BOOK
Ruminant Surgery, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, E-Book
Andrew J. Niehaus | David E. Anderson
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice focuses on Bovine Surgery. Article topics include: Local, regional, and spinal anesthesia in ruminants; Field sedation and anesthesia of ruminants; Respiratory Surgery; Surgery of the sinuses and eyes; Surgical procedures of the forestomachs; Surgical Management of Abomasal disease; Intestinal surgery; Surgery of the Umbilicus and Related Structures; Female reproductive surgery; Male reproductive surgery; Surgical management of the teats and udder; and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Ruminant Surgery | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface: Ruminant Surgery\r | vii | ||
| Local, Regional, and Spinal Anesthesia in Ruminants\r | vii | ||
| Field Sedation and Anesthesia of Ruminants\r | vii | ||
| Surgery of the Sinuses and Eyes\r | vii | ||
| Respiratory Surgery\r | viii | ||
| Surgery of the Forestomach\r | viii | ||
| Surgical Management of Abomasal Disease\r | viii | ||
| Intestinal Surgery\r | viii | ||
| Surgery of the Umbilicus and Related Structures\r | ix | ||
| Urolithiasis\r | ix | ||
| Surgical Procedures of the Genital Organs of Bulls\r | ix | ||
| Surgical Procedures of the Genital Organs of Cows\r | ix | ||
| Surgery of the Distal Limb\r | x | ||
| Surgical Management of Septic Arthritis\r | x | ||
| Surgical Management of Fractures and Tendons\r | x | ||
| Surgical Management of the Teat and the Udder\r | x | ||
| VETERINARY CLINICS OF\rNORTH AMERICA:\rFOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE\r | xii | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xii | ||
| March 2017 | xii | ||
| July 2017 | xii | ||
| November 2017 | xii | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xii | ||
| July 2016 | xii | ||
| March 2016 | xii | ||
| November 2015 | xii | ||
| Preface:\rRuminant Surgery | xiii | ||
| Local, Regional, and Spinal Anesthesia in Ruminants | 535 | ||
| Key points | 535 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 535 | ||
| LOCAL ANESTHETICS | 536 | ||
| ANESTHESIA FOR DEHORNING | 536 | ||
| NASAL ANESTHESIA | 537 | ||
| ANESTHESIA OF THE EYE AND EYELID AND RELAXATION OF THE ORBIT | 537 | ||
| Anesthesia of the Eyelid | 537 | ||
| Anesthesia of the Eye and Orbit and Immobilization of the Globe | 539 | ||
| Retrobulbar Block | 539 | ||
| Peterson Eye Block | 539 | ||
| ANESTHESIA FOR LAPAROTOMY | 540 | ||
| Proximal Paravertebral Nerve Block | 541 | ||
| Distal Paravertebral Nerve Block | 542 | ||
| Inverted L Block | 542 | ||
| Line Block | 543 | ||
| ANESTHESIA FOR REPRODUCTIVE PROCEDURES | 543 | ||
| Caudal Epidural | 544 | ||
| Continuous Caudal Epidural | 545 | ||
| Lumbosacral Epidural | 545 | ||
| Sacral paravertebral nerve block | 546 | ||
| Internal Pudendal Nerve Block | 546 | ||
| Dorsal Penile Nerve Block | 548 | ||
| Local Anesthetic Procedures for Castration | 548 | ||
| ANESTHESIA OF THE TEAT | 548 | ||
| Inverted V Block | 548 | ||
| Ring Block | 549 | ||
| Infusion of the Teat Cistern | 549 | ||
| ANESTHESIA OF THE DISTAL LIMB | 551 | ||
| SUMMARY | 551 | ||
| REFERENCES | 552 | ||
| Field Sedation and Anesthesia of Ruminants | 553 | ||
| Key points | 553 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 553 | ||
| CONSIDERATIONS FOR ANESTHESIA OF RUMINANTS | 554 | ||
| Fasting | 554 | ||
| Ruminal Tympany and Regurgitation | 554 | ||
