Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
For courses in introductory, preparatory, and basic chemistry.
Engages First Time Chemistry Students
Basic Chemistry introduces students to the essential scientific and mathematical concepts of general chemistry. With accessible language and a moderate pace, the text is easy-to-follow for first-time chemistry students, as well as those hoping to renew their studies of the subject.
In the Fifth Edition, Bill and Karen Timberlake carefully develop core ideas while relating them to the possibility of future careers. The book guides students through basic chemistry problem solving with engaging visuals and a focus on developing the math skills necessary to be successful in the course. End of chapter questions strategically promote integration of cumulative ideas, allowing students to develop a strong foundation for learning chemistry and encouraging them to continue their studies in the field. The main objective in writing this text is to make the study of chemistry an engaging and a positive experience for students by relating the structure and behavior of matter to real life. This new edition introduces more problem-solving strategies, more problem-solving guides, new features in the Sample Problems; Try It First before the Solution and Connect in the Analyze the Problem step of the solution, a new Engage feature, new conceptual and challenge problems, and new sets of combined problems.
MasteringChemistry not included. Students, if MasteringChemistry is a recommended/mandatory component of the course, please ask your instructor for the correct ISBN and course ID. MasteringChemistry should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information.
MasteringChemistry is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with this text to personalize learning and improve results. With a wide range of interactive, engaging, and assignable activities, students are encouraged to actively learn and retain tough course concepts.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Title Page | 3 | ||
| Copyright Page | 4 | ||
| Brief Contents | 5 | ||
| Table of Contents | 6 | ||
| Applications and Activities | 12 | ||
| About the Authors | 14 | ||
| Preface | 15 | ||
| Reviewers | 21 | ||
| 1 Chemistry in Our Lives | 31 | ||
| Career: Forensic Scientist | 31 | ||
| 1.1 Chemistry and Chemicals | 32 | ||
| 1.2 Scientific Method: Thinking Like a Scientist | 34 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Early Chemist: Paracelsus | 35 | ||
| 1.3 Learning Chemistry: A Study Plan | 37 | ||
| 1.4 Key Math Skills for Chemistry | 40 | ||
| 1.5 Writing Numbers in Scientific Notation | 47 | ||
| Concept Map | 51 | ||
| Chapter Review | 52 | ||
| Key Terms | 52 | ||
| Key Math Skills | 52 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 54 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 54 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 55 | ||
| Answers | 55 | ||
| 2 Chemistry and Measurements | 57 | ||
| Career: Registered Nurse | 57 | ||
| 2.1 Units of Measurement | 58 | ||
| 2.2 Measured Numbers and Significant Figures | 61 | ||
| 2.3 Significant Figures in Calculations | 65 | ||
| 2.4 Prefixes and Equalities | 69 | ||
| 2.5 Writing Conversion Factors | 73 | ||
| 2.6 Problem Solving Using Unit Conversion | 78 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Toxicology and Risk–Benefit Assessment | 82 | ||
| 2.7 Density | 84 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Bone Density | 87 | ||
| Concept Map | 91 | ||
| Chapter Review | 91 | ||
| Key Terms | 92 | ||
| Key Math Skill | 93 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 93 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 94 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 95 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 96 | ||
| Answers | 97 | ||
| 3 Matter and Energy | 99 | ||
| Career: Dietitian | 99 | ||
| 3.1 Classification of Matter | 100 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Breathing Mixtures | 103 | ||
| 3.2 States and Properties of Matter | 103 | ||
| 3.3 Temperature | 107 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Variation in Body Temperature | 110 | ||
| 3.4 Energy | 111 | ||
| Chemistry Link to the Environment Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change | 114 | ||
| 3.5 Specific Heat | 115 | ||
| 3.6 Energy and Nutrition | 119 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Losing and Gaining Weight | 121 | ||
| Concept Map | 123 | ||
| Chapter Review | 123 | ||
| Key Terms | 124 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 124 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 125 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 127 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 128 | ||
| Answers | 128 | ||
| Combining Ideas from Chapters 1 to 3 | 130 | ||
