| Infectious Diseases | 458 | ||
| Conjunctivitis | 458 | ||
| Tonsillitis | 458 | ||
| Fifth Disease | 458 | ||
| Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease | 458 | ||
| Varicella (Chickenpox) | 458 | ||
| Meningitis | 459 | ||
| Hepatitis B | 459 | ||
| Reye’s Syndrome | 459 | ||
| Inherited Disorders | 461 | ||
| Cystic Fibrosis | 461 | ||
| Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy | 461 | ||
| Immunizations | 462 | ||
| The Pediatric Patient | 469 | ||
| Well-Child Visits | 469 | ||
| Sick-Child Visits | 470 | ||
| The Medical Assistant’s Role in Pediatric Procedures | 470 | ||
| Measurement | 471 | ||
| Assisting with the Examination | 476 | ||
| Obtaining a Urine Sample | 478 | ||
| The Adolescent Patient | 480 | ||
| Injury Prevention | 480 | ||
| Child Abuse | 480 | ||
| Closing Comments | 481 | ||
| Patient Education | 481 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 481 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 482 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 482 | ||
| Connections | 483 | ||
| 19 Assisting in Orthopedic Medicine | 484 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 484 | ||
| Vocabulary | 484 | ||
| Scenario | 484 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System | 485 | ||
| Muscles | 485 | ||
| Bones | 485 | ||
| Joints | 488 | ||
| Types of Joints | 488 | ||
| Ligaments, Tendons, and Bursae | 489 | ||
| Musculoskeletal Diseases and Disorders | 490 | ||
| Muscular Disorders | 490 | ||
| Fibromyalgia | 490 | ||
| Myasthenia Gravis | 493 | ||
| Sprains, Strains, and Spasms | 493 | ||
| Skeletal Disorders | 494 | ||
| Fractures | 494 | ||
| Osteomalacia | 494 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 496 | ||
| Spinal Column Disorders | 497 | ||
| Abnormal Spinal Curvatures | 497 | ||
| Herniated Disk | 498 | ||
| Joint Disorders | 498 | ||
| Dislocation | 498 | ||
| Gout | 498 | ||
| Lupus | 499 | ||
| Infectious Arthritis | 500 | ||
| Lyme Disease | 500 | ||
| Osteoarthritis | 500 | ||
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | 501 | ||
| Tendonitis and Bursitis | 501 | ||
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | 502 | ||
| The Medical Assistant’s Role in Assisting with Orthopedic Procedures | 502 | ||
| Assisting With the Examination | 502 | ||
| Specialized Diagnostic Procedures in Orthopedics | 502 | ||
| Range-of-Motion Evaluation | 502 | ||
| Muscle Strength Evaluation | 503 | ||
| Radiology | 503 | ||
| Therapeutic Modalities | 504 | ||
| General Principles of Cold Application | 504 | ||
| Heat Modalities | 505 | ||
| Paraffin Bath | 506 | ||
| Heating Pads | 506 | ||
| Therapeutic Ultrasonography | 507 | ||
| Massage and Exercise | 507 | ||
| Electrical Muscle Stimulation | 507 | ||
| Ambulatory Devices | 507 | ||
| Crutches | 507 | ||
| Walkers | 509 | ||
| Canes | 510 | ||
| Wheelchairs | 510 | ||
| Management of Fractures | 511 | ||
| Closing Comments | 514 | ||
| Patient Education | 514 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 515 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 515 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 515 | ||
| Connections | 516 | ||
| 20 Assisting in Neurology and Mental Health | 517 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 517 | ||
| Vocabulary | 517 | ||
| Scenario | 517 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System | 518 | ||
| Central Nervous System | 519 | ||
| Brain | 519 | ||
| Spinal Cord | 519 | ||
| Meninges | 519 | ||
| Peripheral Nervous System | 521 | ||
| Diseases and Disorders of the Central Nervous System | 522 | ||
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 522 | ||
| Transient Ischemic Attacks | 524 | ||
| Cerebrovascular Accident | 524 | ||
| Migraine Headache | 526 | ||
| Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease | 526 | ||
| Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders | 526 | ||
| Central Nervous System Infections | 527 | ||
| Encephalitis | 527 | ||
| Meningitis | 527 | ||
| Brain and Spinal Cord Injuries | 528 | ||
| Cerebral Concussion and Contusion | 528 | ||
| Open and Closed Head Injuries | 529 | ||
| Shaken Baby Syndrome | 529 | ||
