BOOK
Criminal Behavior: A Psychological Approach, Global Edition
Curt R. Bartol | Anne M. Bartol
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
For undergraduate and graduate courses in criminal behavior, criminology, the psychology of crime, crime and delinquency, and forensic psychology.
A comprehensive psychological approach to criminal and antisocial behavior.
Building on a tradition of excellence, Criminal Behavior: A Psychological Approach is accurate, well-researched, contemporary, and comprehensive. It offers a detailed look at crime, what may lead to it, and how criminal behavior may be prevented — all from a psychological perspective. With a focus on serious crimes, particularly those involving violence, this text offers an all-inclusive look at a very complex field through effective and engaging material that has been classroom-tested for more than thirty years.
Now in the Eleventh Edition, you’ll find crucial updates relating to crime definitions and DSM-5 categories, as well as the most current statistics and recently proposed models and theories. Numerous topics — such as intimate partner violence, juvenile sex offending, terrorist recruitment, elderly abuse, and sexual burglary — now receive more extensive coverage than ever before.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Half-Title | 1 | ||
| Title | 3 | ||
| Copyright | 4 | ||
| Contents | 6 | ||
| Preface | 19 | ||
| Chapter 1 Introduction to Criminal Behavior | 23 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 23 | ||
| Theories of Crime | 24 | ||
| Theoretical Perspectives on Human Nature | 26 | ||
| Disciplinary Perspectives in Criminology | 28 | ||
| Sociological Criminology | 29 | ||
| Psychological Criminology | 30 | ||
| Box 1-1 Hate or Bias Crimes | 30 | ||
| Psychiatric Criminology | 32 | ||
| Defining and Measuring Crime | 34 | ||
| Uniform Crime Reporting System | 34 | ||
| Box 1-2 The Problem of Internet-Facilitated Crime | 39 | ||
| Self-Report Studies | 41 | ||
| Victimization Surveys | 43 | ||
| Juvenile Delinquency | 45 | ||
| Recap: Defining Crime and Delinquency | 46 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 48 | ||
| Key Concepts | 49 | ||
| Review Questions | 49 | ||
| Chapter 2 Origins of Criminal Behavior: Developmental Risk Factors | 50 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 50 | ||
| Cumulative Risk Model | 51 | ||
| Developmental Cascade Model | 52 | ||
| Social Environment Risk Factors | 54 | ||
| Poverty | 54 | ||
| Peer Rejection and Association with Antisocial Peers | 55 | ||
| Preschool Experiences | 58 | ||
| After-School Care | 59 | ||
| Academic Failure | 59 | ||
| Parental and Family Risk Factors | 60 | ||
| Single-Parent Households | 60 | ||
| Parental Styles and Practices | 61 | ||
| Parental Monitoring | 64 | ||
| Box 2-1 Monitoring, Middle School, and Family Relationships | 64 | ||
| Influence of Siblings | 66 | ||
| Parental Psychopathology | 66 | ||
| Psychological Risk Factors | 67 | ||
| Lack of Attachment | 67 | ||
| Lack of Empathy | 68 | ||
| Cognitive and Language Deficiencies | 70 | ||
| Intelligence and Delinquency | 71 | ||
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | 73 | ||
| Box 2-2 Adhd: Which Treatment to Use? | 74 | ||
| ADHD and Criminal Behavior | 75 | ||
| Conduct Disorder | 76 | ||
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder | 77 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 78 | ||
| Key Concepts | 80 | ||
| Review Questions | 80 | ||
| Chapetr 3 Origins of Criminal Behavior: Biological Factors | 81 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 81 | ||
| Genetics and Antisocial Behavior | 82 | ||
| Behavior Genetics | 82 | ||
| Studies of Twins | 83 | ||
| The Twins’ Early Development Study | 85 | ||
| Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development | 86 | ||
| Adoption Studies | 86 | ||
| Molecular Genetics | 88 | ||
| Psychophysiological Factors | 88 | ||
