BOOK
Gastrointestinal Malignancies: New Innovative Diagnostics And Treatment
Cai Qiang | Xu Hong | El-rayes Bassel F
(2015)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Gastrointestinal Malignancies: New Innovative Diagnostics and Treatment summarizes new advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies, thereby providing the most current and up-to-date knowledge on gastrointestinal malignancies to medical students, gastroenterologists, general surgeons, oncologic surgeons, and oncologists.This book will feature the progresses made on treatment and diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies in the last ten years and provides the most current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities to the readers. The book will be an excellent reference tool for physicians and surgeons working in the field of gastrointestinal malignancies.Editors of the book are experts from both the western and eastern parts of the world.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface | ix | ||
| Editors’ Biography | xi | ||
| List of Authors | xxi | ||
| Chapter 1 The Descriptive Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Malignancies | 1 | ||
| Introduction | 1 | ||
| Esophageal Cancer | 2 | ||
| Gastric Cancer | 5 | ||
| Biliary Cancers | 7 | ||
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 8 | ||
| Gallbladder cancer | 9 | ||
| Ampullary tumors | 10 | ||
| Liver Cancer | 11 | ||
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 12 | ||
| Pancreatic Cancer | 16 | ||
| Colorectal Cancer | 20 | ||
| Small Bowel Tumors | 24 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Lymphomas | 27 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) | 28 | ||
| Neuroendocrine Tumors | 29 | ||
| Gastrointestinal tract neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoid tumors) | 29 | ||
| Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas | 30 | ||
| Anal Cancer | 31 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 32 | ||
| References | 32 | ||
| Chapter 2 Biomarkers and the Quest for Personalized Cancer Care | 41 | ||
| Introduction | 41 | ||
| Definitions | 42 | ||
| Pathways and Progression to Cancer: Choosing the Right Target | 42 | ||
| Specific Malignancies | 45 | ||
| Pancreas cancer | 45 | ||
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 46 | ||
| Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC ) | 47 | ||
| Colorectal cancer | 47 | ||
| Gastric cancer | 49 | ||
| Gastrointestinal stromal tumor | 50 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 51 | ||
| References | 51 | ||
| Chapter 3 Prevention of Gastrointestinal Malignancy | 55 | ||
| Introduction | 55 | ||
| Screening | 56 | ||
| Chemoprevention | 57 | ||
| Proton pump inhibitors | 58 | ||
| NSAIDs | 59 | ||
| Infections | 59 | ||
| H. pylori eradication | 59 | ||
| Hepatitis B vaccination | 60 | ||
| Lifestyle Modification | 61 | ||
| Tobacco use | 61 | ||
| Dietary factors | 62 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 63 | ||
| References | 63 | ||
| Chapter 4 Imaging in Gastrointestinal Malignancies | 71 | ||
| Imaging Modalities | 71 | ||
| Ultrasound | 72 | ||
| Computed tomography | 73 | ||
| Positron emission tomography-CT | 74 | ||
| Magnetic resonance imaging | 75 | ||
| Liver | 76 | ||
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 76 | ||
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 78 | ||
| Metastatic disease to the liver | 80 | ||
| Hepatic lymphoma | 82 | ||
| Hemagioendothelioma | 82 | ||
| Hepatic angiosarcoma | 86 | ||
| Biliary cystadenoma/Cystadenocarcinoma | 87 | ||
| Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct | 88 | ||
| Pancreas | 89 | ||
| Pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma | 89 | ||
| Neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas | 91 | ||
| Pancreatic lymphoma | 92 | ||
| Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas | 92 | ||
| Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm | 95 | ||
| Mucinous cystadenoma/Cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas | 98 | ||
| Solid pseudopapillary tumor | 98 | ||
| Metastatic disease to the pancreas | 101 | ||
| Bowel | 101 | ||
| Rectal cancer | 101 | ||
| Small bowel lymphoma | 104 | ||
| Carcinoid | 104 | ||
| Mucinous appendiceal carcinoma | 106 | ||
| Stomach | 107 | ||
| Gastric adenocarcinoma | 107 | ||
| Gastrointestinal stromal tumors | 108 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 112 | ||
| References | 113 | ||