| Spinal Cord Injuries | 529 | ||
| Additional Central Nervous System Pathologies | 530 | ||
| Parkinson’s Disease | 530 | ||
| Tumors | 530 | ||
| Diseases of the Peripheral Nervous System | 531 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | 531 | ||
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | 531 | ||
| Bell’s Palsy | 531 | ||
| Peripheral Neuropathy | 531 | ||
| Mental Health | 531 | ||
| Depressive Disorders | 532 | ||
| Anxiety Disorders | 532 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 533 | ||
| The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Neurologic Examination | 533 | ||
| Diagnostic Testing | 535 | ||
| Electroencephalography | 535 | ||
| Lumbar Puncture | 537 | ||
| Closing Comments | 538 | ||
| Patient Education | 538 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 539 | ||
| HIPAA Applications | 539 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 539 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 539 | ||
| Connections | 541 | ||
| 21 Assisting in Endocrinology | 542 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 542 | ||
| Vocabulary | 542 | ||
| Scenario | 542 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Endocrine System | 543 | ||
| Basic Anatomy | 543 | ||
| Mechanisms of Hormone Action | 544 | ||
| Diseases and Disorders of the Endocrine System | 545 | ||
| Posterior Pituitary Gland Disorder | 545 | ||
| Diabetes Insipidus | 545 | ||
| Diseases of the Anterior Pituitary | 545 | ||
| Growth Hormone Abnormalities | 545 | ||
| Disorders of the Thyroid | 545 | ||
| Hypothyroidism | 545 | ||
| Hyperthyroidism | 546 | ||
| Disorders of the Adrenal Glands | 547 | ||
| Endocrine Dysfunction of the Pancreas: Diabetes Mellitus | 547 | ||
| Prediabetes | 548 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 | 549 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 | 551 | ||
| Gestational Diabetes | 552 | ||
| Complications of Diabetes Mellitus | 553 | ||
| Acute Complications. | 553 | ||
| Chronic Complications | 554 | ||
| Microvascular Disease. | 554 | ||
| Diabetic Neuropathy. | 554 | ||
| Macrovascular Disease. | 556 | ||
| Infection. | 556 | ||
| Follow-Up for Patients with Diabetes | 557 | ||
| Developing an Education Plan for Patients Newly Diagnosed With Diabetes | 557 | ||
| Closing Comments | 557 | ||
| Patient Education | 557 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 558 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 558 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 558 | ||
| Connections | 559 | ||
| 22 Assisting in Pulmonary Medicine | 560 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 560 | ||
| Vocabulary | 560 | ||
| Scenario | 560 | ||
| The Respiratory System | 561 | ||
| Upper Respiratory Tract | 561 | ||
| Lower Respiratory Tract | 561 | ||
| Ventilation | 562 | ||
| Inspiration | 563 | ||
| Expiration | 563 | ||
| Respiratory System Defenses | 564 | ||
| Major Diseases of the Respiratory System | 564 | ||
| Infectious Diseases | 564 | ||
| Upper Respiratory Tract Infections | 565 | ||
| Common Cold. | 565 | ||
| Sinusitis. | 565 | ||
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever). | 565 | ||
| Lower Respiratory Tract Infections | 566 | ||
| Pneumonia. | 566 | ||
| Tuberculosis. | 566 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 568 | ||
| Asthma | 568 | ||
| Pneumoconioses | 572 | ||
| Emphysema | 572 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 573 | ||
| Cancer of the Pulmonary System | 574 | ||
| Lung Cancer | 574 | ||
| Carcinoma of the Larynx | 575 | ||
| The Medical Assistant’s Role in Pulmonary Procedures | 575 | ||
| Assisting with the Examination | 575 | ||
| Diagnostic Procedures | 575 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 575 | ||
| Spirometry | 575 | ||
| Test Results. | 577 | ||
| Pulse Oximetry | 577 | ||
| Obtaining Sputum for Culture | 578 | ||
| Methods of Collection. | 578 | ||
| Bronchoscopy | 579 | ||
| Closing Comments | 579 | ||
| Patient Education | 579 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 580 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 580 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 580 | ||
