BOOK
Pharmacology Handbook for Physiotherapists
Jackie Reznik | Ofer Keren | Joanne Morris | Iftah Biran
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Endorsed by Australian Physiotherapy Association! APA is the national body for physiotherapy in Australia and is a not for profit membership organisation with 24.4K members. The APA and Elsevier work together on reviewing and endorsing physiotherapy publications that are then promoted to the membership.
Pharmacology Handbook for Physiotherapists is an essential quick-reference guide to common medications, designed specifically for student and professional physiotherapists to assist in their everyday practice. Providing practical and accessible evidence-based information, the handbook will equip physiotherapists with the right knowledge to maximise the benefit of pharmacology and physiotherapy treatments. Written by a multidisciplinary team of specialists, the text is designed to be comprehensive and easy-to-read, set out by body system format to allow quick retrieval of useful information related to the particular condition and medications involved.
- Written specifically for physiotherapists to assist their understanding of pharmacology principles in conjunction with physiotherapy treatment
- Each chapter is written by 3 experts in their field: a physiotherapist, a physician and a pharmacist
- ‘Physiotherapy practice points’ explain the effects that drugs may have on treatment and provide valuable information on the actions of medications and how this interacts with physiotherapy treatment
- 11 chapters covering basic pharmacology principles, legal and ethical issues, the body systems, women and men’s health, as well as a final chapter on medication issues in the young and elderly
- Includes eBook version on VitalSource
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Pharmacology Handbook for Physiotherapists | i | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Table Of Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword | ix | ||
| Preface/How to use this book | x | ||
| About the editors | xi | ||
| Contributors | xii | ||
| Reviewers | xv | ||
| Acknowledgements | xvi | ||
| 1 Introduction and background concepts | 1 | ||
| Overview | 1 | ||
| Introduction | 1 | ||
| Legal and ethical issues | 3 | ||
| National and state legislation | 3 | ||
| Registration | 4 | ||
| Continuing professional development | 5 | ||
| Funding and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme | 5 | ||
| Grey areas in physiotherapy prescribing in Australia | 5 | ||
| Provision of information in relation to medicines | 6 | ||
| Quality Use of Medicines | 7 | ||
| Basic pharmacology and pharmacokinetic concepts | 7 | ||
| Pharmacology concepts | 7 | ||
| Pharmacokinetic concepts | 9 | ||
| Absorption | 9 | ||
| Distribution | 10 | ||
| Metabolism | 10 | ||
| Elimination | 11 | ||
| Pharmacokinetic parameters | 11 | ||
| Administration and monitoring of medications | 13 | ||
| Bioavailability | 13 | ||
| Routes of administration | 13 | ||
| Dose and timing of medications | 14 | ||
| Injection therapies | 15 | ||
| Joint and soft-tissue injection | 15 | ||
| Therapeutic injections | 15 | ||
| Nerve blocks (neurolysis) | 15 | ||
| Polypharmacy | 16 | ||
| Monitoring of medications | 17 | ||
| Unwanted medications | 18 | ||
| Physiology of the autonomic nervous system | 19 | ||
| References | 25 | ||
| 2 Cardiovascular system | 27 | ||
| Overview | 27 | ||
| Objectives | 27 | ||
| Introduction | 28 | ||
| Overview of general factors affecting choice of medication | 28 | ||
| Heart disease | 30 | ||
| Coronary artery disease and angina (stable and unstable) | 30 | ||
| Pharmacological management for CAD and angina | 31 | ||
| Nitrates | 31 | ||
| Dyslipidaemia | 32 | ||
| Antiplatelet agents | 32 | ||
