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Diffuse Lung Disease, An Issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America, E-Book

Diffuse Lung Disease, An Issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America, E-Book

Jeffrey P Kanne

(2016)

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Book Details

Abstract

This issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America focuses on Diffuse Lung Disease, and is edited by Dr. Jeffrey Kanne. Articles will include: Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: An Update; Collagen-Vascular Diseases; Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis; Acute Lung Injury; Occupational Lung Diseases; Pulmonary Vasculitis; Eosinophilic Lung Diseases; Large Airways Diseases; Small Airways Diseases; Smoking Related Lung Diseases; Pulmonary Hypertension; and more!

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Diffuse Lung Disease i
Copyright\r ii
Contributors iii
CONSULTING EDITOR iii
EDITOR iii
AUTHORS iii
Contents vii
Preface: Diffuse White Stuff in the Lungs: Challenges and Advances\r vii
Imaging of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis\r vii
Imaging of Pulmonary Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases\r vii
Imaging of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis\r vii
Clinical-Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation of Smoking-Related Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease\r viii
Current Update on Interstitial Lung Disease of Infancy: New Classification System, Diagnostic Evaluation, Imaging Algorithm .\r viii
Imaging of Occupational Lung Disease\r viii
Pulmonary Vasculitis: Spectrum of Imaging Appearances\r viii
Imaging of Acute Lung Injury\r ix
Imaging of Pulmonary Hypertension\r ix
Imaging of Eosinophilic Lung Diseases\r ix
Imaging of Small Airways Diseases\r ix
Imaging of Diseases of the Large Airways\r x
CME Accreditation Page xi
PROGRAM OBJECTIVE xi
TARGET AUDIENCE xi
LEARNING OBJECTIVES xi
ACCREDITATION xi
DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST xi
UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE xi
TO ENROLL xii
METHOD OF PARTICIPATION xii
CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS xii
RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r xiii
FORTHCOMING ISSUES xiii
January 2017 xiii
March 2017 xiii
May 2017 xiii
RECENT ISSUES xiii
September 2016 xiii
July 2016 xiii
May 2016 xiii
Preface:\rDiffuse White Stuff in the Lungs: Challenges and Advances xv
Imaging of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis 997
Key points 997
INTRODUCTION 997
CLINICAL PRESENTATION 998
IMAGING TECHNIQUE/PROTOCOLS 998
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING FINDINGS 1000
Distribution 1000
Reticulation 1001
Honeycombing 1001
Ground-Glass Opacity 1001
Other 1001
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND CORRELATION WITH PATHOLOGY 1002
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1003
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia 1003
Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis 1003
Other Entities Mimicking Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis 1003
MULTIDISCIPLINARY DIAGNOSIS OF IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS 1004
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 1005
High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Prognosis 1005
High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Established Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis 1005
Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 1006
Increased risk of pulmonary infection 1006
Spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum 1006
Increased risk of lung cancer 1006
Pulmonary hypertension 1007
High-resolution computed tomography in prognosis and longitudinal monitoring 1007
COMBINED PULMONARY FIBROSIS AND EMPHYSEMA 1008
TREATMENT 1008
WHAT REFERRING PHYSICIANS NEEDS TO KNOW 1009
SUMMARY 1009
REFERENCES 1009
Imaging of Pulmonary Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases 1015
Key points 1015
INTRODUCTION 1015
PATTERNS OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES 1016
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia 1016
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia 1016