| Connections | 581 | ||
| 23 Assisting in Cardiology | 582 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 582 | ||
| Vocabulary | 582 | ||
| Scenario | 582 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart | 583 | ||
| Layers of the Heart | 583 | ||
| Heart Chambers and Arteries | 583 | ||
| Heart Conduction | 584 | ||
| Diseases and Disorders of the Heart | 585 | ||
| Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction | 586 | ||
| Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures | 588 | ||
| Hypertensive Heart Disease | 589 | ||
| Congestive Heart Failure | 590 | ||
| Orthostatic Hypotension | 591 | ||
| Inflammatory and Valvular Disorders | 591 | ||
| Rheumatic Heart Disease | 591 | ||
| Valve Disorders | 591 | ||
| Blood Vessels | 591 | ||
| Arteries | 593 | ||
| Veins | 593 | ||
| Vascular Disorders | 593 | ||
| Shock | 593 | ||
| Vein Disorders | 593 | ||
| Varicose Veins | 593 | ||
| Deep Vein Thrombosis | 594 | ||
| Arterial Disorders | 595 | ||
| Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis | 595 | ||
| Aneurysm | 595 | ||
| Peripheral Arterial Disease | 595 | ||
| Diagnostic Procedures and Treatments | 596 | ||
| Doppler Studies | 596 | ||
| Angiography | 596 | ||
| Echocardiography | 597 | ||
| Cardiac Catheterization and Angioplasty | 597 | ||
| Cardiac Pacemakers | 598 | ||
| Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator | 598 | ||
| Closing Comments | 598 | ||
| Patient Education | 598 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 598 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 599 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 599 | ||
| Connections | 600 | ||
| 24 Assisting in Geriatrics | 601 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 601 | ||
| Vocabulary | 601 | ||
| Scenario | 601 | ||
| Changes in Anatomy and Physiology | 603 | ||
| Cardiovascular System | 603 | ||
| Endocrine System | 605 | ||
| Gastrointestinal System | 605 | ||
| Integumentary System | 606 | ||
| Musculoskeletal System | 607 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 607 | ||
| Falls | 607 | ||
| Nervous System | 608 | ||
| Alzheimer’s Disease | 608 | ||
| Pulmonary System | 611 | ||
| Sensory Organs | 611 | ||
| Vision | 611 | ||
| Cataracts, Glaucoma, and Macular Degeneration. | 612 | ||
| Hearing | 612 | ||
| Taste and Smell | 613 | ||
| Nutritional Status. | 613 | ||
| Urinary System | 613 | ||
| Reproductive System | 614 | ||
| Sleep Disorders | 614 | ||
| Living Arrangements | 615 | ||
| The Medical Assistant’s Role in Caring for the Older Patient | 615 | ||
| Closing Comments | 616 | ||
| Patient Education | 616 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 616 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 618 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 618 | ||
| Connections | 619 | ||
| Unit Four Diagnostic Procedures | 620 | ||
| 25 Principles of Electrocardiography | 620 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 620 | ||
| Vocabulary | 620 | ||
| Scenario | 620 | ||
| The Electrical Conduction System of the Heart | 621 | ||
| The Cardiac Cycle | 621 | ||
| Polarization, Depolarization, and Repolarization | 623 | ||
| PQRST Complex | 623 | ||
| The Electrocardiograph | 624 | ||
| Electrocardiograph Paper | 624 | ||
| Electrodes and Lead Wires | 625 | ||
| Lead Recordings | 625 | ||
| Standard Leads | 625 | ||
| Augmented Leads | 626 | ||
| Precordial Leads | 626 | ||
| Performing Electrocardiography | 626 | ||
| Preparation of the Room and Patient | 626 | ||
| Attaching Leads to the Patient | 627 | ||
| Special Considerations. | 628 | ||
| Recording the Electrocardiogram | 628 | ||
| Standardization, Sensitivity, and Speed | 628 | ||
| The ECG Tracing and the Health Record | 631 | ||
| Interpretive Electrocardiographs | 631 | ||
| Artifacts | 631 | ||
| Wandering Baseline | 631 | ||
| Somatic Tremor | 631 | ||
| Alternating Current Interference | 632 | ||
| Interrupted Baseline | 632 | ||
| The ECG Strip | 632 | ||
| Normal Appearance of ECG Complexes | 632 | ||
| Rate | 632 | ||
| Rhythm | 632 | ||
| Typical ECG Rhythm Abnormalities | 633 | ||
| Sinus Arrhythmias | 633 | ||