| Chapter 5 Nutritional Supports for Patients with Gastrointestinal Malignancies | 123 | ||
| Definition and Prevalence of Malnutrition in Patients with Malignancies | 123 | ||
| Factors Associated with Malnutrition | 125 | ||
| Effects of Malnutrition on the Patients with GI Malignancies | 125 | ||
| Controversies on the Effects of Nutritional Supports | 126 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 134 | ||
| References | 134 | ||
| Chapter 6 Palliative Care for Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Malignancies | 141 | ||
| Palliation of Advanced Esophageal Cancer | 142 | ||
| Introduction | 142 | ||
| Esophageal stents | 143 | ||
| Endoscopic dilation | 146 | ||
| Tumor ablation | 146 | ||
| Brachytherapy | 147 | ||
| Nutrition support in esophageal cancer | 148 | ||
| Palliation of Malignant Biliary Obstruction | 149 | ||
| Introduction | 149 | ||
| Plastic stents | 150 | ||
| Metal stents | 150 | ||
| Unilateral versus bilateral drainage | 151 | ||
| Newer modalities | 152 | ||
| Palliation of Malignant Gastroduodenal Obstruction | 154 | ||
| Introduction | 154 | ||
| Surgical gastrojejunostomy | 154 | ||
| Gastroduodenal stents | 155 | ||
| Stents versus surgical gastrojejunostomy | 155 | ||
| Venting gastrostomy tube | 156 | ||
| Palliation of Obstruction due to Malignant Colorectal Cancer | 156 | ||
| Introduction\r | 156 | ||
| Surgery | 156 | ||
| Colonic stents | 158 | ||
| Colonic stents versus surgery | 159 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 160 | ||
| References | 162 | ||
| Chapter 7 Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Malignancies | 171 | ||
| Introduction | 171 | ||
| Advancement in Diagnosis | 172 | ||
| Diagnostic endoscopy | 172 | ||
| Staging | 179 | ||
| Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) | 183 | ||
| Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) | 185 | ||
| Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection | 186 | ||
| Cryotherapy | 186 | ||
| Ablation | 188 | ||
| Dilation | 190 | ||
| Esophageal prostheses | 191 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 191 | ||
| References | 192 | ||
| Chapter 8 Multimodality Management of Esophageal Malignancies beyond Endoscopy | 199 | ||
| Epidemiology | 200 | ||
| Risk Factors | 200 | ||
| Staging and Work-up | 202 | ||
| Tumor staging | 203 | ||
| Lymph node metastases | 205 | ||
| Distant metastases | 206 | ||
| Therapy | 208 | ||
| Early stage (T1-T2N0) | 208 | ||
| Locally advanced, resectable (T3-4aN0, T1-4aN1-3) | 212 | ||
| Neoadjuvant radiation | 213 | ||
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 213 | ||
| Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy | 216 | ||
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy | 220 | ||
| Adjuvant radiation | 220 | ||
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 221 | ||
| Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy | 221 | ||
| Role of surgery | 222 | ||
| Management of locally advanced, unresectable disease | 223 | ||
| Metastatic | 224 | ||
| Future Directions | 226 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 226 | ||
| References | 227 | ||
| Chapter 9 Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Malignancies | 241 | ||
| Introduction | 241 | ||
| Gastric Cancer Diagnosis by Endoscopy | 242 | ||
| Staging | 245 | ||
| Gastric Carcinoma Endoscopic Treatment | 246 | ||
| Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) | 246 | ||
| Endoscopic submucocal dissection (ESD) | 247 | ||
| Palliative treatment | 249 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 249 | ||
| References | 249 | ||
| Chapter 10 Management of Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma beyond Endoscopy | 253 | ||
| Introduction | 254 | ||
| First Line Chemotherapy (Table 1) | 255 | ||
| Taxane based regimens | 255 | ||
| DCF: Docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil | 255 | ||
| Carboplatin and paclitaxel | 255 | ||
| Anthracycline-based regimens | 257 | ||
| ECF: Epirubicin, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil | 257 | ||
| Irinotecan-based regimens | 257 | ||
| 5-Fluorouracil and irinotecan | 257 | ||
| S-1-based regimens | 258 | ||
| Alternative first-line regimens | 259 | ||
| Second Line Chemotherapy (Table 2) | 259 | ||
| Docetaxel | 259 | ||
| Paclitaxel | 260 | ||
| Irinotecan | 261 | ||
| Alternative second-line regimens | 261 | ||
| Targeted Therapy | 261 | ||
| Human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER-2) inhibitors | 262 | ||
| Trastuzumab | 262 | ||
| Lapatinib | 262 | ||
| VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) receptor antagonists | 263 | ||
| Ramucirumab | 263 | ||
| Bevacizumab | 264 | ||
| Sunitinib | 265 | ||
| Sorafenib | 265 | ||
| Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors | 266 | ||
| Cetuximab | 266 | ||
| Panitumumab | 266 | ||
| Other EGFR inhibitors: Matuzumab, gefitinib, erlotonib | 267 | ||
| PI3 kinase pathway inhibitors | 267 | ||
| Everolimus | 267 | ||
| C-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitors | 268 | ||
| Foretonib | 268 | ||
| Tivantinib | 269 | ||
| Other targeted therapies | 269 | ||
| Conclusions | 269 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 270 | ||
| References | 270 | ||
| Chapter 11 Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Malignancies | 279 | ||
| New Endoscopic Imaging Modalities | 279 | ||
| Narrow band imaging (NBI), fujinon intelligent chromoendoscopy (FICE), i-scan | 280 | ||
| Autofluorescence imaging | 280 | ||
| Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and endocytoscopy | 281 | ||
| New Endoscopic Devices and Techniques | 282 | ||
| Colon capsule endoscopy | 282 | ||
| Advanced colonoscopes | 282 | ||
| Wide-angle and retroflexion colonoscope | 282 | ||
| Special colonoscopic devices | 283 | ||
| Cap-fitted colonoscopy | 283 | ||
| Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) | 283 | ||
| Endoscopic Resection of Early Colorectal Neoplasm | 284 | ||
| Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Malignancies | 286 | ||
| Stricture dilation | 286 | ||
| Colorectal stenting | 286 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 288 | ||
| References | 288 | ||
| Chapter 12 Multimodality Management of Colorectal Malignancies Beyond Endoscopy | 291 | ||
| Introduction | 291 | ||
| CT Colonography | 292 | ||
| Treatments for Colorectal Cancer | 292 | ||
| Surgery | 293 | ||
| Chemotherapy | 293 | ||
| Treatment for Rectal Cancer | 296 | ||
| Local resection vs chemoradiation therapy | 301 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 302 | ||
| References | 303 | ||
| Chapter 13 Multimodality Management of Oligometastatic Colorectal Cancer | 311 | ||
| Background | 311 | ||
| Operative Considerations | 313 | ||
| Resection | 314 | ||
| Portal Vein Embolization (PVE) | 318 | ||
| Ablation Techniques | 321 | ||
| Systemic Chemotherapy | 323 | ||
| Intra-Arterial (HIA) Infusion of Chemotherapy | 326 | ||
| Radiation Therapy | 328 | ||
| Surveillance | 329 | ||
| Non-Hepatic Oligometastatic Disease | 330 | ||
| Lung | 330 | ||
| Adrenal | 330 | ||
| Brain | 331 | ||
| Retroperitoneum | 331 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 331 | ||
| References | 331 | ||
| Chapter 14 Diagnosis and Staging of Pancreatic Malignancies | 351 | ||
| Introduction | 351 | ||
| Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 352 | ||
| Epidemiology | 352 | ||
| Clinical presentation and its role in diagnosis and staging | 353 | ||
| Screening for occult pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 358 | ||
| Biomarkers for diagnosis and staging | 359 | ||
| Role of imaging in diagnosis and staging | 360 | ||
| Transabdominal ultrasonography (US) | 360 | ||
| Computerized tomography (CT) | 361 | ||
| Role of percutaneous biopsy for diagnosis | 362 | ||
| Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | 363 | ||
| Positron emission tomography (PET) | 364 | ||
| Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) | 365 | ||
| Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) | 368 | ||
| Multimodality preoperative staging to determine resectability | 369 | ||
| Staging systems for pancreatic cancer | 371 | ||
| Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs) | 373 | ||
| Epidemiology | 375 | ||
| Classification | 376 | ||
| Functional PNETs | 376 | ||
| Non-functional PNETs | 376 | ||
| Functional PNETs | 377 | ||
| Diagnostic approaches | 383 | ||
| Role of biomarkers | 383 | ||
| Radiologic studies | 385 | ||
| Arterial stimulation venous sampling | 386 | ||
| Grading and staging systems | 387 | ||
| Uncommon Pancreatic Tumors | 390 | ||
| Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) | 390 | ||
| Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) | 391 | ||
| Primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) | 392 | ||
| Isolated pancreatic metastasis | 393 | ||
| Pancreatoblastoma | 393 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 394 | ||
| References | 395 | ||
| Chapter 15 Borderline Resectable Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas | 415 | ||
