BOOK
Global and Domestic Public Health and Neuroepidemiology, An Issue of the Neurologic Clinics, E-Book
(2016)
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Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Neurologic Clinics, edited by Dr. David Younger, is focused on Global and Domestic Public Health and Neuroepidemeiology. Topics covered in the issue include, but are not limited to research methods; gene-environment interplay; Alzheimer disease; headache disorders; multiple sclerosis and related disorders; lyme neuroborreliosis; cerebrovascular disease; neuro-oncology; community health needs assessment; and neurologic public health in the BRICS.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Global and Domestic Public Health and Neuroepidemiology\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface: Public Health, Neuroepidemiology, and Health Systems\r | v | ||
| I - Epidemiology\r | v | ||
| Research Methods in Epidemiology\r | v | ||
| The Epidemiology of Global Epilepsy\r | v | ||
| Epidemiology of Migraine\r | v | ||
| I-Cubed (Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation) and the Human Microbiome\r | vi | ||
| Epidemiology of Lyme Neuroborreliosis\r | vi | ||
| Epidemiology of Neurovasculitis\r | vi | ||
| Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis\r | vi | ||
| Alzheimer Disease and Its Growing Epidemic: Risk Factors, Biomarkers, and the Urgent Need for Therapeutics\r | vii | ||
| Epidemiology of Parkinson Disease\r | vii | ||
| Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke\r | vii | ||
| Epidemiology of Brain Tumors\r | vii | ||
| The Epidemiology of Neuromuscular Diseases\r | viii | ||
| Epidemiology of Childhood and Adult Mental Illness\r | viii | ||
| Childhood Vaccination: Implications for Global and Domestic Public Health\r | viii | ||
| Epidemiology of Zika Virus\r | viii | ||
| II - Health Systems\r | ix | ||
| Assessing the Public’s Health\r | ix | ||
| Health Care in Brazil: Implications for Public Health and Epidemiology\r | ix | ||
| Health Care in the Russian Federation\r | ix | ||
| Health Care in India\r | ix | ||
| Health Care in China\r | x | ||
| Health Care in South Africa\r | x | ||
| Special Article\r | x | ||
| Quick Evidence Synopsis: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Alzheimer Disease\r | x | ||
| NEUROLOGIC CLINICS | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| February 2017 | xi | ||
| May 2017 | xi | ||
| August 2017 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| August 2016 | xi | ||
| May 2016 | xi | ||
| February 2016 | xi | ||
| Preface:\rPublic Health, Neuroepidemiology, and Health Systems | xiii | ||
| Erratum | xv | ||
| Research Methods in Epidemiology | 816 | ||
| Key points | 816 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 816 | ||
| MEASURES OF DISEASE FREQUENCY | 816 | ||
| Incidence | 817 | ||
| Prevalence | 820 | ||
| Odds | 821 | ||
| Mortality Ratios | 821 | ||
| Disability and Summary Measures | 822 | ||
| MEASURES OF EFFECT AND ASSOCIATION | 822 | ||
| Risk Difference | 823 | ||
| Risk Ratio | 823 | ||
| Relative Excess | 823 | ||
| Null State and Counterfactual in Relation to Effect Measurement | 824 | ||
| Prevalence Ratios | 824 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY ESTIMATION | 824 | ||
| Validity and Error | 824 | ||
| P Values | 826 | ||
| Hypothesis Testing | 826 | ||
| Confidence Intervals and Limits | 827 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY DESIGN | 828 | ||
| Cohort Studies | 828 | ||
| Case Control Studies | 830 | ||
| Cross-Sectional Studies | 831 | ||
| Ecological Studies | 831 | ||
| REGRESSION TECHNIQUES | 832 | ||
| Simple Linear Regression | 832 | ||
| Multiple Linear Regression | 832 | ||
| Multiple Logistic Regression | 833 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 835 | ||
| REFERENCES | 835 | ||
| The Epidemiology of Global Epilepsy | 838 | ||
| Key points | 838 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 838 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 839 | ||
| RISK FACTORS | 839 | ||
| TREATMENT GAPS IN EPILEPSY CARE | 842 | ||
| CULTURAL BELIEFS AND TABOOS | 845 | ||
| SUMMARY | 847 | ||
| REFERENCES | 847 | ||
| Epidemiology of Migraine | 850 | ||
| Key points | 850 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 850 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 851 | ||
| PUBLIC HEALTH MEASUREMENTS | 851 | ||