| Atrial Arrhythmias | 634 | ||
| Ventricular Arrhythmias | 635 | ||
| Biochemical Arrhythmias | 635 | ||
| Pacemaker Rhythms | 636 | ||
| Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillator | 636 | ||
| Myocardial Infarction | 637 | ||
| Related Cardiac Diagnostic Tests | 638 | ||
| Stress Test | 638 | ||
| Holter Monitor | 639 | ||
| Cardiac Event Monitor | 642 | ||
| Heart Scan | 642 | ||
| Closing Comments | 643 | ||
| Patient Education | 643 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 643 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 643 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 643 | ||
| Connections | 644 | ||
| 26 Assisting with Diagnostic Imaging | 645 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 645 | ||
| Vocabulary | 645 | ||
| Scenario | 645 | ||
| Basic Principles of Radiography | 647 | ||
| Types of X-rays | 649 | ||
| Radiographic Equipment | 649 | ||
| Control Booth | 649 | ||
| Image Receptor Systems | 649 | ||
| Identification. | 650 | ||
| Technology in Radiography | 650 | ||
| Radiographic Table | 650 | ||
| X-ray Tubes | 650 | ||
| Collimator | 651 | ||
| Power Supply | 651 | ||
| X-ray Exposure | 651 | ||
| Prime Factors | 651 | ||
| Technique Charts. | 651 | ||
| Radiographic Positioning | 652 | ||
| Anatomic Locations | 652 | ||
| Body Planes | 652 | ||
| Positions | 652 | ||
| Radiographic Projections | 653 | ||
| Markers | 654 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Radiologic Testing | 654 | ||
| Fluoroscopy and X-ray Studies That Use Contrast Media | 655 | ||
| Fluoroscopy | 655 | ||
| X-ray Studies That Use Contrast Media | 655 | ||
| Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiography | 656 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 657 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 658 | ||
| Sonography | 659 | ||
| Nuclear Medicine | 660 | ||
| Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry | 661 | ||
| Basic Radiographic Procedure | 661 | ||
| Patient Preparation and Explanation | 661 | ||
| Scheduling and Sequencing Diagnostic Imaging Procedures | 663 | ||
| Sequencing Order for Diagnostic Studies | 663 | ||
| Radiation Safety | 664 | ||
| Radiation Units | 664 | ||
| Effects of Low-Dose Radiation Exposure | 666 | ||
| Cellular Response to Exposure. | 666 | ||
| Somatic Effects. | 667 | ||
| Genetic Effects. | 667 | ||
| Radiation and Pregnancy. | 667 | ||
| Guidelines for Pediatric X-ray Examinations | 667 | ||
| Radiation Protection | 667 | ||
| Personnel Safety | 668 | ||
| Pre-exposure Safety Check. | 668 | ||
| Personnel Monitoring. | 668 | ||
| Patient Protection | 669 | ||
| Gonad Shielding. | 670 | ||
| Pregnant or Possibly Pregnant Patients. | 670 | ||
| Closing Comments | 671 | ||
| Role of the Medical Assistant | 671 | ||
| Patient Education | 671 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 671 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 672 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 673 | ||
| Connections | 674 | ||
| 27 Assisting in the Clinical Laboratory | 675 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 675 | ||
| Vocabulary | 675 | ||
| Scenario | 675 | ||
| Role of the Clinical Laboratory in Patient Care | 676 | ||
| Personnel in the Clinical Laboratory | 676 | ||
| Clinical Laboratory Testing | 676 | ||
| Divisions of the Clinical Laboratory | 677 | ||
| Urinalysis | 677 | ||
| Hematology | 678 | ||
| Chemistry | 678 | ||
| Microbiology | 678 | ||
| Government Legislation Affecting Clinical Laboratory Testing | 678 | ||
| Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments | 678 | ||
| CLIA-Waived Tests and Laboratories | 679 | ||
| Moderate- and High-Complexity Tests and Laboratories | 679 | ||
| Quality Assurance Guidelines | 681 | ||
| Quality Control Guidelines | 681 | ||
| Laboratory Safety | 684 | ||
| Safety Standards and Governing Agencies | 684 | ||
| Chemical Hazards | 685 | ||
| Biohazards and Infection Control | 686 | ||
| Standard Precautions | 686 | ||
| Bloodborne Pathogens Standard | 686 | ||
| Physical Hazards | 687 | ||
| Specimen Collection, Processing, and Storage | 687 | ||