| Temperament | 89 | ||
| Environmental Risk Factors | 92 | ||
| Neurotoxins | 92 | ||
| Lead | 93 | ||
| Cadmium | 94 | ||
| Manganese | 95 | ||
| Mercury (Methlymercury) | 95 | ||
| Protective Properties of Micronutrients | 96 | ||
| Prenatal and Postnatal Malnutrition | 97 | ||
| Box 3-1 Malnutrition In Infants | 97 | ||
| Nicotine, Alcohol, and Drug Exposure | 98 | ||
| Traumatic Brain Injury | 100 | ||
| Brain Development Abnormalities | 101 | ||
| Hormones and Neurotransmitters | 102 | ||
| Neuropsychological Factors | 102 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 103 | ||
| Key Concepts | 104 | ||
| Review Questions | 104 | ||
| Chapter 4 Origins of Criminal Behavior: Learning and Situational Factors | 105 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 105 | ||
| Behaviorism | 107 | ||
| Skinner’s Theory of Behavior | 108 | ||
| Behaviorism as a Method of Science | 108 | ||
| Behaviorism as a Perspective of Human Nature | 109 | ||
| Skinnerian Concepts | 109 | ||
| Operant Learning and Crime | 110 | ||
| Social Learning | 111 | ||
| Expectancy Theory | 112 | ||
| Imitational Aspects of Social Learning | 113 | ||
| Differential Association-Reinforcement Theory | 114 | ||
| Frustration-Induced Criminality | 116 | ||
| The Socialized and Individual Offender | 116 | ||
| Frustration-Induced Riots | 117 | ||
| Frustration and Crime | 118 | ||
| Situational Instigators and Regulators of Criminal Behavior | 118 | ||
| Authority as an Instigator of Criminal Behavior | 119 | ||
| Box 4-1 National Security Interrogations—Psychology’s Role | 122 | ||
| Deindividuation | 123 | ||
| The Stanford Prison Experiment | 125 | ||
| The BBC Prison Study | 126 | ||
| Deindividuation and Crowd Violence | 127 | ||
| The Bystander Effect | 128 | ||
| Box 4-2 Do Security Cameras Affect Bystander Apathy? | 130 | ||
| Moral Disengagement | 131 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 132 | ||
| Key Concepts | 133 | ||
| Review Questions | 134 | ||
| Chapter 5 Human Aggression and Violence | 135 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 135 | ||
| Defining Aggression | 136 | ||
| Hostile and Instrumental Aggression | 137 | ||
| Box 5-1 Aggression in Recent High Profile Cases | 137 | ||
| Interpretation by Victim | 139 | ||
| Theoretical Perspectives on Aggression | 139 | ||
| Psychoanalytical/psychodynamic Viewpoint | 140 | ||
| Ethological Viewpoints | 140 | ||
| Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis | 141 | ||
| Weapons Effect | 142 | ||
| Cognitive-Neoassociation Model | 143 | ||
| Excitation Transfer Theory | 143 | ||
| Displaced Aggression Theory | 144 | ||
| Social Learning Factors in Aggression and Violence | 144 | ||
| Modeling | 145 | ||
| Observation Modeling | 146 | ||
| Cognitive Models of Aggression | 147 | ||
| Cognitive Scripts Model | 147 | ||
| Hostile Attribution Model | 147 | ||
| Box 5-2 Dealing With Anger—What Works and for Whom? | 150 | ||
| The General Aggression Model | 151 | ||
| I³ Theory | 152 | ||
| Overt and Covert Acts of Aggression | 152 | ||
| Reactive and Proactive Forms of Aggression | 153 | ||
| Gender Differences in Aggression | 154 | ||
| Effects of Media Violence | 155 | ||
| Copycat Crime or Contagion Effect | 158 | ||
| Box 5-3 Copycat Gamers | 159 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 161 | ||
| Key Concepts | 162 | ||
| Review Questions | 163 | ||
| Chapter 6 Juvenile Delinquency | 164 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 164 | ||
| Definitions of Delinquency | 165 | ||
| Legal Definition | 165 | ||
| Social Definition | 166 | ||
| Psychological Definitions | 166 | ||
| Nature and Extent of Juvenile Offending | 167 | ||
| Status Offenses | 169 | ||
| The Serious Delinquent | 170 | ||
| Gender Differences in Juvenile Offending | 170 | ||
| Developmental Theories of Delinquency | 173 | ||
| Moffitt’s Developmental Theory | 174 | ||
| Box 6-1 Emerging Adulthood as a Developmental Stage | 176 | ||