| Saliva Production | 554 | ||
| Airway Protection | 555 | ||
| Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems | 555 | ||
| Musculoskeletal System | 556 | ||
| CHEMICAL RESTRAINT OF RUMINANTS | 556 | ||
| Route of Drug Administration | 557 | ||
| Intravenous administration of drugs | 557 | ||
| Drugs Commonly Used for Chemical Restraint of Ruminants | 557 | ||
| Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists | 557 | ||
| Phenothiazines | 558 | ||
| Benzodiazepines | 558 | ||
| Opioids | 558 | ||
| Standing Chemical Restraint of Adult Cattle | 559 | ||
| Acepromazine | 559 | ||
| Alpha-2 agonists | 559 | ||
| Xylazine | 559 | ||
| Detomidine | 560 | ||
| Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists combined with opioids | 560 | ||
| Combinations of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists ketamine and opioids (ketamine stun) | 560 | ||
| 5-10-20 combination | 560 | ||
| 10-20-40 and 20-40-80 combinations | 560 | ||
| Inducing Recumbency and General Anesthesia in Adult Cattle | 561 | ||
| Xylazine | 562 | ||
| Ketamine-xylazine-butorphanol | 562 | ||
| Xylazine-ketamine | 562 | ||
| Telazol–xylazine | 563 | ||
| Ketamine-xylazine-guaifenesin infusion (triple-drip) | 563 | ||
| Induction of anesthesia with triple-drip | 563 | ||
| Maintenance of anesthesia with triple-drip | 563 | ||
| Ketamine-Xylazine Infusion | 563 | ||
| Capture of Wild and Aggressive Cattle | 564 | ||
| Recovery from Recumbency and General Anesthesia in Cattle | 564 | ||
| Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists | 564 | ||
| Chemical Restraint of Small Ruminants | 566 | ||
| Acepromazine | 566 | ||
| Benzodiazepines | 566 | ||
| Benzodiazepines and butorphanol | 566 | ||
| Opioids | 566 | ||
| Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists | 567 | ||
| Xylazine and butorphanol | 567 | ||
| Xylazine and ketamine | 567 | ||
| Xylazine and Telazol | 567 | ||
| General Anesthesia of Small Ruminants | 567 | ||
| Ketamine and xylazine | 567 | ||
| Ketamine and benzodiazepines | 568 | ||
| Telazol and xylazine | 568 | ||
| Ketamine-xylazine-guaifenesin infusion (triple-drip) | 568 | ||
| REFERENCES | 568 | ||
| Surgery of the Sinuses and Eyes | 571 | ||
| Key points | 571 | ||
| PARANASAL SINUSES | 571 | ||
| CONDITIONS OF THE PARANASAL SINUSES | 572 | ||
| Sinusitis | 572 | ||
| Sinus Cyst | 575 | ||
| Fracture | 575 | ||
| TREPHINATION | 577 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 577 | ||
| Preparation and Patient Positioning | 577 | ||
| SURGICAL APPROACH AND PROCEDURE | 577 | ||
| IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 577 | ||
| OSTEOTOMY (BONE FLAP) | 579 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 579 | ||
| Preparation and Patient Positioning | 579 | ||
| SURGICAL APPROACH AND PROCEDURE: FRONTAL SINUS | 579 | ||
| SURGICAL APPROACH AND PROCEDURE: MAXILLARY SINUS | 580 | ||
| IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 581 | ||
| EYES | 582 | ||
| SURGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE EYE | 582 | ||
| Neoplasia | 582 | ||
| Ocular squamous cell carcinoma | 582 | ||
| Lymphosarcoma | 583 | ||
| Trauma | 583 | ||
| Cryotherapy | 583 | ||
| Hyperthermia | 584 | ||
| Enucleation | 585 | ||
| Laceration repair | 587 | ||
| Tarsorrhaphy | 588 | ||
| CLINICAL RESULTS | 590 | ||
| SUMMARY | 590 | ||
| REFERENCES | 590 | ||
| Respiratory Surgery | 593 | ||