| Laboratory Requisitions and Reports | 687 | ||
| Specimen Collection | 689 | ||
| Preventing Contamination | 690 | ||
| Handling, Processing, and Storage of Specimens | 690 | ||
| Chain of Custody | 690 | ||
| Steps in Collecting Specimens and Informing the Patient of the Results | 690 | ||
| Laboratory Mathematics and Measurement | 691 | ||
| Measuring Time | 691 | ||
| Measuring Temperature | 691 | ||
| Units of Measurement | 691 | ||
| Measuring Liquid Volume | 692 | ||
| Laboratory Equipment | 692 | ||
| Microscope | 692 | ||
| Centrifuge | 695 | ||
| Incubator | 695 | ||
| Closing Comments | 695 | ||
| Patient Education | 695 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 696 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 696 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 697 | ||
| Connections | 698 | ||
| 28 Assisting in the Analysis of Urine | 699 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 699 | ||
| Vocabulary | 699 | ||
| Scenario | 699 | ||
| History of the Analysis of Urine | 700 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary Tract | 700 | ||
| Formation and Elimination of Urine | 700 | ||
| Filtration | 700 | ||
| Reabsorption | 701 | ||
| Secretion | 701 | ||
| Elimination | 701 | ||
| Collecting a Urine Specimen | 701 | ||
| Patient Sensitivity | 701 | ||
| Containers | 702 | ||
| Methods of Specimen Collection | 702 | ||
| Handling and Transportation of a Specimen | 705 | ||
| Routine Urinalysis | 706 | ||
| Physical Examination of the Urine | 706 | ||
| Appearance | 706 | ||
| Color. | 706 | ||
| Turbidity. | 707 | ||
| Volume | 708 | ||
| Foam | 708 | ||
| Odor | 708 | ||
| Specific Gravity | 709 | ||
| Chemical Examination of Urine | 709 | ||
| pH | 710 | ||
| Glucose | 710 | ||
| Ketones | 710 | ||
| Protein | 710 | ||
| Blood | 711 | ||
| Bilirubin and Urobilinogen | 711 | ||
| Nitrite | 711 | ||
| Leukocyte Esterase | 711 | ||
| Limitations of Reagent Strip Testing | 711 | ||
| Quality Assurance and Quality Control in Urinalysis | 712 | ||
| Microscopic Preparation and Examination of Urine Sediment | 715 | ||
| Microscopic Preparation of Urine | 715 | ||
| Microscopic Examination of Urine | 716 | ||
| Casts | 716 | ||
| Cells | 717 | ||
| Crystals | 719 | ||
| Miscellaneous Findings | 721 | ||
| Interpretation of the Microscopic Examination | 722 | ||
| Additional Tests Performed on Urine | 723 | ||
| Clinitest | 723 | ||
| Urine Pregnancy Testing | 724 | ||
| Ovulation Testing | 726 | ||
| Menopause Testing | 726 | ||
| Urine Toxicology | 726 | ||
| Adulteration Testing and Chain of Custody | 728 | ||
| Alcohol Testing | 731 | ||
| Closing Comments | 731 | ||
| Patient Education | 731 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 731 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 731 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 731 | ||
| Connections | 732 | ||
| 29 Assisting in Blood Collection | 733 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 733 | ||
| Vocabulary | 734 | ||
| Scenario | 733 | ||
| Venipuncture Equipment | 734 | ||
| Personal Protective Equipment | 735 | ||
| Tourniquets | 735 | ||
| Antiseptics | 735 | ||
| Evacuated Collection Tubes | 736 | ||
| Tube Additives | 736 | ||
| Order of Collection | 738 | ||
| Types of Needles and Supplies Used in Phlebotomy | 739 | ||
| Multisample Needles | 739 | ||
| Needle Holders | 739 | ||
| Syringes | 740 | ||
| Winged Infusion Sets (Butterfly Needles) | 740 | ||
| Needle Safety | 740 | ||
| Postexposure Management of Needlesticks | 742 | ||
| Routine Venipuncture | 742 | ||
| Patient Preparation | 742 | ||
| Preparing for the Venipuncture | 743 | ||
| Performing the Venipuncture | 743 | ||
| Completing the Venipuncture | 744 | ||
| Problems Associated with Venipuncture | 752 | ||
| Specimen Re-collection | 753 | ||
| Capillary Puncture | 755 | ||
| Equipment | 755 | ||
| Skin Puncture Devices | 755 | ||
| Collection Containers | 755 | ||
| Routine Capillary Puncture | 756 | ||
| Site Selection | 756 | ||
| Patient Preparation | 756 | ||
| Collecting the Specimen | 756 | ||
| Specimen Handling | 756 | ||
| Pediatric Phlebotomy | 760 | ||
| Handling the Specimen after Collection | 761 | ||