| Introduction | 415 | ||
| Defining Borderline Resectable Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas | 416 | ||
| Neoadjuvant Therapy | 420 | ||
| Regimen and duration of neoadjuvant therapy | 422 | ||
| Assessing response to neoadjuvant therapy | 428 | ||
| Surgical Considerations | 429 | ||
| Diagnostic laparoscopy | 429 | ||
| Vascular resection | 430 | ||
| Venous involvement: Technical considerations and outcomes | 430 | ||
| Arterial resection | 433 | ||
| Surgical margin assessment | 434 | ||
| Adjuvant Therapy | 435 | ||
| Unresectable Non-metastatic Pancreas Cancer | 436 | ||
| Conclusion | 436 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 437 | ||
| References | 437 | ||
| Chapter 16 Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer | 451 | ||
| Introduction | 452 | ||
| Risk Factors and Genetic Predisposition | 452 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis | 453 | ||
| Prognosis | 453 | ||
| Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | 453 | ||
| Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy | 454 | ||
| 5-FU-based chemotherapy | 459 | ||
| Emerging treatment regimens in pancreatic cancer | 461 | ||
| Supportive treatment in advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | 464 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 465 | ||
| References | 465 | ||
| Chapter 17 Diagnosis of Hepatobiliary Malignancies | 471 | ||
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 472 | ||
| Etiology and risk factors | 472 | ||
| Viral infections | 472 | ||
| Aflatoxin | 473 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 473 | ||
| Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | 474 | ||
| Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma | 474 | ||
| Clinical manifestations of hepatocellular carcinoma | 476 | ||
| Blood tests | 477 | ||
| Imaging | 479 | ||
| Abdominal ultrasonography (US) | 479 | ||
| Computer tomography (CT) | 480 | ||
| Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | 480 | ||
| Selective hepatic artery digital subtraction angiography (DSA) | 481 | ||
| Positron emission tomography (PET-CT) | 481 | ||
| Liver biopsy | 482 | ||
| Diagnosis modalities | 483 | ||
| Pathology | 485 | ||
| Staging | 485 | ||
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 485 | ||
| Epidemiology | 486 | ||
| Risk factors | 487 | ||
| Pathology | 487 | ||
| Diagnosis | 487 | ||
| Clinical presentations | 488 | ||
| Blood tests | 488 | ||
| Serum tumor markers | 488 | ||
| Imaging | 489 | ||
| Cytologic and histologic diagnosis | 491 | ||
| Gallbladder Carcinoma | 492 | ||
| Risk factors | 492 | ||
| Clinical presentations | 492 | ||
| Pathology and staging | 493 | ||
| Diagnosis | 493 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 494 | ||
| References | 494 | ||
| Chapter 18 Non-Surgical Management of Hepatobiliary Malignancies | 503 | ||
| Introduction | 503 | ||
| Adjuvant Treatment of Biliary Tract Cancers | 505 | ||
| Adjuvant treatment of gallbladder carcinomas | 505 | ||
| Adjuvant therapy for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas | 507 | ||
| Meta-analysis of adjuvant therapy trials for biliary tract cancers and gallbladder cancers | 507 | ||
| Neoadjuvant therapy for biliary tract cancers | 509 | ||
| Locally advanced biliary tract cancers | 509 | ||
| Metastatic biliary tract cancer | 510 | ||
| Novel and targeted agents in metastatic biliary tract cancers | 512 | ||
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 514 | ||
| Adjuvant therapy in resected or ablated hepatocellular carcinoma | 514 | ||
| Locally advanced and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma | 514 | ||
| Elderly patients | 516 | ||
| Sorafenib combined with locoregional approaches | 517 | ||
| Other targeted agents for advanced HCC | 518 | ||
| Second-line therapy beyond sorafenib | 519 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 520 | ||
| References | 520 | ||
| Chapter 19 Surgical Treatment of Hepatobiliary Malignancies and Liver Transplantation | 527 | ||
| Introduction | 527 | ||
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 528 | ||
| Introduction | 528 | ||
| Risk factors | 528 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 528 | ||
| Screening | 529 | ||
| Diagnosis | 529 | ||
| Staging | 530 | ||
| Surgical management | 531 | ||
| Surgical resection for HCC | 531 | ||
| OLT for HCC | 534 | ||
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 535 | ||
| Introduction | 535 | ||
| Risk factors | 536 | ||
| Diagnosis of iCCA | 537 | ||