| 4 Atoms and Elements | 132 | ||
| Career: Farmer | 132 | ||
| 4.1 Elements and Symbols | 133 | ||
| Chemistry Link to the Environment Many Forms of Carbon | 135 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Toxicity of Mercury | 135 | ||
| 4.2 The Periodic Table | 136 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Elements Essential to Health | 140 | ||
| 4.3 The Atom | 142 | ||
| 4.4 Atomic Number and Mass Number | 146 | ||
| 4.5 Isotopes and Atomic Mass | 148 | ||
| Concept Map | 153 | ||
| Chapter Review | 154 | ||
| Key Terms | 154 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 155 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 156 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 157 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 157 | ||
| Answers | 158 | ||
| 5 Electronic Structure of Atoms and Periodic Trends | 161 | ||
| Career: Materials Engineer | 161 | ||
| 5.1 Electromagnetic Radiation | 162 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Biological Reactions to UV Light | 164 | ||
| 5.2 Atomic Spectra and Energy Levels | 165 | ||
| Chemistry Link to the Environment Energy-Saving Fluorescent Bulbs | 167 | ||
| 5.3 Sublevels and Orbitals | 168 | ||
| 5.4 Orbital Diagrams and Electron Configurations | 172 | ||
| 5.5 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table | 177 | ||
| 5.6 Trends in Periodic Properties | 181 | ||
| Concept Map | 188 | ||
| Chapter Review | 188 | ||
| Key Terms | 189 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 190 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 191 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 191 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 192 | ||
| Answers | 193 | ||
| 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds | 195 | ||
| Career: Pharmacist | 195 | ||
| 6.1 Ions: Transfer of Electrons | 196 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Some Important Ions in the Body | 200 | ||
| 6.2 Ionic Compounds | 201 | ||
| 6.3 Naming and Writing Ionic Formulas | 204 | ||
| 6.4 Polyatomic Ions | 209 | ||
| 6.5 Molecular Compounds: Sharing Electrons | 213 | ||
| Concept Map | 217 | ||
| Chapter Review | 218 | ||
| Key Terms | 218 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 219 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 219 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 220 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 221 | ||
| Answers | 221 | ||
| 7 Chemical Quantities | 224 | ||
| Career: Veterinarian | 224 | ||
| 7.1 The Mole | 225 | ||
| 7.2 Molar Mass | 229 | ||
| 7.3 Calculations Using Molar Mass | 231 | ||
| 7.4 Mass Percent Composition | 235 | ||
| Chemistry Link to the Environment Fertilizers | 237 | ||
| 7.5 Empirical Formulas | 238 | ||
| 7.6 Molecular Formulas | 242 | ||
| Concept Map | 246 | ||
| Chapter Review | 246 | ||
| Key Terms | 247 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 247 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 248 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 249 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 250 | ||
| Answers | 250 | ||
| Combining Ideas from Chapters 4 to 7 | 252 | ||
| 8 Chemical Reactions | 254 | ||
| Career: Exercise Physiologist | 254 | ||
| 8.1 Equations for Chemical Reactions | 255 | ||
| 8.2 Balancing a Chemical Equation | 258 | ||
| 8.3 Types of Chemical Reactions | 264 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Incomplete Combustion: Toxicity of Carbon Monoxide | 268 | ||
| 8.4 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions | 269 | ||
| Concept Map | 273 | ||
| Chapter Review | 273 | ||
| Key Terms | 273 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 274 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 274 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 275 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 276 | ||
| Answers | 277 | ||
| 9 Chemical Quantities in Reactions | 279 | ||
| Career: Environmental Scientist | 279 | ||
| 9.1 Conservation of Mass | 280 | ||
| 9.2 Calculating Moles Using Mole–Mole Factors | 282 | ||
| 9.3 Mass Calculations for Reactions | 285 | ||
| 9.4 Limiting Reactants | 288 | ||
| 9.5 Percent Yield | 293 | ||
| 9.6 Energy in Chemical Reactions | 295 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Cold Packs and Hot Packs | 298 | ||
| Concept Map | 301 | ||
| Chapter Review | 302 | ||
| Key Terms | 302 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 303 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 304 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 306 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 307 | ||
| Answers | 308 | ||
| 10 Bonding and Properties of Solids and Liquids | 309 | ||
| Career: Histologist | 309 | ||
| 10.1 Lewis Structures for Molecules and Polyatomic Ions | 310 | ||