| Steinberg’s Dual Systems Model | 179 | ||
| Coercion Developmental Theory | 180 | ||
| Callous-Unemotional Trait Theory | 182 | ||
| Prevention, Intervention, and Treatment of Juvenile Offending | 183 | ||
| Treatment and Rehabilitation Strategies | 183 | ||
| Characteristics of Successful Programs | 184 | ||
| Box 6-2 Gender Responsive Programming | 185 | ||
| Classification of Prevention and Treatment Programs | 187 | ||
| Primary Prevention | 189 | ||
| Selective or Secondary Prevention | 190 | ||
| Box 6-3 The Fast Track Experiment | 191 | ||
| Treatment Approaches | 192 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 197 | ||
| Key concepts | 199 | ||
| Review Questions | 199 | ||
| Chapter 7 Psychopathy | 200 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 200 | ||
| What Is a Psychopath? | 201 | ||
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | 201 | ||
| Examples of Primary Psychopaths | 202 | ||
| Behavioral Descriptions | 203 | ||
| Behavioral Characteristics | 204 | ||
| Psychological Testing Differences | 205 | ||
| Psychopaths and Mental Disorders | 205 | ||
| Psychopaths and Suicide | 205 | ||
| Other Principal Traits | 206 | ||
| The Criminal Psychopath | 207 | ||
| Prevalence of Criminal Psychopathy | 208 | ||
| Offending Patterns of Criminal Psychopaths | 208 | ||
| Recidivism of Criminal Psychopaths | 209 | ||
| Psychological Measures Of Psychopathy | 209 | ||
| The PCL-R | 210 | ||
| Criticisms of The PCL-R | 211 | ||
| Box 7-1 Corporate Psychopaths | 211 | ||
| Core Factors of Psychopathy | 212 | ||
| The Two-Factor Position | 212 | ||
| The Three-Factor Position | 213 | ||
| The Four-Factor Model | 213 | ||
| The Boldness Factor | 213 | ||
| The Meanness Factor | 214 | ||
| The Female Psychopath | 214 | ||
| Racial/Ethnic Differences | 215 | ||
| Juvenile Psychopathy | 216 | ||
| Can Juvenile Psychopathy Be Identified? | 216 | ||
| Box 7-2 Treating Adolescents with Psychopathic Features | 217 | ||
| Ethical Considerations | 218 | ||
| Measures of Juvenile Psychopathy | 219 | ||
| Neurobiological Factors And Psychopathy | 220 | ||
| Genetic Factors | 220 | ||
| Neuropsychology and Psychopathy | 220 | ||
| Central Nervous System Differences | 221 | ||
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Research | 224 | ||
| Autonomic Nervous System Research | 225 | ||
| The Dual-Process Model of Psychopathy | 228 | ||
| Childhood of the Psychopath | 229 | ||
| Treatment of Criminal Psychopaths | 230 | ||
| Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Psychopathic Features | 231 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 232 | ||
| Key concepts | 234 | ||
| Review Questions | 234 | ||
| Chapter 8 Crime and Mental Disorders | 235 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 235 | ||
| Defining Mental Illness | 238 | ||
| The DSM | 238 | ||
| Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders | 239 | ||
| Bipolar Disorder | 240 | ||
| Major Depressive Disorder | 241 | ||
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | 241 | ||
| Box 8-1 Does Serious Mental Disorder Cause Crime? | 242 | ||
| Competency and Criminal Responsibility | 243 | ||
| Incompetency to Stand Trial | 243 | ||
| Criminal Responsibility | 246 | ||
| Insanity Standards | 249 | ||
| Guilty But Mentally lll | 252 | ||
| Unique Defenses and Conditions | 253 | ||
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 253 | ||
| Dissociation | 255 | ||
| Dissociative Identity Disorder | 256 | ||
| Dissociative Amnesia | 257 | ||
| Mental Disorder and Violence | 258 | ||
| Research on the Violence of the Mentally Disordered | 259 | ||
| The Macarthur Research Network | 260 | ||
| Police and the Mentally Disordered | 261 | ||
| Mentally Disordered Inmates | 261 | ||
| Dangerousness and the Assessment of Risk | 263 | ||
| The Tarasoff Case | 263 | ||
| Violence Risk Factors and Measures | 265 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 267 | ||