| Beta-blockers | 32 | ||
| Dysrhythmias | 34 | ||
| Heart failure | 36 | ||
| Abnormal blood pressure | 37 | ||
| Hypertension | 37 | ||
| Pulmonary hypertension | 38 | ||
| Hypotension | 40 | ||
| References | 44 | ||
| 3 Respiratory system | 46 | ||
| Overview | 46 | ||
| Objectives | 46 | ||
| Introduction | 47 | ||
| Overview of general factors affecting choice of medication | 47 | ||
| Chronic respiratory disorders | 49 | ||
| Asthma | 49 | ||
| Pharmacological management for asthma | 49 | ||
| Symptom relievers | 50 | ||
| Short-acting beta agonists (SABAs): salbutamol and terbutaline: | 50 | ||
| Short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA): ipratropium: | 50 | ||
| Symptom controllers | 51 | ||
| Long-acting beta agonists (LABAs): eformeterol, salmeterol, indacaterol, vilanterol: | 51 | ||
| Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs): aclidinium, glycopyrronium, tiotropium, umeclidinium: | 51 | ||
| Preventers | 51 | ||
| Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS): beclomethasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, fluticasone: | 51 | ||
| Non-corticosteroid preventers: montelukast, cromones and omalizumab: | 52 | ||
| Montelukast: | 53 | ||
| Cromones: cromoglycate, nedocromil: | 53 | ||
| Omalizumab: | 53 | ||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 54 | ||
| Pharmacological management of COPD | 54 | ||
| Symptom relievers | 54 | ||
| Short-acting beta agonists (SABA): salbutamol and terbutaline and short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA): ipratropium: | 54 | ||
| Symptom controllers | 55 | ||
| Long-acting beta agonists (LABAs): eformeterol, salmeterol, indacaterol, vilanterol: | 55 | ||
| Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs): aclidinium, glycopyrronium, tiotropium, umeclidinium: | 56 | ||
| Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS): beclomethasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, fluticasone: | 56 | ||
| Theophylline: | 57 | ||
| Conditions associated with pulmonary secretions | 58 | ||
| Cough | 58 | ||
| Pharmacological management for cough | 58 | ||
| Opioid cough suppressants: codeine, dextromethorphan, dihydrocodeine | 58 | ||
| Expectorants: guaifenesin, ammonia salts, senega, sodium citrate | 58 | ||
| Mucolytics: bromhexine, acetylcysteine | 59 | ||
| Mucus production in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis | 59 | ||
| Pharmacological management for mucus production in CF | 60 | ||
| Mucolytics | 60 | ||
| Dornase alpha: | 60 | ||
| Hypertonic saline: | 60 | ||
| Mannitol: | 60 | ||
| Anti-inflammatory agents | 60 | ||
| Severe respiratory decompensation and end-of-life respiratory symptoms | 61 | ||
| Severe acute respiratory illness | 61 | ||
| Pharmacological management for severe acute respiratory illness | 61 | ||
| Systemic corticosteroids | 61 | ||
| Intravenous bronchodilators | 62 | ||
| Nebulised prostacyclins | 63 | ||
| Antibiotic therapy | 63 | ||
| End-of-life respiratory symptoms | 65 | ||
| Glycopyrrolate | 65 | ||
| Morphine | 70 | ||
| References | 70 | ||
| 4 Women’s and men’s health | 72 | ||
| Overview | 72 | ||
| Objectives | 72 | ||
| Introduction | 73 | ||
| Conditions of the child-bearing year | 75 | ||
| Common antenatal problems | 75 | ||
| Pelvic girdle pain | 75 | ||
| Definition | 75 | ||
| Clinical features | 75 | ||
| Clinical significance | 75 | ||
| Pharmacological management | 75 | ||
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | 75 | ||
| Medication use in pregnant women | 77 | ||
| Medicines use in breastfeeding mothers | 79 | ||
| Common postnatal problems | 79 | ||
| Perineal tears and episiotomies | 79 | ||
| Clinical features | 81 | ||
| Clinical significance | 81 | ||
| Pharmacological management | 81 | ||
| Analgesia: | 81 | ||