| 10.2 Resonance Structures | 316 | ||
| 10.3 Shapes of Molecules and Polyatomic Ions (VSEPR Theory) | 318 | ||
| 10.4 Electronegativity and Bond Polarity | 323 | ||
| 10.5 Polarity of Molecules | 327 | ||
| 10.6 Intermolecular Forces between Atoms or Molecules | 328 | ||
| 10.7 Changes of State | 331 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Steam Burns | 338 | ||
| Concept Map | 340 | ||
| Chapter Review | 340 | ||
| Key Terms | 341 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 342 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 344 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 345 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 346 | ||
| Answers | 347 | ||
| Combining Ideas from Chapters 8 to 10 | 350 | ||
| 11 Gases | 353 | ||
| Career: Respiratory Therapist | 353 | ||
| 11.1 Properties of Gases | 354 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Measuring Blood Pressure | 357 | ||
| 11.2 Pressure and Volume (Boyle’s Law) | 359 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Pressure–Volume Relationship in Breathing | 361 | ||
| 11.3 Temperature and Volume (Charles’s Law) | 362 | ||
| 11.4 Temperature and Pressure (Gay-Lussac’s Law) | 365 | ||
| 11.5 The Combined Gas Law | 368 | ||
| 11.6 Volume and Moles (Avogadro’s Law) | 370 | ||
| 11.7 The Ideal Gas Law | 373 | ||
| 11.8 Gas Laws and Chemical Reactions | 377 | ||
| 11.9 Partial Pressures (Dalton’s Law) | 378 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Hyperbaric Chambers | 382 | ||
| Concept Map | 383 | ||
| Chapter Review | 384 | ||
| Key Terms | 385 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 385 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 386 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 387 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 388 | ||
| Answers | 389 | ||
| 12 Solutions | 390 | ||
| Career: Dialysis Nurse | 390 | ||
| 12.1 Solutions | 391 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Water in the Body | 393 | ||
| 12.2 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes | 395 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Electrolytes in Body Fluids | 396 | ||
| 12.3 Solubility | 397 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Gout and Kidney Stones: A Problem of Saturation in Body Fluids | 398 | ||
| 12.4 Solution Concentrations | 404 | ||
| 12.5 Dilution of Solutions | 412 | ||
| 12.6 Chemical Reactions in Solution | 415 | ||
| 12.7 Molality and Freezing Point Lowering/Boiling Point Elevation | 419 | ||
| 12.8 Properties of Solutions: Osmosis | 425 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Dialysis by the Kidneys and the Artificial Kidney | 427 | ||
| Concept Map | 430 | ||
| Chapter Review | 430 | ||
| Key Terms | 431 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 432 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 433 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 434 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 435 | ||
| Answers | 436 | ||
| 13 Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium | 439 | ||
| Career: Chemical Oceanographer | 439 | ||
| 13.1Rates of Reactions | 440 | ||
| Chemistry Link to the Environment Catalytic Converters | 444 | ||
| 13.2 Chemical Equilibrium | 445 | ||
| 13.3 Equilibrium Constants | 448 | ||
| 13.4 Using Equilibrium Constants | 452 | ||
| 13.5 Changing Equilibrium Conditions: Le Châtelier’s Principle | 456 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Oxygen–Hemoglobin Equilibrium and Hypoxia | 459 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Homeostasis: Regulation of Body Temperature | 461 | ||
| 13.6 Equilibrium in Saturated Solutions | 462 | ||
| Concept Map | 466 | ||
| Chapter Review | 466 | ||
| Key Terms | 467 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 467 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 468 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 469 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 470 | ||
| Answers | 471 | ||
| 14 Acids and Bases | 473 | ||
| Career: Clinical Laboratory Technician | 473 | ||
| 14.1 Acids and Bases | 474 | ||
| 14.2 Brønsted–Lowry Acids and Bases | 477 | ||
| 14.3 Strengths of Acids and Bases | 480 | ||
| 14.4 Dissociation Constants for Acids and Bases | 484 | ||
| 14.5 Dissociation of Water | 487 | ||
| 14.6 The pH Scale | 490 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Stomach Acid, HCl | 497 | ||
| 14.7 Reactions of Acids and Bases | 498 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Antacids | 499 | ||
| 14.8 Acid–Base Titration | 500 | ||
| 14.9 Buffers | 502 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Buffers in the Blood Plasma | 505 | ||
| Concept Map | 509 | ||
| Chapter Review | 509 | ||
| Key Terms | 510 | ||