| Key concepts | 268 | ||
| Review Questions | 268 | ||
| Chaopter 9 Homicide, Assault, and Intimate Partner and Family Violence | 269 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 269 | ||
| Definitions | 271 | ||
| Criminal Homicide | 272 | ||
| Aggravated Assault | 273 | ||
| Demographic and Other Factors of Homicide | 273 | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | 274 | ||
| Gender | 274 | ||
| Age | 275 | ||
| Socioeconomic Status | 275 | ||
| Circumstances | 275 | ||
| Weapons | 275 | ||
| Box 9-1 Guns, Crime, and Cumulative Risk | 277 | ||
| Psychological Aspects of Criminal Homicide | 278 | ||
| General Altercation Homicide | 279 | ||
| Felony Commission Homicides | 280 | ||
| Juvenile Homicide Offenders | 281 | ||
| Box 9-2 Boys, Girls, and Homicide: Why and How Do They Do It? | 282 | ||
| Psychological Characteristics of Juvenile Murderers | 282 | ||
| Treatment of Juveniles Who Kill | 284 | ||
| Intimate Partner Violence | 284 | ||
| IPV among Older Adults | 286 | ||
| IPV among Hispanics | 286 | ||
| Same Sex or Nonheterosexual IPV | 287 | ||
| IPV Within Law Enforcement and Military Families | 288 | ||
| Psychological and Demographic Characteristics of Abusers | 289 | ||
| Family Violence | 290 | ||
| Prevalence | 291 | ||
| Victims | 291 | ||
| Child Maltreatment | 293 | ||
| Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Thrownaway Children | 295 | ||
| Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | 296 | ||
| Abusive Head Trauma | 297 | ||
| Infanticide | 298 | ||
| Neonaticide | 298 | ||
| Filicide | 299 | ||
| Elderly Abuse | 300 | ||
| Sibling-to-Sibling Violence | 302 | ||
| Child-to-Parent Violence | 303 | ||
| Multiassaultive Families | 304 | ||
| The Cycle of Violence | 305 | ||
| The Effects of Family Violence on Children | 306 | ||
| Summary And Conclusions | 307 | ||
| Key Concepts | 308 | ||
| Review Questions | 309 | ||
| Chapter 10 Multiple Murder, School and Workplace Violence | 310 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 310 | ||
| Investigative Psychology | 311 | ||
| Forms of Profiling | 312 | ||
| Psychological Profiling | 312 | ||
| Suspect-Based Profiling | 313 | ||
| Geographical Profiling | 313 | ||
| Crime Scene Profiling | 314 | ||
| Equivocal Death Analysis | 319 | ||
| Multiple Murders | 320 | ||
| Definitions | 321 | ||
| Serial Murders | 322 | ||
| Choice of Victims and Modus Operandi | 323 | ||
| Geographical Location of Serial Killing | 324 | ||
| Ethnic and Racial Characteristics | 324 | ||
| Risk Factors and Psychological Motives | 325 | ||
| Research on Backgrounds | 325 | ||
| Female Serial Killers | 326 | ||
| Juvenile Serial Killers | 327 | ||
| Mass Murderers | 327 | ||
| Public Mass Shootings | 328 | ||
| A Mass Murder Typology | 330 | ||
| School Violence | 332 | ||
| School Shootings | 333 | ||
| Box 10-1 Safety Drills in Schools: Unanticipated Consequences | 334 | ||
| Psychological Characteristics of School Shooters | 336 | ||
| Workplace Violence | 337 | ||
| Categories of Workplace Violence | 338 | ||
| Perpetrators of Workplace Violence | 341 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 342 | ||
| Key Concepts | 343 | ||
| Review Questions | 344 | ||
| CHapter 11 Psychology of Modern Terrorism | 345 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 345 | ||
| Definitions and Examples | 347 | ||
| Classification of Terrorist Groups | 350 | ||
| A Terrorist Typology | 352 | ||
| Followers and Leaders: Who Joins and Who Leads | 352 | ||
| Why Do They Join? | 353 | ||
| Quest for Significance Theory | 354 | ||
| Terror Management Theory | 355 | ||
| Suicidal Terrorism | 355 | ||
| Becoming a Terrorist: The Process of Radicalization | 356 | ||
| Terrorist Leaders | 357 | ||
| Lone Wolf Terrorists | 358 | ||
| Boston Marathon Bombers | 359 | ||
| Box 11-1 The Marathon Bombing and Beyond | 359 | ||
| Fort Hood Shooter | 360 | ||