| Key points | 593 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 593 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 593 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 594 | ||
| EMERGENCY PROCEDURES | 595 | ||
| Tracheotomy and Temporary Tracheostomy Tube Placement | 596 | ||
| SEDATION, LOCAL ANESTHESIA, AND GENERAL ANESTHESIA | 598 | ||
| TRAUMA | 599 | ||
| Nasal Bone Fracture | 599 | ||
| Mandibular Fracture | 600 | ||
| Pharyngeal Trauma | 601 | ||
| Pharyngotomy | 603 | ||
| Fractured Ribs and Tracheal Collapse | 603 | ||
| INFECTIOUS DISEASES | 605 | ||
| Oral Necrobacillosis (Arytenoidal Chondritis) | 605 | ||
| Permanent tracheostomy | 606 | ||
| Tracheolaryngostomy | 606 | ||
| NEOPLASIA AND MASS | 608 | ||
| Lymphoma | 608 | ||
| Nasal Polyps | 609 | ||
| Nasal or Laryngeal Granuloma | 610 | ||
| CONGENITAL DEFECT | 610 | ||
| Cleft Palate | 610 | ||
| Subepiglottic Cyst | 611 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL OBSTRUCTION | 611 | ||
| Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate | 611 | ||
| Pharyngeal Collapse | 612 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 612 | ||
| REFERENCES | 612 | ||
| Surgery of the Forestomach | 617 | ||
| Key points | 617 | ||
| SURGICAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY | 617 | ||
| PATHOLOGY OF THE FORESTOMACH | 618 | ||
| Type 1 Vagal Indigestion | 618 | ||
| Type 2 Vagal Indigestion | 619 | ||
| CLINICAL FINDINGS | 619 | ||
| NONSURGICAL THERAPY | 620 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUES | 621 | ||
| Left Flank Celiotomy | 621 | ||
| Rumenotomy | 621 | ||
| Rumenostomy | 624 | ||
| Rumen Cannulation | 625 | ||
| One-stage rumen cannulation | 625 | ||
| Two-stage rumen cannulation | 626 | ||
| Omasal Impaction | 627 | ||
| Omasal Dilatation and Displacement | 627 | ||
| PERIOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 627 | ||
| SUMMARY | 628 | ||
| REFERENCES | 628 | ||
| Surgical Management of Abomasal Disease | 629 | ||
| Key points | 629 | ||
| ABOMASAL DISPLACEMENTS | 629 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS OF ABOMASAL DISPLACEMENTS | 630 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 631 | ||
| Diagnosis | 632 | ||
| MEDICAL THERAPY | 633 | ||
| SURGICAL THERAPY | 634 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Approaches | 637 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF ABOMASAL FIXATION | 639 | ||
| ABOMASAL ULCERS | 639 | ||
| Other Abomasal Surgery | 640 | ||
| SUMMARY | 641 | ||
| REFERENCES | 641 | ||
| Intestinal Surgery | 645 | ||
| Key points | 645 | ||
| DECISION-MAKING | 645 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 646 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF BOVINE INTESTINAL SURGERY | 647 | ||
| Enterectomy | 648 | ||
| Enterotomy | 650 | ||
| GENERAL GUIDELINE FOR POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT | 651 | ||
| Duodenum Outflow Problems | 651 | ||
| Clinical Signs | 651 | ||
| Clinical Pathologic Findings | 652 | ||
| Surgery | 652 | ||
| INTUSSUSCEPTION | 654 | ||
| Clinical Signs | 654 | ||
| Clinical Pathologic Findings | 655 | ||
| Diagnosis | 655 | ||
| Treatment | 656 | ||
| Prognosis | 657 | ||
| HEMORRHAGIC JEJUNAL SYNDROME | 657 | ||
| Clinical Signs | 658 | ||
| Clinical Pathologic Findings | 658 | ||
| Diagnostics | 658 | ||
| Treatment | 658 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Prognosis | 660 | ||
| INTESTINAL VOLVULUS | 661 | ||
| Clinical Signs | 662 | ||