| Incidence | 851 | ||
| Prevalence | 852 | ||
| Years Lived with Disability | 853 | ||
| INHERITANCE | 853 | ||
| GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI | 853 | ||
| GLOBAL ASPECTS | 855 | ||
| Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 | 855 | ||
| Ethiopia | 855 | ||
| Nepal | 856 | ||
| Italy | 856 | ||
| India | 856 | ||
| China | 856 | ||
| Zambia | 857 | ||
| Spain | 857 | ||
| Russia | 857 | ||
| Tanzania | 858 | ||
| Germany | 858 | ||
| Turkey | 858 | ||
| SUMMARY | 859 | ||
| REFERENCES | 859 | ||
| I-Cubed (Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation) and the Human Microbiome | 864 | ||
| Key points | 864 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 864 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 865 | ||
| INFECTION ACTIVATES IMMUNITY | 867 | ||
| I-CUBED DISORDERS | 870 | ||
| Spondyloarthropathy | 870 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus and Neuropathy | 870 | ||
| Type 1 diabetes | 870 | ||
| Diabetic neuropathy | 872 | ||
| REFERENCES | 873 | ||
| Epidemiology of Lyme Neuroborreliosis | 876 | ||
| Key points | 876 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 876 | ||
| HISTORY | 877 | ||
| CLINICAL INVOLVEMENT | 877 | ||
| NONHUMAN PRIMATE STUDIES | 877 | ||
| PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE | 878 | ||
| INFECTION VERSUS IMMUNITY | 879 | ||
| Treatment-Resistant Arthritis | 879 | ||
| Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Lyme Neuroborreliosis | 880 | ||
| Blood–Brain Barrier | 880 | ||
| General considerations | 880 | ||
| Implications for Lyme neuroborreliosis | 882 | ||
| REFERENCES | 884 | ||
| Epidemiology of Neurovasculitis | 888 | ||
| Key points | 888 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION AND NOSOLOGY | 888 | ||
| HISTORICAL ASPECTS | 890 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 896 | ||
| Large Vessel Vasculitis | 896 | ||
| Giant cell arteritis | 896 | ||
| Background | 896 | ||
| Epidemiology | 897 | ||
| Takayasu Disease | 898 | ||
| Background | 898 | ||
| Epidemiology | 898 | ||
| MEDIUM-SIZED VESSEL VASCULITIS | 899 | ||
| Polyarteritis Nodosa | 899 | ||
| Background | 899 | ||
| Epidemiology | 900 | ||
| Kawasaki Disease | 901 | ||
| Background | 901 | ||
| Epidemiology | 901 | ||
| SMALL-SIZED VESSEL VASCULITIS | 905 | ||
| Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis | 905 | ||
| Background | 905 | ||
| Epidemiology | 906 | ||
| IMMUNE COMPLEX VASCULITIS | 907 | ||
| Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis | 907 | ||
| Background | 907 | ||
| Epidemiology | 908 | ||
| Behçet Disease | 908 | ||
| Background | 908 | ||
| Epidemiology | 909 | ||
| REFERENCES | 910 | ||
| Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis | 920 | ||
| Key points | 920 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 920 | ||
| Prevalence and Incidence | 920 | ||
| The Americas | 920 | ||
| Europe | 922 | ||
| Asia | 922 | ||
| Genetic Aspects | 922 | ||
| Family aggregation studies | 922 | ||
| Genome-wide association studies | 923 | ||
| PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS | 924 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 925 | ||
| CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS | 925 | ||
| MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS VARIANTS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 929 | ||
| Neuromyelitis Optica | 929 | ||
| Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis | 931 | ||
| TREATMENT | 932 | ||
| REFERENCES | 934 | ||
| Alzheimer Disease and Its Growing Epidemic | 942 | ||
| Key points | 942 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 942 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 943 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION AND STAGING | 943 | ||
| BIOMARKERS | 944 | ||
| RISK FACTORS | 944 | ||
| NONMODIFIABLE GENETIC RISK FACTORS | 944 | ||
| Apolipoprotein E | 944 | ||
| Triggering Receptor on Myeloid Cells 2 | 945 | ||
| Amyloid Precursor Protein and Presenilin Mutations | 945 | ||
| Down Syndrome | 945 | ||
| Cardiovascular Health | 945 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 946 | ||
| Traumatic Brain Injury | 946 | ||
| The Influence of Neprilysin and Traumatic Brain Injury | 947 | ||
| Previous Amyloid Exposure | 947 | ||
| Protective Factors | 947 | ||
| PERSPECTIVES | 948 | ||
| REFERENCES | 948 | ||
| Epidemiology of Parkinson Disease | 956 | ||