Organizing Pneumonia 1018
Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia 1018
SPECIFIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES 1018
Rheumatoid Arthritis 1018
Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma 1021
Sjögren Syndrome 1022
Systemic Lupus Erythematosis 1023
Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis 1026
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease 1026
Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease 1027
NEWER BIOLOGIC AGENTS 1027
SUMMARY 1028
REFERENCES 1028
Imaging of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis 1033
Key points 1033
INTRODUCTION 1033
NORMAL ANATOMY AND IMAGING 1034
PATHOLOGY AND IMAGING FINDINGS 1035
Pathology 1035
Imaging 1036
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA 1038
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1040
Subacute Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis 1040
Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis 1040
PEARLS AND PITFALLS 1042
WHAT THE REFERRING PHYSICIAN NEEDS TO KNOW 1042
SUMMARY 1043
REFERENCES 1043
Clinical-Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation of Smoking-Related Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease 1047
Key points 1047
INTRODUCTION 1047
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE 1047
ACUTE EOSINOPHILIC PNEUMONIA 1052
PULMONARY LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS 1052
RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLITIS AND DESQUAMATIVE INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA 1055
SMOKING-RELATED INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS 1058
SUMMARY 1059
REFERENCES 1060
Current Update on Interstitial Lung Disease of Infancy 1065
Key points 1065
INTRODUCTION 1065
CLINICAL PRESENTATION 1067
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION 1067
Nonimaging Evaluation 1067
Imaging Evaluation 1068
SPECTRUM OF IMAGING FINDINGS 1069
Diffuse Developmental Disorders 1069
Alveolar Growth Abnormalities 1070
Surfactant Dysfunction Disorders and Related Abnormalities 1071
Disorders of Poorly Understood or Unknown Etiology 1073
Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis 1073
Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy 1073
SUMMARY 1074
REFERENCES 1074
Imaging of Occupational Lung Disease 1077
Key points 1077
OVERVIEW 1077
IMAGING IN OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASE 1077
Coal Mine Dust Lung Disease 1078
SILICOSIS 1078
COAL WORKER’S PNEUMOCONIOSIS 1080
DUST-RELATED DIFFUSE FIBROSIS 1082
MIXED-DUST PNEUMOCONIOSIS 1082
ASBESTOS-RELATED THORACIC DISEASE 1082
OTHER PNEUMOCONIOSES 1086
Siderosis 1086
Talcosis 1086
IMMUNE-MEDIATED OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASES 1088
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis 1088
Beryllium 1088
Hard Metal Disease 1090
Occupational Asthma 1091
Newer Occupational Lung Diseases 1091
REFERENCES 1092
Pulmonary Vasculitis 1097
Key points 1097
INTRODUCTION 1097
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND EVOLUTION OF CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS 1098
PULMONARY VASCULITIS 1100
Large Vessel Vasculitis 1100
Takayasu arteritis 1100
Giant cell arteritis 1101
Medium Vessel Vasculitis 1103
Small Vessel Vasculitis 1103
Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasm Antibody–Associated Vasculitis 1103
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis 1103
Imaging findings 1104
Lung findings 1104
Tracheobronchial involvement 1104
Role of imaging in follow-up 1106
Microscopic polyangiitis 1106
Imaging findings 1107
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis 1107
Imaging findings 1108
Immune Complex SVV 1109
Antiglomerular basement membrane disease 1109
Immunoglobulin A vasculitis 1109
Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis 1110
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis 1110
Variable Vessel Vasculitis 1110
Behçet disease 1110
Vasculitis Associated with Systemic Disease 1111
Vasculitis Associated with Probable Etiology 1112
DIAGNOSTIC CLUES 1112
SUMMARY 1112
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1114
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 1114
REFERENCES 1114
Imaging of Acute Lung Injury 1119
Key points 1119
INTRODUCTION 1119
CLINICAL 1119
Definitions 1119