| Clinical Pathologic Findings | 663 | ||
| Diagnosis | 663 | ||
| Treatment | 663 | ||
| Prognosis | 664 | ||
| TRICHOBEZOARS | 664 | ||
| Clinical Signs | 664 | ||
| Clinical Pathologic Findings | 665 | ||
| Diagnosis | 665 | ||
| Treatment | 665 | ||
| Prognosis | 666 | ||
| INCARCERATION, ENTRAPMENT, INTERNAL HERNIATION | 666 | ||
| REFERENCES | 667 | ||
| Surgery of the Umbilicus and Related Structures | 673 | ||
| Key points | 673 | ||
| UMBILICAL REMNANTS | 674 | ||
| EXAMINATION AND CLASSIFICATION | 675 | ||
| ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION | 675 | ||
| RESTRAINT | 676 | ||
| INCISION AND CLOSURE | 677 | ||
| SIMPLE HERNIAS | 679 | ||
| OMPHALOPHLEBITIS | 680 | ||
| URACHUS | 680 | ||
| OMPHALOARTERITIS | 682 | ||
| UMBILICAL ABSCESS | 682 | ||
| OTHER CONDITIONS | 682 | ||
| SUMMARY | 684 | ||
| REFERENCES | 684 | ||
| Urolithiasis | 687 | ||
| Key points | 687 | ||
| RISK FACTORS AND UROLITH COMPOSITION | 687 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 688 | ||
| ANCILLARY DIAGNOSTIC TESTS | 688 | ||
| INITIAL CARE | 689 | ||
| TREATMENT | 690 | ||
| Cystocentesis and Bladder Irrigation with an Acidic Solution | 692 | ||
| TUBE CYSTOSTOMY | 692 | ||
| Percutaneous | 692 | ||
| Laparoscopic | 693 | ||
| Laparotomy | 693 | ||
| Bladder Marsupialization | 695 | ||
| PREPUBIC URETHROSTOMY | 696 | ||
| PERINEAL URETHROSTOMY | 696 | ||
| PRESCROTAL URETHROTOMY | 697 | ||
| Urethroscopy and Laser Lithotripsy | 697 | ||
| Vesicopreputial Anastomosis | 697 | ||
| Penile Amputation | 698 | ||
| REFERENCES | 698 | ||
| Surgical Procedures of the Genital Organs of Bulls | 701 | ||
| Key points | 701 | ||
| PRESURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS | 701 | ||
| Examination of the Genital Organs of the Bull | 701 | ||
| SURGERY OF THE PREPUCE AND PENIS | 703 | ||
| Management of Preputial Injuries | 703 | ||
| Preputial amputation | 707 | ||
| Reefing | 707 | ||
| Preputial stoma | 709 | ||
| Penile Fibropapilloma | 710 | ||
| Persistent Frenulum | 711 | ||
| Penile Hematoma | 711 | ||
| Penile Deviation | 713 | ||
| Vascular Shunts | 717 | ||
| Penile–Prepuce Translocation | 717 | ||
| SURGERY OF THE EPIDIDYMIS AND TESTES | 720 | ||
| Caudal Epididymectomy | 720 | ||
| Cryptorchidism | 721 | ||
| Unilateral orchidectomy | 721 | ||
| SURGERY OF THE ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS | 723 | ||
| Seminal Vesiculitis | 723 | ||
| REFERENCES | 723 | ||
| Surgical Procedures of the Genital Organs of Cows | 727 | ||
| Key points | 727 | ||
| PRESURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS | 727 | ||
| History | 727 | ||
| Examination of the Genital Organs of the Cow | 727 | ||
| Surgery of the Vestibule, Vagina, and Cervix | 729 | ||
| Episiotomy | 729 | ||
| Pneumovagina | 730 | ||
| Urovagina | 731 | ||
| Rectovestibular laceration and fistula | 734 | ||
| Vaginal eversion | 735 | ||
| Short-term options | 738 | ||
| Caslick vulvoplasty | 738 | ||
| Insertion of a perivulvar retention stitch (Buhner stitch) | 739 | ||
| Bootlace technique | 740 | ||
| Horizontal mattress suture (Halstead) technique | 740 | ||
| Deep vertical mattress suture technique | 741 | ||
| Surgery of the Uterus and Ovaries | 742 | ||
| Uterine eversion | 742 | ||
| Uterine amputation | 745 | ||
| Ovariectomy | 746 | ||
| Vaginal approach | 747 | ||
| Flank approach | 748 | ||
| REFERENCES | 749 | ||
| Surgery of the Distal Limb | 753 | ||