| Chain of Custody | 761 | ||
| Closing Comments | 762 | ||
| Patient Education | 762 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 762 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 762 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 763 | ||
| Connections | 764 | ||
| 30 Assisting in the Analysis of Blood | 765 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 765 | ||
| Vocabulary | 766 | ||
| Scenario | 765 | ||
| Hematology | 766 | ||
| Erythrocytes | 766 | ||
| Leukocytes | 767 | ||
| Granular Leukocytes | 767 | ||
| Nongranular Leukocytes | 767 | ||
| T Cells: Cell-Mediated Immunity. | 767 | ||
| B Cells: Humoral Immunity (Antibody-Mediated). | 767 | ||
| Thrombocytes | 767 | ||
| Clot Formation | 767 | ||
| Plasma | 768 | ||
| Hematology in the Physician Office Laboratory (POL) | 768 | ||
| Hematocrit | 768 | ||
| Hemoglobin | 772 | ||
| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate | 774 | ||
| Coagulation Testing | 776 | ||
| Hematology in the Reference Laboratory | 778 | ||
| CBC Laboratory Reports | 779 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Count | 779 | ||
| Red Cell Indices | 781 | ||
| White Blood Cell Count | 781 | ||
| Differential Cell Count | 781 | ||
| Preparation of Blood Smears for the Differential | 781 | ||
| Staining of Blood Smears | 782 | ||
| Identification of Normal Blood Cells | 782 | ||
| Differential Examination | 783 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Morphology | 784 | ||
| Size | 784 | ||
| Shape | 784 | ||
| Content | 784 | ||
| Platelet Analysis | 784 | ||
| Immunohematology-Blood Bank | 784 | ||
| Blood Grouping | 784 | ||
| Determination of ABO Blood Group | 785 | ||
| Determination of Rh Factor | 785 | ||
| Other Blood Types | 785 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues Related to Blood Transfusions | 786 | ||
| Blood Chemistry in the Physician Office Laboratory (POL) | 786 | ||
| Blood Glucose Testing | 786 | ||
| Hemoglobin A1c Testing | 786 | ||
| Cholesterol Testing | 787 | ||
| Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Testing | 790 | ||
| Thyroid Hormone Testing | 790 | ||
| Reference Laboratory Chemistry Panels and Single Analyte Testing and Monitoring | 790 | ||
| Closing Comments | 790 | ||
| Patient Education | 790 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 790 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 794 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 794 | ||
| Connections | 796 | ||
| 31 Assisting in Microbiology and Immunology | 797 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 797 | ||
| Vocabulary | 798 | ||
| Scenario | 797 | ||
| Classification of Microorganisms | 799 | ||
| Naming of Microorganisms | 799 | ||
| Typical Pathogenic Bacteria | 799 | ||
| Bacterial Staining Characteristics | 799 | ||
| Bacterial Shapes | 799 | ||
| Bacterial Oxygen Requirements | 800 | ||
| Bacterial Physical Structures | 801 | ||
| Unusual Pathogenic Bacteria: Chlamydiae, Mycoplasmas, and Rickettsiae | 804 | ||
| Pathogenic Fungi | 804 | ||
| Pathogenic Protozoa | 805 | ||
| Pathogenic Parasites | 805 | ||
| Helminths (Worms) | 806 | ||
| Pathogenic Viruses | 807 | ||
| Specimen Collection and Transport in the POL | 809 | ||
| Collection for the Pinworm Parasite | 812 | ||
| CLIA-Waived Microbiology Tests | 812 | ||
| Rapid Strep Testing | 813 | ||
| Influenza A and B Testing | 814 | ||
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Testing | 814 | ||
| CLIA-Waived Immunology Testing | 815 | ||
| Infectious Mononucleosis Testing | 815 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori Antibody Testing | 817 | ||
| Lyme Disease Antibody Testing | 817 | ||
| HIV Antibody Testing | 818 | ||
| Microbiology Reference Laboratory | 818 | ||
| Identification of Pathogens in the Microbiology Laboratory | 818 | ||
| Staining | 818 | ||
| Gram’s Stain | 819 | ||
| Acid-Fast Stain | 819 | ||
| Inoculating Equipment | 819 | ||
| Assessing a Culture | 820 | ||
| Throat Culture | 820 | ||
| Urine Cultures | 820 | ||
| Microbiology Culture and Sensitivity Testing | 820 | ||
| Closing Comments | 821 | ||