| The Times Square Bombing Attempt | 360 | ||
| The Psychosocial Context of Terrorism | 362 | ||
| Terrorist Motives and Justifications | 363 | ||
| Additional Disengagement Practices | 364 | ||
| Psychological Effects and Nature of Terrorism | 365 | ||
| Cognitive Restructuring | 365 | ||
| Moral Development | 365 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 368 | ||
| Key Concepts | 369 | ||
| Review Questions | 369 | ||
| CHapter 12 Sexual Assault | 370 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 370 | ||
| Definitions and Statistics | 371 | ||
| Sexual Assault in Date and Acquaintance Relationships | 373 | ||
| Box 12-1 Campus Sexual Assault | 374 | ||
| Incidence and Prevalence of Rape | 375 | ||
| Impact of Sexual Assault on Survivors | 376 | ||
| Psychological Effects | 376 | ||
| Physical Injury | 377 | ||
| Sexual Assault Vulnerability Factors | 378 | ||
| Situational Factors | 378 | ||
| Location | 378 | ||
| Age of Victims | 378 | ||
| Relationship Factors | 379 | ||
| Consumption of Alcohol | 379 | ||
| History of Victimization | 379 | ||
| Risk Taking Behaviors | 379 | ||
| Characteristics of Sexual Offenders: Who Offends? | 380 | ||
| Ages of Sex Offenders | 381 | ||
| Recidivism and Offending History | 381 | ||
| Applying Crime Scene Analysis to Predictions of Recidivism | 382 | ||
| Attitudes and Myths That Support Rape and Other Sexual Assaults | 384 | ||
| Cognitive-Perceptual Distortions in Communication | 385 | ||
| The Influence of Pornography | 385 | ||
| Classification of Rape Patterns | 387 | ||
| Massachusetts Treatment Center Classification System | 388 | ||
| The MTC:R3 | 390 | ||
| Box 12-2 Sexual Burglary | 390 | ||
| MTC Version 4 | 392 | ||
| The Groth Typology | 393 | ||
| Treatment of Sex Offenders | 394 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 396 | ||
| Key Concepts | 397 | ||
| Review Questions | 397 | ||
| CHapter 13 Sexual Abuse of Children and Youth | 398 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 398 | ||
| Incidence and Prevalence of Child Sex Abuse | 400 | ||
| Box 13-1 Sexual Abuse: The Shame of Juvenile Corrections | 401 | ||
| Situational and Victimization Characteristics | 403 | ||
| Incest | 405 | ||
| Types of Sexual Contact | 405 | ||
| Psychological Effects of Child Sexual Victimization | 406 | ||
| Characteristics of Child Sex Offenders | 406 | ||
| Age and Gender | 407 | ||
| Selection of Victims | 408 | ||
| Backgrounds | 408 | ||
| Interpersonal and Intimacy Deficits | 409 | ||
| Cognitive Distortions | 410 | ||
| Neurocognitive Functions | 410 | ||
| Recidivism and Risk Assessment | 411 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 412 | ||
| Classification of Male Child Sex Offender Patterns | 413 | ||
| The MTC:CM3 | 414 | ||
| The Groth Classification Model | 416 | ||
| Female Sex Offender Typology | 417 | ||
| Internet-Facilitated Sexual Offending | 418 | ||
| Who Are the Offenders? | 418 | ||
| Who Are the Child Victims? | 419 | ||
| Online Sex Offenders Interested in Adolescents | 420 | ||
| Sex Trafficking | 420 | ||
| Treatment of Child Sex Offenders | 421 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 423 | ||
| Key Concepts | 424 | ||
| Review Questions | 424 | ||
| Chapter 14 Burglary, Home Invasions, Thefts, and “White-Collar” Offenses | 425 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 425 | ||
| Burglary | 427 | ||
| Characteristics of Burglary | 427 | ||
| Who Commits Burglary? | 428 | ||
| Burglary Cues and Selected Targets | 429 | ||
| Burglar Cognitive Processes | 430 | ||
| Entry Strategies | 431 | ||
| How Far Do Burglars Travel? | 432 | ||
| Gender Differences in Methods and Patterns | 432 | ||
| Property Taken and Disposed | 432 | ||
| Motives | 434 | ||
| Burglar Typologies | 435 | ||
| Psychological Impact of Burglary | 436 | ||
| Home Invasions | 437 | ||
| Larceny and Motor Vehicle Theft | 438 | ||
| Motor Vehicle Theft | 438 | ||