| Antibiotics: | 81 | ||
| Aperients: | 81 | ||
| Mastitis | 86 | ||
| Definition | 86 | ||
| Clinical features | 86 | ||
| Clinical significance | 86 | ||
| 5 Orthopaedic and musculoskeletal systems | 106 | ||
| Overview | 106 | ||
| Objectives | 106 | ||
| Introduction | 107 | ||
| Overview of general factors affecting choice of medication | 107 | ||
| Arthritis | 115 | ||
| Osteoarthritis | 115 | ||
| Pharmacological management | 115 | ||
| Oral treatment | 115 | ||
| Topical treatment | 115 | ||
| Intraarticular treatment | 115 | ||
| Other treatment | 116 | ||
| Septic arthritis | 117 | ||
| Definition | 117 | ||
| Clinical significance | 117 | ||
| Pharmacological management | 117 | ||
| Rheumatoid arthritis and other synovial joint disorders | 118 | ||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 118 | ||
| Definition | 118 | ||
| Clinical significance | 118 | ||
| Pharmacological management | 118 | ||
| Psoriatic arthritis | 118 | ||
| Definition and clinical significance | 118 | ||
| Pharmacological management | 120 | ||
| Crystal arthropathies | 121 | ||
| Gout | 121 | ||
| Definition | 121 | ||
| 6 Neurological system | 167 | ||
| Overview | 167 | ||
| Objectives | 167 | ||
| Introduction | 168 | ||
| Major drug groups | 168 | ||
| Neurological localisation of signs and symptoms | 169 | ||
| Disease mechanisms | 170 | ||
| Pharmacological interventions for major symptoms seen in neurological disorders | 174 | ||
| Extrapyramidal (Parkinsonism) | 175 | ||
| Involuntary movements | 176 | ||
| Drugs used for involuntary movements | 176 | ||
| Spasticity | 180 | ||
| Assessment of spasticity | 180 | ||
| Cognitive decline (dementia) | 184 | ||
| Seizures (epilepsy) | 184 | ||
| Specialised drugs used for specific neurological conditions | 186 | ||
| Multiple sclerosis | 186 | ||
| Assessment of multiple sclerosis | 189 | ||
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neurone disease | 193 | ||
| Assessment of ALS/MND | 194 | ||
| References | 196 | ||
| 7 Pain and analgesia | 199 | ||
| Overview | 199 | ||
| Objectives | 199 | ||
| Introduction | 200 | ||
| Inflammatory and neuropathic pain | 201 | ||
| Pharmaceutical management of inflammatory pain | 203 | ||
| Medications acting on the peripheral tissues and nociceptors | 203 | ||
| Orally administered non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 203 | ||
| Topically applied NSAIDs | 206 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 206 | ||
| Cytokine modulators | 211 | ||
| Topical local anaesthetics | 211 | ||
| Oral opioid analgesics | 211 | ||
| Medications acting on peripheral nerve fibres | 215 | ||
| 8 Endocrine system | 226 | ||
| Overview | 226 | ||
| Objectives | 226 | ||
| Introduction | 227 | ||
| Hypothalamic–pituitary axes | 227 | ||
| Disorders of the endocrine system | 228 | ||
| Glucose metabolism | 233 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 233 | ||
| Complications occurring with diabetes | 234 | ||
| Acute: Diabetic ketoacidosis and non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma | 234 | ||
| Long-term: Vascular damage and neuritis | 234 | ||
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus | 237 | ||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 237 | ||
| Gestational diabetes | 238 | ||
| Bone metabolism and calcium balance | 238 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 238 | ||
| Pharmacological management for osteoporosis | 238 | ||
| Osteogenesis imperfecta | 241 | ||
| Parathyroid disease | 241 | ||
| Metabolic syndrome | 242 | ||
| Thyroid disorders | 242 | ||
| Hashimoto’s disease | 243 | ||
| Graves’ disease | 243 | ||
| Goitre | 244 | ||
| Thyroid nodules | 244 | ||
| Pharmacological management for thyroid disorders | 244 | ||
| Hypothyroidism | 244 | ||
| Hyperthyroidism | 244 | ||