| Key points | 753 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 753 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 755 | ||
| INSTRUMENTS | 755 | ||
| SURGICAL PREPARATION | 756 | ||
| AFTERCARE | 757 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 758 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF INJURIES | 758 | ||
| RESECTION OF THE APEX OF THE PEDAL BONE | 759 | ||
| SEQUESTRA OF THE PEDAL BONE | 761 | ||
| NON-HEALING CLAW LESIONS | 761 | ||
| RESECTION OF THE DISTAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT | 762 | ||
| RESECTION OF BOTH FLEXOR TENDONS WITHIN THE COMMON DIGITAL FLEXOR TENDON SHEATH | 763 | ||
| CLAW AMPUTATION | 765 | ||
| FRACTURES AND LUXATIONS | 766 | ||
| RESECTION OF THE PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT OR THE FETLOCK JOINT | 769 | ||
| SUMMARY | 770 | ||
| REFERENCES | 770 | ||
| Surgical Management of Septic Arthritis | 777 | ||
| Key points | 777 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 777 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 778 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 779 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 779 | ||
| Medical Imaging | 780 | ||
| CLINICAL PATHOLOGY | 781 | ||
| MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS | 783 | ||
| ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY | 786 | ||
| CONTROL OF THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS | 788 | ||
| PAIN MANAGEMENT | 788 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS | 789 | ||
| Tidal Irrigation | 789 | ||
| Through-and-through Lavage | 789 | ||
| Arthrotomy | 790 | ||
| Arthroscopy | 791 | ||
| ARTHRODESIS/FACILITATED ANKYLOSIS | 791 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 791 | ||
| SUMMARY | 792 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 792 | ||
| REFERENCES | 793 | ||
| Surgical Management of Fractures and Tendons | 797 | ||
| Key points | 797 | ||
| FRACTURES | 797 | ||
| EMERGENCY TREATMENT | 798 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING | 799 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF REPAIR | 799 | ||
| EXTERNAL SKELETAL FIXATION | 800 | ||
| Advantages | 801 | ||
| Disadvantages | 801 | ||
| Technique | 802 | ||
| TRANSFIXATION PIN CASTS | 803 | ||
| TENDON SURGERY | 804 | ||
| FLEXOR TENDON CONTRACTURE | 804 | ||
| SPASTIC PARESIS | 805 | ||
| SEPTIC TENOSYNOVITIS | 808 | ||
| SUMMARY | 810 | ||
| REFERENCES | 810 | ||
| Surgical Management of the Teat and the Udder | 813 | ||
| Key points | 813 | ||
| ANATOMY OF THE TEAT AND THE UDDER | 813 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF SURGICAL CONDITIONS | 814 | ||
| Clinical Examination | 814 | ||
| Ultrasonography of the Teat and the Udder | 815 | ||
| Radiography of the Teat | 816 | ||
| Theloscopy | 816 | ||
| RESTRAIN AND ANESTHESIA | 816 | ||
| TRAUMATIC TEAT LACERATIONS | 817 | ||
| Defining the Laceration | 817 | ||
| Surgical Repair of Teat Laceration | 817 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 819 | ||
| Complications | 820 | ||
| CONGENITAL DISORDERS | 820 | ||
| Atresia | 821 | ||
| Conjoined Supernumerary Teat | 821 | ||
| MILK OUTFLOW DISTURBANCES | 824 | ||
| Diagnosis | 824 | ||
| Parietal Fibrosis | 825 | ||
| Fibrosis of the Streak Canal and the Rosette of Fürstenberg | 827 | ||
| Surgical Excision of Intracisternal Masses | 829 | ||
| Surgical Correction of Varicose Vein | 830 | ||
| MASTECTOMY | 830 | ||
| REFERENCES | 831 | ||
| Index | 833 |