BOOK
Ruminant Surgery, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, E-Book
Andrew J. Niehaus | David E. Anderson
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice focuses on Bovine Surgery. Article topics include: Local, regional, and spinal anesthesia in ruminants; Field sedation and anesthesia of ruminants; Respiratory Surgery; Surgery of the sinuses and eyes; Surgical procedures of the forestomachs; Surgical Management of Abomasal disease; Intestinal surgery; Surgery of the Umbilicus and Related Structures; Female reproductive surgery; Male reproductive surgery; Surgical management of the teats and udder; and more!
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Cover | ||
Ruminant Surgery | i | ||
Copyright\r | ii | ||
Contributors | iii | ||
CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
EDITORS | iii | ||
AUTHORS | iii | ||
Contents | vii | ||
Preface: Ruminant Surgery\r | vii | ||
Local, Regional, and Spinal Anesthesia in Ruminants\r | vii | ||
Field Sedation and Anesthesia of Ruminants\r | vii | ||
Surgery of the Sinuses and Eyes\r | vii | ||
Respiratory Surgery\r | viii | ||
Surgery of the Forestomach\r | viii | ||
Surgical Management of Abomasal Disease\r | viii | ||
Intestinal Surgery\r | viii | ||
Surgery of the Umbilicus and Related Structures\r | ix | ||
Urolithiasis\r | ix | ||
Surgical Procedures of the Genital Organs of Bulls\r | ix | ||
Surgical Procedures of the Genital Organs of Cows\r | ix | ||
Surgery of the Distal Limb\r | x | ||
Surgical Management of Septic Arthritis\r | x | ||
Surgical Management of Fractures and Tendons\r | x | ||
Surgical Management of the Teat and the Udder\r | x | ||
VETERINARY CLINICS OF\rNORTH AMERICA:\rFOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE\r | xii | ||
FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xii | ||
March 2017 | xii | ||
July 2017 | xii | ||
November 2017 | xii | ||
RECENT ISSUES | xii | ||
July 2016 | xii | ||
March 2016 | xii | ||
November 2015 | xii | ||
Preface:\rRuminant Surgery | xiii | ||
Local, Regional, and Spinal Anesthesia in Ruminants | 535 | ||
Key points | 535 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 535 | ||
LOCAL ANESTHETICS | 536 | ||
ANESTHESIA FOR DEHORNING | 536 | ||
NASAL ANESTHESIA | 537 | ||
ANESTHESIA OF THE EYE AND EYELID AND RELAXATION OF THE ORBIT | 537 | ||
Anesthesia of the Eyelid | 537 | ||
Anesthesia of the Eye and Orbit and Immobilization of the Globe | 539 | ||
Retrobulbar Block | 539 | ||
Peterson Eye Block | 539 | ||
ANESTHESIA FOR LAPAROTOMY | 540 | ||
Proximal Paravertebral Nerve Block | 541 | ||
Distal Paravertebral Nerve Block | 542 | ||
Inverted L Block | 542 | ||
Line Block | 543 | ||
ANESTHESIA FOR REPRODUCTIVE PROCEDURES | 543 | ||
Caudal Epidural | 544 | ||
Continuous Caudal Epidural | 545 | ||
Lumbosacral Epidural | 545 | ||
Sacral paravertebral nerve block | 546 | ||
Internal Pudendal Nerve Block | 546 | ||
Dorsal Penile Nerve Block | 548 | ||
Local Anesthetic Procedures for Castration | 548 | ||
ANESTHESIA OF THE TEAT | 548 | ||
Inverted V Block | 548 | ||
Ring Block | 549 | ||
Infusion of the Teat Cistern | 549 | ||
ANESTHESIA OF THE DISTAL LIMB | 551 | ||
SUMMARY | 551 | ||
REFERENCES | 552 | ||