| Key points | 956 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 956 | ||
| Epidemiology | 956 | ||
| Natural History | 957 | ||
| Clinical Subtypes | 957 | ||
| Nonmotor Symptoms | 957 | ||
| Dysautonomia | 957 | ||
| Sleep disturbances | 958 | ||
| Mood disorders | 958 | ||
| Cognitive disturbances | 958 | ||
| Pain and sensory disturbances | 958 | ||
| Neurogenetics | 959 | ||
| Management in Different Settings to Modify Outcome | 959 | ||
| Clinic based | 959 | ||
| Hospital based | 960 | ||
| Telemedical | 960 | ||
| PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS | 960 | ||
| Risk Factors | 960 | ||
| Factors that may increase risk of Parkinson disease | 960 | ||
| Pesticides | 960 | ||
| Occupation related | 961 | ||
| Traumatic brain injury | 961 | ||
| Factors that may mitigate risk of Parkinson disease | 961 | ||
| Caffeine | 961 | ||
| Cigarette smoking | 961 | ||
| Alcohol consumption | 962 | ||
| Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs | 962 | ||
| Statins | 962 | ||
| Calcium channel blockers | 962 | ||
| Hyperuricemics | 962 | ||
| Exercise | 962 | ||
| Infectious Disease Causation: Implications for Public Health | 963 | ||
| Enteric-pathogen | 963 | ||
| Prions | 963 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 963 | ||
| REFERENCES | 963 | ||
| Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke | 968 | ||
| Key points | 968 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 968 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STROKE | 969 | ||
| NEURORADIOLOGIC METHODS TO DETECT STROKE | 972 | ||
| GENETIC BASIS OF STROKE | 973 | ||
| GENETIC ANIMAL MODEL | 975 | ||
| GENETICS OF STROKE IN YOUNG ADULTS | 975 | ||
| GENETIC INFLUENCES OF WHITE MATTER LESION AND HYPERINTENSITY PROGRESSION | 976 | ||
| GENETIC ASPECTS OF LACUNAR STROKES | 976 | ||
| GENETIC BASIS FOR STROKE AND MIGRAINE | 977 | ||
| REFERENCES | 977 | ||
| Epidemiology of Brain Tumors | 982 | ||
| Key points | 982 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS | 982 | ||
| Meningiomas | 983 | ||
| Gliomas | 984 | ||
| Pituitary Tumors | 987 | ||
| Pediatric Brain Tumors | 988 | ||
| RISK FACTORS FOR BRAIN TUMORS | 990 | ||
| Ionizing Radiation | 991 | ||
| Nonionizing Radiation | 992 | ||
| Genetic Susceptibility and Hereditary Syndromes | 993 | ||
| Allergic and Immune-Related Conditions | 993 | ||
| TEMPORAL TRENDS | 994 | ||
| SUMMARY | 995 | ||
| REFERENCES | 995 | ||
| The Epidemiology of Neuromuscular Diseases | 1000 | ||
| Key points | 1000 | ||
| ANTERIOR HORN | 1000 | ||
| Spinal Muscular Atrophy | 1000 | ||
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | 1002 | ||
| Postpolio Syndrome | 1004 | ||
| PERIPHERAL NERVE | 1005 | ||
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome | 1005 | ||
| Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy | 1006 | ||
| NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION | 1007 | ||
| Myasthenia Gravis | 1007 | ||
| MUSCLE | 1008 | ||
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Becker Muscular Dystrophy | 1008 | ||
| Myotonic Dystrophy | 1011 | ||
| Polymyositis | 1011 | ||
| Dermatomyositis | 1012 | ||
| Inclusion Body Myositis | 1013 | ||
| THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE | 1014 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 1014 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 1015 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1015 | ||
| Epidemiology of Childhood and Adult Mental Illness | 1024 | ||
| Key points | 1024 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1024 | ||
| METHODOLOGY OF SURVEILLANCE | 1025 | ||
| National Population Surveys and Reporting Systems | 1025 | ||
| Adults and children | 1025 | ||
| The National Health Interview Survey | 1025 | ||
| The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey | 1025 | ||
| National Vital Statistics System | 1025 | ||
| National Violent Death Reporting System | 1025 | ||
| National Survey on Drug Use and Health | 1026 | ||
| Childhood Vaccination | 1036 | ||
| Key points | 1036 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1036 | ||
| HISTORICAL ASPECTS | 1037 | ||
| IMMUNE BASIS OF VACCINATION | 1039 | ||
| CATEGORIES OF VACCINES | 1040 | ||
| Live-Attenuated Vaccine | 1040 | ||
| Inactivated Vaccine | 1040 | ||
| Subunit Vaccine | 1040 | ||
| Conjugate Vaccine | 1040 | ||
| DOMESTIC AND GLOBAL VACCINATION PROGRAMS | 1040 | ||