Demographics and Causes of Acute Lung Injury 1121
Mortality 1121
Treatment 1122
PATHOLOGY 1122
IMAGING 1123
Radiographic Findings of Acute Lung Injury 1123
Computed Tomography Findings of Acute Lung Injury 1124
Role of Computed Tomography in Patients with Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 1124
The Subacute to Chronic Appearance of Acute Lung Injury 1126
SPECIFIC CAUSES OF ACUTE LUNG INJURY 1127
Acute Interstitial Pneumonia 1127
Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease 1128
Acute Fibrinous Organizing Pneumonia 1129
Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia 1129
SUMMARY 1130
REFERENCES 1131
Imaging of Pulmonary Hypertension 1133
Key points 1133
INTRODUCTION 1133
CHEST RADIOGRAPHY 1134
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 1134
VENTILATION/PERFUSION SCANNING 1135
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 1136
Computed Tomography Techniques 1136
Characterization of Pulmonary Hypertension Causes 1136
Characterization of Pulmonary Hypertension Severity 1137
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 1140
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques 1140
Characterization of Pulmonary Hypertension Causes 1141
Characterization of Pulmonary Hypertension Severity 1141
SUMMARY 1144
REFERENCES 1144
Imaging of Eosinophilic Lung Diseases 1151
Key points 1151
INTRODUCTION 1151
IMAGING PROTOCOLS 1151
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA 1152
Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia 1152
Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia 1152
Simple Pulmonary Eosinophilia 1153
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome 1154
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) 1155
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis 1155
Parasitic Infection 1157
Transient eosinophilic pulmonary pneumonia (Löffler syndrome) 1157
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia 1157
Echinococcosis 1157
Paragonimiasis 1158
Toxocariasis 1158
Drug- and Toxin-induced Eosinophilic Pneumonia 1159
RADIATION-INDUCED EOSINOPHILIC PNEUMONIA 1159
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1160
PEARLS, PITFALLS, VARIANTS 1160
WHAT THE REFERRING PHYSICIAN NEEDS TO KNOW 1160
SUMMARY 1160
REFERENCES 1161
Imaging of Small Airways Diseases 1165
Key points 1165
INTRODUCTION 1165
NORMAL ANATOMY 1165
IMAGING TECHNIQUE 1166
CLASSIFICATION OF SMALL AIRWAYS DISEASES 1167
CELLULAR BRONCHIOLITIS 1168
Aspiration Bronchiolitis 1168
Infectious Bronchiolitis 1169
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis 1170
Respiratory Bronchiolitis 1170
Follicular Bronchiolitis 1171
Diffuse Panbronchiolitis 1173
Other Exposures 1173
CONSTRICTIVE BRONCHIOLITIS 1173
Childhood Infection 1175
Lung Transplant 1175
Graft-Versus-Host Disease 1175
Inhalational Lung Disease 1175
Connective Tissue Disease 1175
Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia 1176
MIMICS 1176
Aerogenous Spread of Adenocarcinoma 1176
VASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC CAUSES OF CENTRILOBULAR NODULES 1177
Malignancy 1177
Excipient Lung Disease 1178
AIR TRAPPING MIMICS 1179
SUMMARY 1180
REFERENCES 1180
Imaging of Diseases of the Large Airways 1183
Key points 1183
INTRODUCTION 1183
NORMAL ANATOMY AND IMAGING TECHNIQUES 1183
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING PROTOCOLS 1184
Acquisition of Images 1184
Postprocessing of Images 1184
Review of Images 1185
NORMAL AND ABNORMAL APPEARANCES OF THE LARGE AIRWAYS 1186
Normal Appearances 1186
Abnormal Appearances 1187
DIFFUSE LARGE AIRWAY NARROWING: TRACHEOBRONCHOMALACIA AND SABER SHEATH TRACHEA 1187
Tracheobronchomalacia 1187
Saber Sheath Trachea 1188
TRACHEOMEGALY AND BRONCHOMEGALY 1188
Acquired Tracheomegaly and Bronchomegaly 1189
Mounier–Kuhn Syndrome 1189
Williams–Campbell Syndrome 1190
BRONCHIECTASIS 1190
Detection 1190
Morphology 1190
Distribution of Bronchiectasis 1190
Lower lung predominant 1191
Anterior, often middle lobe and lingula predominance 1191
Mid to upper lung predominant 1193
Asymmetric or focal distribution 1193
Diffuse distribution 1194
AIRWAY NARROWING AND THICKENING: NEOPLASTIC CAUSES 1194
Benign Neoplasms 1195
Malignant Neoplasms 1196
AIRWAY NARROWING AND THICKENING: NONNEOPLASTIC CAUSES 1197
SUMMARY 1201
REFERENCES 1201
Index 1205