Field Sedation and Anesthesia of Ruminants | 553 | ||
Key points | 553 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 553 | ||
CONSIDERATIONS FOR ANESTHESIA OF RUMINANTS | 554 | ||
Fasting | 554 | ||
Ruminal Tympany and Regurgitation | 554 | ||
Saliva Production | 554 | ||
Airway Protection | 555 | ||
Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems | 555 | ||
Musculoskeletal System | 556 | ||
CHEMICAL RESTRAINT OF RUMINANTS | 556 | ||
Route of Drug Administration | 557 | ||
Intravenous administration of drugs | 557 | ||
Drugs Commonly Used for Chemical Restraint of Ruminants | 557 | ||
Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists | 557 | ||
Phenothiazines | 558 | ||
Benzodiazepines | 558 | ||
Opioids | 558 | ||
Standing Chemical Restraint of Adult Cattle | 559 | ||
Acepromazine | 559 | ||
Alpha-2 agonists | 559 | ||
Xylazine | 559 | ||
Detomidine | 560 | ||
Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists combined with opioids | 560 | ||
Combinations of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists ketamine and opioids (ketamine stun) | 560 | ||
5-10-20 combination | 560 | ||
10-20-40 and 20-40-80 combinations | 560 | ||
Inducing Recumbency and General Anesthesia in Adult Cattle | 561 | ||
Xylazine | 562 | ||
Ketamine-xylazine-butorphanol | 562 | ||
Xylazine-ketamine | 562 | ||
Telazol–xylazine | 563 | ||
Ketamine-xylazine-guaifenesin infusion (triple-drip) | 563 | ||
Induction of anesthesia with triple-drip | 563 | ||
Maintenance of anesthesia with triple-drip | 563 | ||
Ketamine-Xylazine Infusion | 563 | ||
Capture of Wild and Aggressive Cattle | 564 | ||
Recovery from Recumbency and General Anesthesia in Cattle | 564 | ||
Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists | 564 | ||
Chemical Restraint of Small Ruminants | 566 | ||
Acepromazine | 566 | ||
Benzodiazepines | 566 | ||
Benzodiazepines and butorphanol | 566 | ||
Opioids | 566 | ||
Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists | 567 | ||
Xylazine and butorphanol | 567 | ||
Xylazine and ketamine | 567 | ||
Xylazine and Telazol | 567 | ||
General Anesthesia of Small Ruminants | 567 | ||
Ketamine and xylazine | 567 | ||
Ketamine and benzodiazepines | 568 | ||
Telazol and xylazine | 568 | ||
Ketamine-xylazine-guaifenesin infusion (triple-drip) | 568 | ||
REFERENCES | 568 | ||
Surgery of the Sinuses and Eyes | 571 | ||
Key points | 571 | ||
PARANASAL SINUSES | 571 | ||
CONDITIONS OF THE PARANASAL SINUSES | 572 | ||
Sinusitis | 572 | ||
Sinus Cyst | 575 | ||
Fracture | 575 | ||
TREPHINATION | 577 | ||
Preoperative Planning | 577 | ||
Preparation and Patient Positioning | 577 | ||
SURGICAL APPROACH AND PROCEDURE | 577 | ||
IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 577 | ||
OSTEOTOMY (BONE FLAP) | 579 | ||
Preoperative Planning | 579 | ||
Preparation and Patient Positioning | 579 | ||
SURGICAL APPROACH AND PROCEDURE: FRONTAL SINUS | 579 | ||
SURGICAL APPROACH AND PROCEDURE: MAXILLARY SINUS | 580 | ||
IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 581 | ||
EYES | 582 | ||
SURGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE EYE | 582 | ||
Neoplasia | 582 | ||
Ocular squamous cell carcinoma | 582 | ||
Lymphosarcoma | 583 | ||
Trauma | 583 | ||