| Fraud and Identity Theft | 439 | ||
| Box 14-1 Identity Theft—Anyone Can Be Victimized | 440 | ||
| Shoplifting | 442 | ||
| Who Shoplifts? | 444 | ||
| Motives | 446 | ||
| Shoplifting by Proxy | 447 | ||
| Shoplifting as an Occupation | 447 | ||
| Methods of Shoplifting | 448 | ||
| Kleptomania: Fact or Fiction? | 448 | ||
| White-Collar and Occupational Crime | 449 | ||
| Green’s Four Categories of Occupational Crime | 450 | ||
| Box 14-2 Political Crimes—Unexamined Issues | 451 | ||
| Prevalence and Incidence of Occupational Crime | 452 | ||
| Corporate Crime | 452 | ||
| Justifications and Neutralizations | 454 | ||
| Individual Occupational Crime | 455 | ||
| Employee Theft | 455 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 457 | ||
| Key Concepts | 458 | ||
| Review Questions | 458 | ||
| Chapter 15 Violent Economic Crime, Cybercrime, and Crimes of Intimidation | 459 | ||
| Robbery | 460 | ||
| Bank Robbery | 461 | ||
| Amateurs and Professionals | 462 | ||
| Commercial Robbery | 464 | ||
| Street Robbery | 464 | ||
| Motives and Cultural Influences | 465 | ||
| Robbery by Groups | 466 | ||
| Cybercrime | 467 | ||
| Box 15-1 Cybercrime—Heists and Intrusions | 468 | ||
| Privacy Concerns and Cybercrime Laws | 469 | ||
| Psychological Characteristics of Cybercriminals | 470 | ||
| Stalking | 471 | ||
| Categories of Stalking | 472 | ||
| Cyberstalking | 473 | ||
| Cyberbullying | 474 | ||
| Hostage-Taking Offenses | 476 | ||
| Instrumental and Expressive Hostage Taking | 476 | ||
| FBI Categories of Hostage Taking | 476 | ||
| Strategies for Dealing With Hostage Takers | 478 | ||
| The Stockholm Syndrome | 479 | ||
| Rules for Hostages to Follow | 479 | ||
| Arson | 481 | ||
| Incidence and Prevalence | 481 | ||
| Developmental Stages of Firesetting | 482 | ||
| Persistent and Repetitive Firesetting Among Adults | 483 | ||
| Female Arsonists | 484 | ||
| Behavioral Typologies and Trajectories | 485 | ||
| Psychological Disorders | 486 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 487 | ||
| Key Concepts | 488 | ||
| Review Questions | 488 | ||
| Chapter 16 Substance Abuse and Crime | 489 | ||
| Chapter Objectives | 489 | ||
| Juvenile Drug Use | 490 | ||
| Who Is Selling to Juveniles? | 492 | ||
| Gender Differences in Juvenile Drug Use | 493 | ||
| Consistent Findings on Illicit Drug Use | 493 | ||
| Tripartite Conceptual Model | 496 | ||
| Major Categories of Drugs | 497 | ||
| Tolerance and Dependence | 498 | ||
| The Hallucinogens | 499 | ||
| Marijuana | 499 | ||
| How Is Marijuana Prepared? | 500 | ||
| Synthetic Marijuana | 501 | ||
| Synthetic Cathinones | 502 | ||
| Salvia | 502 | ||
| Cannabis and Crime | 502 | ||
| Phencyclidine (PCP) | 504 | ||
| PCP and Crime | 504 | ||
| The Stimulants | 504 | ||
| Amphetamines | 504 | ||
| Methamphetamine | 505 | ||
| Other Stimulants with Similar Effects | 505 | ||
| Cocaine and Its Derivatives | 506 | ||
| Psychological Effects | 507 | ||
| Adverse Physical Effects | 507 | ||
| Stimulants and Crime | 507 | ||
| Crack Cocaine | 508 | ||
| Crack and Crime | 509 | ||
| Mdma (Ecstasy or Molly) | 509 | ||
| Narcotic Drugs | 510 | ||
| Heroin | 510 | ||
| Box 16-1 Prescription Medications: Fraudulent Distribution | 511 | ||
| Heroin and Crime | 512 | ||
| Fentanyl | 513 | ||
| Other Narcotic Drugs | 513 | ||
| Oxycontin® and Vicodin® | 513 | ||
| Oxycontin®, Vicodin®, and Crime | 514 | ||
| The Club Drugs: Sedative Hypnotic Compounds | 514 | ||
| Ketamine | 515 | ||
| Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) | 515 | ||
| Rohypnol | 516 | ||
| Alcohol | 516 | ||
| Psychological Effects | 517 | ||
| Alcohol, Crime, and Delinquency | 518 | ||
| Substance Abuse and Violence | 519 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 520 | ||
| Key Concepts | 522 | ||
| Review Questions | 522 | ||
| Glossary | 523 | ||
| Cases Cited | 536 | ||
| References | 537 | ||
| Author Index | 631 | ||
| Subject Index | 655 |