| Patient Education | 821 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 821 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 822 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 823 | ||
| Connections | 824 | ||
| Unit Five Assisting with Surgeries | 825 | ||
| 32 Surgical Supplies and Instruments | 825 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 825 | ||
| Vocabulary | 825 | ||
| Scenario | 825 | ||
| Minor Surgery Room | 826 | ||
| Surgical Solutions and Medications | 826 | ||
| Surgical Instruments | 827 | ||
| Classifications of Surgical Instruments | 829 | ||
| Cutting and Dissecting Instruments | 829 | ||
| Bandage Scissors (Figure 32-5, A) | 829 | ||
| Operating (Surgical) Scissors | 829 | ||
| Metzenbaum (Metz) Scissors (Figure 32-5, B) | 829 | ||
| Mayo Scissors (Figure 32-5, C and D) | 829 | ||
| Iris Scissors (Figure 32-5, E and F) | 829 | ||
| Littauer Stitch or Suture Scissors (Figure 32-6) | 829 | ||
| Disposable Scalpels (Figure 32-7) | 829 | ||
| Grasping and Clamping Instruments | 830 | ||
| Hemostat Forceps (Figure 32-8, A and B) | 830 | ||
| Needle Holders (Figure 32-8, C and D) | 830 | ||
| Splinter Forceps | 830 | ||
| Adson Forceps (Figure 32-9) | 830 | ||
| Plain Thumb (Dressing) Forceps (Figure 32-10) | 830 | ||
| Towel Forceps (Towel Clamp) (Figure 32-11) | 830 | ||
| Allis Tissue Forceps (Figure 32-12, A) | 831 | ||
| Foerster Sponge Forceps (Figure 32-12, B) | 831 | ||
| Transfer Forceps (Figure 32-12, C to E) | 831 | ||
| Adson Thumb Forceps (Figure 32-13, A and B) | 831 | ||
| Bayonet Forceps (Figure 32-13, C to E) | 831 | ||
| Plain-Tip Tissue Forceps (Figure 32-13, F) | 831 | ||
| Toothed Tissue Forceps (Figure 32-13, G) | 831 | ||
| Retractors | 831 | ||
| Senn Retractor (Figure 32-14) | 831 | ||
| Probes and Dilators | 831 | ||
| Probes (Figure 32-15, A to C) | 831 | ||
| Trocars and Obturators (Figure 32-15, D to G) | 833 | ||
| Specula (Figure 32-16) | 833 | ||
| Nasal Specula (see Figure 32-16, A and B) | 834 | ||
| Specialty Instruments | 834 | ||
| Gynecologic Instruments | 834 | ||
| Foerster Sponge Forceps (Figure 32-17, A) | 834 | ||
| Placenta Forceps (Figure 32-17, B) | 834 | ||
| Bozeman Uterine Dressing Forceps (Figure 32-17, C) | 834 | ||
| Endocervical Curette (Figure 32-17, D) | 834 | ||
| Sims Uterine Curette (Figure 32-17, E) | 834 | ||
| Schroeder Uterine Vulsellum Forceps (Figure 32-17, F) | 834 | ||
| Long Allis Forceps (Figure 32-17, G) | 834 | ||
| Schroeder Uterine Tenaculum Forceps (Figure 32-17, H) | 834 | ||
| Hegar Uterine Dilators (Figure 32-18, A) | 834 | ||
| Sims Uterine Sounds (Figure 32-18, B) | 834 | ||
| Ophthalmologic and Otolaryngologic Instruments | 834 | ||
| Krause Nasal Snare (Figure 32-19, A) | 834 | ||
| Metal Tongue Depressor (Figure 32-19, B) | 834 | ||
| Hartmann “Alligator” Ear Forceps (Figure 32-19, C) | 835 | ||
| Laryngeal Mirror (Figure 32-19, D) | 835 | ||
| Ivan Laryngeal Metal Applicator (Figure 32-19, E) | 835 | ||
| “Buck” Ear Curette (Figure 32-19, F) | 835 | ||
| Sharp Ear Dissector (Figure 32-19, G) | 835 | ||
| Biopsy Instruments | 835 | ||
| Cervical Biopsy Forceps (Figure 32-20, A) | 835 | ||
| Rectal Biopsy Punch (Figure 32-20, B) | 835 | ||
| Silverman Biopsy Needle | 835 | ||
| Genitourinary Instruments | 835 | ||
| Foley Catheter with Inflated Balloon (Figure 32-21, A) | 835 | ||
| Red Robinson Catheter (Figure 32-21, B) | 836 | ||
| Coudé-Tip Catheter | 836 | ||
| 12-mL Luer-Lok Syringe (Figure 32-21, C) | 836 | ||
| Care and Handling of Instruments | 836 | ||
| Drapes, Sutures, and Needles | 837 | ||
| Sutures | 837 | ||
| Absorbable Sutures | 838 | ||
| Nonabsorbable Sutures and Other Closure Materials | 838 | ||
| Suture Sizing and Packaging | 839 | ||
| Needles | 840 | ||
| Closing Comments | 840 | ||
| Patient Education | 840 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 840 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 840 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 841 | ||
| Connections | 841 | ||
| 33 Surgical Asepsis and Assisting With Surgical Procedures | 842 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 842 | ||
| Vocabulary | 843 | ||
| Scenario | 842 | ||
| Sterilization | 843 | ||