Cryotherapy | 583 | ||
Hyperthermia | 584 | ||
Enucleation | 585 | ||
Laceration repair | 587 | ||
Tarsorrhaphy | 588 | ||
CLINICAL RESULTS | 590 | ||
SUMMARY | 590 | ||
REFERENCES | 590 | ||
Respiratory Surgery | 593 | ||
Key points | 593 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 593 | ||
CLINICAL SIGNS | 593 | ||
DIAGNOSIS | 594 | ||
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES | 595 | ||
Tracheotomy and Temporary Tracheostomy Tube Placement | 596 | ||
SEDATION, LOCAL ANESTHESIA, AND GENERAL ANESTHESIA | 598 | ||
TRAUMA | 599 | ||
Nasal Bone Fracture | 599 | ||
Mandibular Fracture | 600 | ||
Pharyngeal Trauma | 601 | ||
Pharyngotomy | 603 | ||
Fractured Ribs and Tracheal Collapse | 603 | ||
INFECTIOUS DISEASES | 605 | ||
Oral Necrobacillosis (Arytenoidal Chondritis) | 605 | ||
Permanent tracheostomy | 606 | ||
Tracheolaryngostomy | 606 | ||
NEOPLASIA AND MASS | 608 | ||
Lymphoma | 608 | ||
Nasal Polyps | 609 | ||
Nasal or Laryngeal Granuloma | 610 | ||
CONGENITAL DEFECT | 610 | ||
Cleft Palate | 610 | ||
Subepiglottic Cyst | 611 | ||
FUNCTIONAL OBSTRUCTION | 611 | ||
Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate | 611 | ||
Pharyngeal Collapse | 612 | ||
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 612 | ||
REFERENCES | 612 | ||
Surgery of the Forestomach | 617 | ||
Key points | 617 | ||
SURGICAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY | 617 | ||
PATHOLOGY OF THE FORESTOMACH | 618 | ||
Type 1 Vagal Indigestion | 618 | ||
Type 2 Vagal Indigestion | 619 | ||
CLINICAL FINDINGS | 619 | ||
NONSURGICAL THERAPY | 620 | ||
SURGICAL TECHNIQUES | 621 | ||
Left Flank Celiotomy | 621 | ||
Rumenotomy | 621 | ||
Rumenostomy | 624 | ||
Rumen Cannulation | 625 | ||
One-stage rumen cannulation | 625 | ||
Two-stage rumen cannulation | 626 | ||
Omasal Impaction | 627 | ||
Omasal Dilatation and Displacement | 627 | ||
PERIOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 627 | ||
SUMMARY | 628 | ||
REFERENCES | 628 | ||
Surgical Management of Abomasal Disease | 629 | ||
Key points | 629 | ||
ABOMASAL DISPLACEMENTS | 629 | ||
PATHOGENESIS OF ABOMASAL DISPLACEMENTS | 630 | ||
PROGNOSIS | 631 | ||
Diagnosis | 632 | ||
MEDICAL THERAPY | 633 | ||
SURGICAL THERAPY | 634 | ||
Minimally Invasive Approaches | 637 | ||
POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF ABOMASAL FIXATION | 639 | ||
ABOMASAL ULCERS | 639 | ||
Other Abomasal Surgery | 640 | ||
SUMMARY | 641 | ||
REFERENCES | 641 | ||
Intestinal Surgery | 645 | ||
Key points | 645 | ||
DECISION-MAKING | 645 | ||
PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 646 | ||
PRINCIPLES OF BOVINE INTESTINAL SURGERY | 647 | ||
Enterectomy | 648 | ||
Enterotomy | 650 | ||
GENERAL GUIDELINE FOR POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT | 651 | ||
Duodenum Outflow Problems | 651 | ||
Clinical Signs | 651 | ||
Clinical Pathologic Findings | 652 | ||
Surgery | 652 | ||
INTUSSUSCEPTION | 654 | ||
Clinical Signs | 654 | ||
Clinical Pathologic Findings | 655 | ||
Diagnosis | 655 | ||
Treatment | 656 | ||
Prognosis | 657 | ||
HEMORRHAGIC JEJUNAL SYNDROME | 657 | ||
Clinical Signs | 658 | ||
Clinical Pathologic Findings | 658 | ||
Diagnostics | 658 | ||
Treatment | 658 | ||