| LEGAL CHALLENGES TO VACCINATION | 1042 | ||
| The Lessons of Measles Vaccination | 1042 | ||
| ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF VACCINES FOR ENDEMIC INFECTION | 1044 | ||
| MICROECONOMIC IMPACT OF VACCINATION | 1045 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1046 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1046 | ||
| Epidemiology of Zika Virus | 1050 | ||
| Key points | 1050 | ||
| HISTORICAL ASPECTS | 1050 | ||
| INFECTIOUS TRANSMISSION | 1051 | ||
| Mosquito Vectors | 1051 | ||
| Sexual Transmission | 1051 | ||
| Blood Transfusion | 1051 | ||
| ANIMAL AND HUMAN MODELS | 1052 | ||
| CLINICAL ASPECTS | 1053 | ||
| MICROBIOLOGIC AND SEROLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS | 1054 | ||
| THE HIDDEN TOLL OF ZIKA | 1055 | ||
| TREATMENT | 1055 | ||
| PUBLIC HEALTH RECOMMENDATIONS | 1055 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1056 | ||
| Assessing the Public’s Health | 1059 | ||
| Key points | 1059 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1059 | ||
| ASSESSING POPULATION HEALTH STATUS | 1060 | ||
| FROM MORTALITY TO DISABILITY MEASURES | 1060 | ||
| HEALTH SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY OF CARE | 1062 | ||
| United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Indicators | 1063 | ||
| Metrics of the World Cities Project | 1066 | ||
| EXAMINING COMMUNITY-LEVEL HEALTH INDICATORS | 1068 | ||
| Northern Manhattan Stroke Study | 1069 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1070 | ||
| Health Care in Brazil | 1073 | ||
| Key points | 1073 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1073 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 1074 | ||
| GEOGRAPHY | 1075 | ||
| SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY AND VITAL STATISTICS | 1075 | ||
| INFRASTRUCTURE | 1077 | ||
| REFORM | 1079 | ||
| GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROLOGY | 1083 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1083 | ||
| Health Care in the Russian Federation | 1087 | ||
| Key points | 1087 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1087 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 1088 | ||
| GEOGRAPHY | 1090 | ||
| SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY AND VITAL STATISTICS | 1090 | ||
| INFRASTRUCTURE | 1093 | ||
| PUBLIC HEALTH REFORM | 1099 | ||
| WORLD CUP 2018: IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH | 1101 | ||
| BURDEN OF DISEASE: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROLOGY | 1102 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1102 | ||
| Health Care in India | 1105 | ||
| Key points | 1105 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1105 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 1105 | ||
| GEOGRAPHY | 1106 | ||
| SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY AND VITAL STATISTICS | 1106 | ||
| INFRASTRUCTURE | 1109 | ||
| REFORM | 1112 | ||
| GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROLOGY | 1113 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1114 | ||
| Health Care in China | 1117 | ||
| Key points | 1117 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1117 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 1117 | ||
| GEOGRAPHY | 1119 | ||
| SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY AND VITAL STATISTICS | 1119 | ||
| INFRASTRUCTURE | 1119 | ||
| REFORM | 1122 | ||
| GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE 2013: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROLOGY | 1125 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1126 | ||
| Health Care in South Africa | 1129 | ||
| Key points | 1129 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 1129 | ||
| GEOGRAPHY | 1130 | ||
| SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY AND VITAL STATISTICS | 1131 | ||
| INFRASTRUCTURE | 1133 | ||
| REFORM | 1134 | ||
| AFRICAN EBOLA OUTBREAK | 1134 | ||
| GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE 2013: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROLOGY | 1135 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1136 | ||
| Quick Evidence Synopsis | 1140 | ||
| WHAT DO THE CLINICAL GUIDELINES SAY? | 1142 | ||
| AUTHOR COMMENTARY | 1142 | ||
| GLOSSARY | 1143 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1143 | ||
| APPENDIX 1: SCALES FOR MEASURING ALZHEIMER PATIENT AND CAREGIVER OUTCOMES | 1144 | ||
| Index | 1146 |