| Adrenal disorders | 244 | ||
| Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) | 245 | ||
| Secondary adrenal insufficiency | 246 | ||
| Adrenal hyperfunction (Cushing’s syndrome) | 246 | ||
| Pharmacological management for adrenal diseases | 246 | ||
| Addison’s disease | 246 | ||
| Cushing’s syndrome | 246 | ||
| Pituitary gland syndromes | 247 | ||
| Pineal gland disorders | 247 | ||
| Pharmacological management for pineal gland disorders | 247 | ||
| References | 248 | ||
| 9 Haematological system | 251 | ||
| Overview | 251 | ||
| Objectives | 251 | ||
| Introduction | 252 | ||
| Red blood cell disorders | 253 | ||
| Abnormal erythrocytes (genetic or acquired) | 253 | ||
| Haemoglobinopathies | 253 | ||
| Methaemoglobulinaemia | 254 | ||
| Pharmacological management | 254 | ||
| Thalassaemia | 254 | ||
| Pharmacological management | 255 | ||
| Sickle cell disease | 255 | ||
| Pharmacological management | 256 | ||
| Haemoglobin C and haemoglobin E diseases | 256 | ||
| Anaemia/reduced number of erythrocytes | 256 | ||
| 10 Mental health | 276 | ||
| Objectives | 276 | ||
| Overview | 276 | ||
| Introduction | 277 | ||
| Psychotropic medication | 278 | ||
| Antipsychotics | 279 | ||
| Anxiolytics (anti-anxiety drugs) | 281 | ||
| Antidepressants | 281 | ||
| Mood stabilisers | 286 | ||
| Lithium | 286 | ||
| Anticonvulsants | 286 | ||
| Clinical syndromes and pharmacological management | 288 | ||
| Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders | 289 | ||
| Bipolar and related disorders | 291 | ||
| Depressive disorders | 292 | ||
| Anxiety disorders | 297 | ||
| Obsessive–compulsive and related disorders | 297 | ||
| Trauma- and stress-related disorders | 297 | ||
| Somatic symptom and related disorders | 304 | ||
| Insomnia | 305 | ||
| Psychiatric disorders with sensory motor deficits and psychopharmacological management | 307 | ||
| Psychiatric disorders with sensory motor deficits | 307 | ||
| Major sensory and motor side effects of psychopharmacological interventions | 308 | ||
| References | 309 | ||
| 11 Medication issues in the young and the elderly | 315 | ||
| Overview | 315 | ||
| Objectives | 315 | ||
| Medication issues in the younger person | 316 | ||
| Introduction | 316 | ||
| Legal issues relating to the use of medicines in children | 316 | ||
| Pharmacokinetic differences in the younger person | 317 | ||
| Absorption | 317 | ||
| Distribution | 317 | ||
| Metabolism | 318 | ||
| Elimination | 318 | ||
| Pharmacodynamic differences in the younger person | 318 | ||
| Dosage calculations | 319 | ||
| Weight-based dosing | 319 | ||
| Body surface area-based dosing | 319 | ||
| Medication administration considerations in the younger person | 319 | ||
| Medication issues in the elderly | 320 | ||
| Introduction | 320 | ||
| Pharmacokinetic changes associated with ageing | 320 | ||
| Absorption | 320 | ||
| Distribution | 320 | ||
| Metabolism | 321 | ||
| Elimination | 321 | ||
| Pharmacodynamic changes associated with ageing | 322 | ||
| Medications of concern in the elderly | 322 | ||
| Medications acting on the central nervous system (CNS) | 322 | ||
| Sedatives/hypnotics | 322 | ||
| Antidepressants and antipsychotics | 323 | ||
| Analgesics | 323 | ||
| Anticholinergic agents | 323 | ||
| Multiple diseases and medicines (polypharmacy) | 323 | ||
| Route and administration | 324 | ||
| Adherence/compliance | 324 | ||
| References | 325 | ||
| Index | 326 | ||
| A | 326 | ||
| B | 328 | ||
| C | 328 | ||
| D | 331 | ||
| E | 332 | ||
| F | 333 | ||
| G | 334 | ||
| H | 334 | ||
| I | 335 | ||
| J | 336 | ||
| K | 336 | ||
| L | 336 | ||
| M | 337 | ||
| N | 339 | ||
| O | 340 | ||
| P | 340 | ||
| Q | 342 | ||
| R | 342 | ||
| S | 343 | ||
| T | 345 | ||
| U | 346 | ||
| V | 346 | ||
| W | 347 | ||
| Z | 347 |