Postoperative Care and Prognosis | 660 | ||
INTESTINAL VOLVULUS | 661 | ||
Clinical Signs | 662 | ||
Clinical Pathologic Findings | 663 | ||
Diagnosis | 663 | ||
Treatment | 663 | ||
Prognosis | 664 | ||
TRICHOBEZOARS | 664 | ||
Clinical Signs | 664 | ||
Clinical Pathologic Findings | 665 | ||
Diagnosis | 665 | ||
Treatment | 665 | ||
Prognosis | 666 | ||
INCARCERATION, ENTRAPMENT, INTERNAL HERNIATION | 666 | ||
REFERENCES | 667 | ||
Surgery of the Umbilicus and Related Structures | 673 | ||
Key points | 673 | ||
UMBILICAL REMNANTS | 674 | ||
EXAMINATION AND CLASSIFICATION | 675 | ||
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION | 675 | ||
RESTRAINT | 676 | ||
INCISION AND CLOSURE | 677 | ||
SIMPLE HERNIAS | 679 | ||
OMPHALOPHLEBITIS | 680 | ||
URACHUS | 680 | ||
OMPHALOARTERITIS | 682 | ||
UMBILICAL ABSCESS | 682 | ||
OTHER CONDITIONS | 682 | ||
SUMMARY | 684 | ||
REFERENCES | 684 | ||
Urolithiasis | 687 | ||
Key points | 687 | ||
RISK FACTORS AND UROLITH COMPOSITION | 687 | ||
CLINICAL SIGNS | 688 | ||
ANCILLARY DIAGNOSTIC TESTS | 688 | ||
INITIAL CARE | 689 | ||
TREATMENT | 690 | ||
Cystocentesis and Bladder Irrigation with an Acidic Solution | 692 | ||
TUBE CYSTOSTOMY | 692 | ||
Percutaneous | 692 | ||
Laparoscopic | 693 | ||
Laparotomy | 693 | ||
Bladder Marsupialization | 695 | ||
PREPUBIC URETHROSTOMY | 696 | ||
PERINEAL URETHROSTOMY | 696 | ||
PRESCROTAL URETHROTOMY | 697 | ||
Urethroscopy and Laser Lithotripsy | 697 | ||
Vesicopreputial Anastomosis | 697 | ||
Penile Amputation | 698 | ||
REFERENCES | 698 | ||
Surgical Procedures of the Genital Organs of Bulls | 701 | ||
Key points | 701 | ||
PRESURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS | 701 | ||
Examination of the Genital Organs of the Bull | 701 | ||
SURGERY OF THE PREPUCE AND PENIS | 703 | ||
Management of Preputial Injuries | 703 | ||
Preputial amputation | 707 | ||
Reefing | 707 | ||
Preputial stoma | 709 | ||
Penile Fibropapilloma | 710 | ||
Persistent Frenulum | 711 | ||
Penile Hematoma | 711 | ||
Penile Deviation | 713 | ||
Vascular Shunts | 717 | ||
Penile–Prepuce Translocation | 717 | ||
SURGERY OF THE EPIDIDYMIS AND TESTES | 720 | ||
Caudal Epididymectomy | 720 | ||
Cryptorchidism | 721 | ||
Unilateral orchidectomy | 721 | ||
SURGERY OF THE ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS | 723 | ||
Seminal Vesiculitis | 723 | ||
REFERENCES | 723 | ||
Surgical Procedures of the Genital Organs of Cows | 727 | ||
Key points | 727 | ||
PRESURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS | 727 | ||
History | 727 | ||
Examination of the Genital Organs of the Cow | 727 | ||
Surgery of the Vestibule, Vagina, and Cervix | 729 | ||
Episiotomy | 729 | ||
Pneumovagina | 730 | ||
Urovagina | 731 | ||
Rectovestibular laceration and fistula | 734 | ||
Vaginal eversion | 735 | ||
Short-term options | 738 | ||
Caslick vulvoplasty | 738 | ||
Insertion of a perivulvar retention stitch (Buhner stitch) | 739 | ||
Bootlace technique | 740 | ||
Horizontal mattress suture (Halstead) technique | 740 | ||
Deep vertical mattress suture technique | 741 | ||
Surgery of the Uterus and Ovaries | 742 | ||
Uterine eversion | 742 | ||
Uterine amputation | 745 | ||
Ovariectomy | 746 | ||