| Key Math Skills | 511 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 511 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 512 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 513 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 514 | ||
| Answers | 515 | ||
| Combining Ideas from Chapters 11 to 14 | 518 | ||
| 15 Oxidation and Reduction | 521 | ||
| Career: Dentist | 521 | ||
| 15.1 Oxidation and Reduction | 522 | ||
| 15.2 Balancing Oxidation–Reduction Equations Using Half-Reactions | 528 | ||
| 15.3 Electrical Energy from Oxidation–Reduction Reactions | 533 | ||
| Chemistry Link to the Environment Corrosion: Oxidation of Metals | 539 | ||
| Chemistry Link to the Environment Fuel Cells: Clean Energy for the Future | 541 | ||
| 15.4 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions That Require Electrical Energy | 542 | ||
| Concept Map | 545 | ||
| Chapter Review | 545 | ||
| Key Terms | 546 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 546 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 547 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 548 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 550 | ||
| Answers | 550 | ||
| 16 Nuclear Chemistry | 553 | ||
| Career: Radiologist | 553 | ||
| 16.1 Natural Radioactivity | 554 | ||
| 16.2 Nuclear Reactions | 558 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Radon in Our Homes | 559 | ||
| 16.3 Radiation Measurement | 564 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Radiation and Food | 565 | ||
| 16.4 Half-Life of a Radioisotope | 567 | ||
| Chemistry Link to the Environment Dating Ancient Objects | 570 | ||
| 16.5 Medical Applications Using Radioactivity | 572 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Brachytherapy | 574 | ||
| 16.6 Nuclear Fission and Fusion | 575 | ||
| Chemistry Link to the Environment Nuclear Power Plants | 578 | ||
| Concept Map | 580 | ||
| Chapter Review | 580 | ||
| Key Terms | 581 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 581 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 582 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 583 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 584 | ||
| Answers | 584 | ||
| Combining Ideas from Chapters 15 and 16 | 586 | ||
| 17 Organic Chemistry | 588 | ||
| Career: Firefighter/Emergency Medical Technician | 588 | ||
| 17.1 Alkanes | 589 | ||
| 17.2 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Polymers | 599 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Fats | 602 | ||
| 17.3 Aromatic Compounds | 606 | ||
| Chemistry Link to the Environment Some Common Aromatic Compounds | 607 | ||
| 17.4 Alcohols and Ethers | 608 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Some Important Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers | 610 | ||
| 17.5 Aldehydes and Ketones | 612 | ||
| Chemistry Link to the Environment Vanilla | 614 | ||
| 17.6 Carboxylic Acids and Esters | 616 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Carboxylic Acids in Metabolism | 618 | ||
| 17.7 Amines and Amides | 623 | ||
| Chemistry Link to the Environment Alkaloids: Amines in Plants | 625 | ||
| Concept Map | 630 | ||
| Chapter Review | 630 | ||
| Summary of Naming | 631 | ||
| Summary of Reactions | 632 | ||
| Key Terms | 632 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 633 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 634 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 635 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 637 | ||
| Answers | 637 | ||
| 18 Biochemistry | 641 | ||
| Career: Clinical Lipid Specialist | 641 | ||
| 18.1 Carbohydrates | 642 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia | 644 | ||
| 18.2 Disaccharides and Polysaccharides | 647 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health How Sweet is My Sweetener? | 650 | ||
| 18.3 Lipids | 654 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Trans Fatty Acids and Hydrogenation | 656 | ||
| 18.4 Amino Acids and Proteins | 663 | ||
| Chemistry Link to Health Essential Amino Acids | 665 | ||
| 18.5 Protein Structure | 668 | ||
| 18.6 Proteins as Enzymes | 672 | ||
| 18.7 Nucleic Acids | 674 | ||
| 18.8 Protein Synthesis | 680 | ||
| Concept Map | 686 | ||
| Chapter Review | 686 | ||
| Key Terms | 688 | ||
| Core Chemistry Skills | 689 | ||
| Understanding the Concepts | 690 | ||
| Additional Questions and Problems | 692 | ||
| Challenge Questions | 693 | ||
| Answers | 694 | ||
| Combining Ideas from Chapters 17 and 18 | 698 | ||
| Credits | 701 | ||
| Glossary/Index | 705 | ||
| A | 705 | ||
| B | 706 | ||
| C | 707 | ||
| D | 708 | ||
| E | 709 | ||
| F | 710 | ||
| G | 711 | ||
| H | 711 | ||
| I | 712 | ||
| J | 712 | ||
| K | 712 | ||
| L | 713 | ||
| M | 713 | ||
| N | 714 | ||
| O | 715 | ||
| P | 715 | ||
| Q | 716 | ||
| R | 716 | ||
| S | 717 | ||
| T | 718 | ||
| U | 718 | ||
| V | 718 | ||
| W | 719 | ||
| X | 719 | ||
| Y | 719 | ||
| Z | 719 |