| Diagnosis of eCCA | 538 | ||
| Staging | 539 | ||
| Surgical management of iCCA | 541 | ||
| Surgical management of eCCA — Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma | 542 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 543 | ||
| References | 543 | ||
| Chapter 20 Image-Guided Therapy of Liver Malignancy | 551 | ||
| Introduction | 551 | ||
| Ablative Therapies | 552 | ||
| Percutaneous ethanol | 553 | ||
| Radiofrequency ablation | 553 | ||
| Microwave ablation | 555 | ||
| Cryoablation | 556 | ||
| Irreversible electroporation | 557 | ||
| Future directions | 557 | ||
| Transarterial Therapies | 558 | ||
| Conventional transarterial chemoembolization | 559 | ||
| Drug-eluting bead chemoembolization | 561 | ||
| Radioembolization | 564 | ||
| Future directions | 567 | ||
| Conclusion | 570 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 571 | ||
| References | 571 | ||
| Chapter 21 Rare Gastrointestinal Malignancies | 589 | ||
| Small Bowel Tumors | 589 | ||
| Small bowel adenocarcinoma | 590 | ||
| Epidemiology | 590 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 590 | ||
| Clinical presentation and diagnosis | 591 | ||
| Staging and prognosis | 592 | ||
| Management | 594 | ||
| Neuroendocrine Tumors | 595 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 596 | ||
| Diagnosis | 596 | ||
| Biomarkers | 598 | ||
| Serum chromogranin-A | 598 | ||
| Urine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) | 598 | ||
| Other hormones | 599 | ||
| Carcinoid syndrome | 599 | ||
| Classification | 600 | ||
| Small bowel NET | 600 | ||
| Treatment for locoregional disease | 601 | ||
| Treatment for metastatic disease | 601 | ||
| Medical therapy | 602 | ||
| Pancreatic NET | 602 | ||
| Treatment for locoregional disease | 603 | ||
| Treatment for metastatic disease | 603 | ||
| Medical therapy | 604 | ||
| Cytotoxic chemotherapy | 604 | ||
| Targeted therapy | 605 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) | 607 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 607 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 607 | ||
| Risk assessment | 608 | ||
| Diagnosis | 608 | ||
| Management | 609 | ||
| Neoadjuvant | 610 | ||
| Adjuvant | 610 | ||
| Metastatic | 611 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 613 | ||
| References | 614 | ||
| Chapter 22 The Essentials of the Gastrointestinal and Pancreaticobiliary Malignancies Pathology | 625 | ||
| Esophageal Carcinoma | 625 | ||
| Gastric Carcinoma | 627 | ||
| Colorectal and Small Intestinal Carcinoma | 629 | ||
| Neuroendocrine Tumors | 630 | ||
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 632 | ||
| Pancreatic Cancer | 633 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 634 | ||
| References | 634 | ||
| Chapter 23 Proton Therapy: A New Dawn for Gastrointestinal Cancer Treatment | 637 | ||
| Introduction | 637 | ||
| Proton Beam Therapy | 638 | ||
| Physical properties of proton beams | 638 | ||
| Mechanisms | 638 | ||
| Administrations | 639 | ||
| Proton Therapy for Treating Gastrointestinal Malignancy | 640 | ||
| Esophageal cancer | 640 | ||
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 640 | ||
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 641 | ||
| Pancreatic cancer | 641 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 644 | ||
| References | 644 | ||
| Chapter 24 Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer | 647 | ||
| Overview | 647 | ||
| Early Stage Disease | 648 | ||
| Adjuvant Radiation Therapy | 649 | ||
| Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy | 650 | ||
| Adjuvant versus Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy Comparisons | 652 | ||
| Chemotherapy Regimens with Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy | 653 | ||
| Long versus Short Course Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy | 654 | ||
| Recurrent Rectal Cancer | 655 | ||
| Treatment Planning Techniques | 656 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 657 | ||
| References | 657 | ||
| Chapter 25 Radiotheraphy for Pancreatic Cancer | 661 | ||
| Introduction | 661 | ||
| Radiation Therapy for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer | 662 | ||
| Management of Borderline Resectable Disease | 664 | ||
| Management of Locally Advanced/Unresectable Disease | 664 | ||
| Radiation Therapy Techniques | 665 | ||
| IMRT For Pancreatic Cancer | 667 | ||
| Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer | 668 | ||
| Take Home Messages | 669 | ||
| References | 669 | ||
| Index | 673 |