Vaginal approach | 747 | ||
Flank approach | 748 | ||
REFERENCES | 749 | ||
Surgery of the Distal Limb | 753 | ||
Key points | 753 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 753 | ||
INDICATIONS | 755 | ||
INSTRUMENTS | 755 | ||
SURGICAL PREPARATION | 756 | ||
AFTERCARE | 757 | ||
COMPLICATIONS | 758 | ||
MANAGEMENT OF INJURIES | 758 | ||
RESECTION OF THE APEX OF THE PEDAL BONE | 759 | ||
SEQUESTRA OF THE PEDAL BONE | 761 | ||
NON-HEALING CLAW LESIONS | 761 | ||
RESECTION OF THE DISTAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT | 762 | ||
RESECTION OF BOTH FLEXOR TENDONS WITHIN THE COMMON DIGITAL FLEXOR TENDON SHEATH | 763 | ||
CLAW AMPUTATION | 765 | ||
FRACTURES AND LUXATIONS | 766 | ||
RESECTION OF THE PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT OR THE FETLOCK JOINT | 769 | ||
SUMMARY | 770 | ||
REFERENCES | 770 | ||
Surgical Management of Septic Arthritis | 777 | ||
Key points | 777 | ||
ETIOLOGY | 777 | ||
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 778 | ||
DIAGNOSIS | 779 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 779 | ||
Medical Imaging | 780 | ||
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY | 781 | ||
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS | 783 | ||
ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY | 786 | ||
CONTROL OF THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS | 788 | ||
PAIN MANAGEMENT | 788 | ||
SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS | 789 | ||
Tidal Irrigation | 789 | ||
Through-and-through Lavage | 789 | ||
Arthrotomy | 790 | ||
Arthroscopy | 791 | ||
ARTHRODESIS/FACILITATED ANKYLOSIS | 791 | ||
PROGNOSIS | 791 | ||
SUMMARY | 792 | ||
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 792 | ||
REFERENCES | 793 | ||
Surgical Management of Fractures and Tendons | 797 | ||
Key points | 797 | ||
FRACTURES | 797 | ||
EMERGENCY TREATMENT | 798 | ||
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING | 799 | ||
PRINCIPLES OF REPAIR | 799 | ||
EXTERNAL SKELETAL FIXATION | 800 | ||
Advantages | 801 | ||
Disadvantages | 801 | ||
Technique | 802 | ||
TRANSFIXATION PIN CASTS | 803 | ||
TENDON SURGERY | 804 | ||
FLEXOR TENDON CONTRACTURE | 804 | ||
SPASTIC PARESIS | 805 | ||
SEPTIC TENOSYNOVITIS | 808 | ||
SUMMARY | 810 | ||
REFERENCES | 810 | ||
Surgical Management of the Teat and the Udder | 813 | ||
Key points | 813 | ||
ANATOMY OF THE TEAT AND THE UDDER | 813 | ||
DIAGNOSIS OF SURGICAL CONDITIONS | 814 | ||
Clinical Examination | 814 | ||
Ultrasonography of the Teat and the Udder | 815 | ||
Radiography of the Teat | 816 | ||
Theloscopy | 816 | ||
RESTRAIN AND ANESTHESIA | 816 | ||
TRAUMATIC TEAT LACERATIONS | 817 | ||
Defining the Laceration | 817 | ||
Surgical Repair of Teat Laceration | 817 | ||
Postoperative Care | 819 | ||
Complications | 820 | ||
CONGENITAL DISORDERS | 820 | ||
Atresia | 821 | ||
Conjoined Supernumerary Teat | 821 | ||
MILK OUTFLOW DISTURBANCES | 824 | ||
Diagnosis | 824 | ||
Parietal Fibrosis | 825 | ||
Fibrosis of the Streak Canal and the Rosette of Fürstenberg | 827 | ||
Surgical Excision of Intracisternal Masses | 829 | ||
Surgical Correction of Varicose Vein | 830 | ||
MASTECTOMY | 830 | ||
REFERENCES | 831 | ||
Index | 833 |