| Autoclave | 844 | ||
| Wrapping Materials | 844 | ||
| Wrapping Instruments | 848 | ||
| Sterilization Indicators | 848 | ||
| Chemical Sterilization Indicators. | 848 | ||
| Biologic Sterilization Indicators. | 848 | ||
| Quality-Assurance Records for Office Sterilization | 849 | ||
| Loading the Autoclave | 849 | ||
| Unloading Guidelines | 849 | ||
| Shelf Life of Sterilized Packs. | 850 | ||
| Chemical Sterilization | 850 | ||
| Surgical Procedures | 850 | ||
| Electrosurgery | 850 | ||
| Laser Surgery | 851 | ||
| Microsurgery | 851 | ||
| Endoscopic Procedures | 851 | ||
| Cryosurgery | 852 | ||
| Assisting with Surgical Procedures | 852 | ||
| Preparation of the Patient | 852 | ||
| Preoperative Instructions | 852 | ||
| Informed Consent | 853 | ||
| Positioning | 853 | ||
| Skin Preparation | 853 | ||
| Preparation of the Room | 854 | ||
| Sterile Technique | 855 | ||
| Sterile Field | 862 | ||
| Assisting the Physician during Surgery | 863 | ||
| Passing Instruments | 866 | ||
| Specimen Collection | 866 | ||
| Completing the Surgical Procedure | 866 | ||
| Postoperative Responsibilities | 869 | ||
| Postoperative Instructions and Care | 870 | ||
| Warning Signs | 870 | ||
| Follow-Up | 870 | ||
| Wound Care | 871 | ||
| Wound Healing | 872 | ||
| Dressings | 874 | ||
| Bandages | 874 | ||
| Closing Comments | 877 | ||
| Patient Education | 877 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 878 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 878 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 879 | ||
| Connections | 880 | ||
| Unit Six Career Development | 881 | ||
| 34 Career Development and Life Skills | 881 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 881 | ||
| Vocabulary | 882 | ||
| Scenario | 881 | ||
| Moving on to the Next Phase of Life | 882 | ||
| Understanding Personality Traits Important to Employers | 882 | ||
| Assessing Your Strengths and Skills | 883 | ||
| Developing Career Objectives | 884 | ||
| Knowing Personal Needs | 884 | ||
| Finding a Job | 885 | ||
| Two Best Job Search Methods | 885 | ||
| Traditional Job Search Methods | 886 | ||
| School Career Placement Offices | 886 | ||
| Newspaper Ads | 886 | ||
| Employment Agencies | 886 | ||
| Improving Your Opportunities | 886 | ||
| Being Organized in Your Job Search | 887 | ||
| Developing a Résumé | 887 | ||
| Résumé Formats | 888 | ||
| Résumé Content | 889 | ||
| Header | 889 | ||
| Objective | 890 | ||
| Education | 890 | ||
| Work Experience | 890 | ||
| Summary and Skills | 892 | ||
| Special Skills | 892 | ||
| Certifications | 892 | ||
| Appearance of the Résumé | 892 | ||
| Developing a Cover Letter | 893 | ||
| Completing Online Profiles and Job Applications | 895 | ||
| Creating a Career Portfolio | 897 | ||
| Job Interview | 898 | ||
| Preparation for the Interview | 898 | ||
| During the Interview | 900 | ||
| Phone Interview | 900 | ||
| Face-to-Face Interview | 900 | ||
| Video Interview | 901 | ||
| Follow-Up After the Interview | 902 | ||
| Reasons People Do Not Get Hired | 903 | ||
| Negotiation | 903 | ||
| You Got the Job! | 903 | ||
| Common Early Mistakes | 903 | ||
| Being a Good Employee | 903 | ||
| Dealing With Supervisors | 904 | ||
| Performance Appraisals | 904 | ||
| Pursuing a Raise | 904 | ||
| Leaving a Job | 905 | ||
| Life Skills | 905 | ||
| Personal Growth | 905 | ||
| Steps for Achieving Goals | 905 | ||
| Self-Control | 905 | ||
| Self-Esteem | 905 | ||
| Problem-Solving Skills | 905 | ||
| Decision-Making Skills | 906 | ||
| Professional Development | 906 | ||
| Stress Management | 906 | ||
| Closing Comments | 907 | ||
| Legal and Ethical Issues | 907 | ||
| Summary of Scenario | 907 | ||
| Summary of Learning Objectives | 908 | ||
| Connections | 909 | ||
| Glossary | 910 | ||
| Index | 927 | ||
| A | 927 | ||
| B | 928 | ||
| C | 929 | ||
| D | 930 | ||
| E | 932 | ||
| F | 933 | ||
| G | 934 | ||
| H | 934 | ||
| I | 935 | ||
| J | 936 | ||
| K | 936 | ||
| L | 936 | ||
| M | 937 | ||
| N | 938 | ||
| O | 939 | ||
| P | 940 | ||
| Q | 942 | ||
| R | 942 | ||
| S | 943 | ||
| T | 944 | ||
| U | 945 | ||
| V | 945 | ||
| W | 946 | ||
| X | 946 | ||
| Y | 946 | ||
| Z | 946 |