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The Environmental Responsibility Reader

The Environmental Responsibility Reader

Martin Reynolds | Christine Blackmore | Mark J. Smith

(2009)

Additional Information

Abstract

The Environmental Responsibility Reader is a definitive collection of classic and contemporary environmental works that offers a comprehensive overview of the issues involved in environmental responsibility, steering the reader through each development in thought with a unifying and expert editorial voice. This essential text expertly explores seemingly intractable modern-day environmental dilemmas - including climate change, fossil fuel consumption, fresh water quality, industrial pollution, habitat destruction, and biodiversity loss. Starting with 'Silent Spring' and moving through to more recent works the book draws on contemporary ideas of environmental ethics, corporate social responsibility, ecological justice, fair trade, global citizenship, and the connections between environmental and social justice; configuring these ideas into practical notions for responsible action with a unique global and integral focus on responsibility.
'This collection brings together in one place key texts of leading thinkers in environmental ethics. No one who takes environmental responsibility seriously will want to be without this book.' Ruth Chadwick, Cardiff University 'In these tumultuous times, I shall keep this rich mix of classic texts close at hand. They combine inspiration, ethics and pragmatic reflection on why we have reached the crisis we face today and tomorrow.' Camilla Toulmin, International Institute for Environment and Development 'A welcome and timely reminder that we need to take up our environmental responsibilities now following the inspiring guidance provided by this excellent collection.' Wendy Harcourt 'The readings brought together into this volume provide hugely valuable insights into how best we could navigate this landscape of environmental risks and opportunities more successfully.' Tom Burke, E3G
Martin Reynolds, a Lecturer in Systems at The Open University and Chair for Environmental ethics. He has researched and published widely, including his book: Operational Research and Environmental Management (2001), and contributed to many book chapters, journal papers and policy briefings. Chris Blackmore, a Senior Lecturer in Systems and Environment at The Open University. She is currently a member of the management team for the OU-wide Ethics Centre. Mark J. Smith is author and editor of numerous books, including Environment and Citizenship (2008). Formerly at Sussex University, his visiting professorships include the University of Oslo and Norwegian Business School and he has been a researcher in universities in the US and South Africa.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
About the editors i
About this book ii
Acknowledgements viii
Introduction to environmental responsibility 1
Reference 6
Part one | Ethical and cultural traditions 7
Introduction to part one 9
1 | Silent spring 11
Reading 1a: A fable for tomorrow 11
Reading 1b: And no birds sing 13
References 21
2 | The land ethic 22
The community concept 22
Substitutes for a land ethic 23
The outlook 25
3 | On values and obligations to the environment 28
Notes 37
References 38
4 | Environmental ethics 40
Introduction 40
Despair? Issues and values: normative ethics 42
Apathy? How to do ethics and be ethical: philosophical ethics 46
Cynicism? Ethics and politics 48
Summary 49
References 51
5 | The consequentialist side of environmental ethics 52
1. Self-realisation 52
2. Biocentric equality 53
3. The relation between self-realisation and biocentric equality 54
4. The consequentialist side of environmental ethics 54
Notes 58
References 59
6 | Deontological environmental ethics 60
References 65
7 | The virtues of ecological citizenship 66
Considering virtues 67
The analysis of virtue 68
The duties of ecological citizenship 69
Agency and action: promoting virtue? 71
Conclusion: some eco-virtues 73
Notes 74
References 74
Summary of part one 77
Part two | Nature matters 79
Introduction to part two 81
8 | Toward an ecological conversation 83
We converse to become ourselves 85
Permission and responsibility 87
Approaching mystery 89
Where does the wild live? 91
Toward creative responsibility 92
References 93
9 | Contemporary environmental ethics 94
The metaethical debates of environmental ethics 95
Nonanthropocentrism and environmental policy 100
References 101
10 | The two-culture problem: ecological restoration and the integration of knowledge 103
Introduction 103
Discovery Island 105
The technological constitution of restoration 107
The authority of science 108
Two cultures 110
References 112
11 | The framing paradox 114
Introduction 114
Nature framed 115
The paradox and its resolution 118
Conclusion 121
References 122
12 | Systems thinking for environmental responsibility 123
Reading 12a: Fritjof Capra, The web of life 124
Reading 12b: Fritjof Capra, Hidden connections 126
Principles of ecology 130
Notes 131
References 132
Reading 12c: Werner Ulrich, Can we secure future-responsive management through systems thinking and design? 132
References 137
13 | Environmental pragmatism, ecocentrism and deliberative democracy 138
Introduction 138
Environmental pragmatism 140
The limitations of ‘practical problem-solving’ 142
Conclusion 147
Notes 147
References 148
14 | Knowledge, justice and democracy 150
A grass-roots critique of science 150
Beyond participation: the challenge of cognitive justice 155
In search of plural visions 157
Notes 157
References 157
Summary of part two 159
Part three | Individual and collective responsibility 161
Introduction to part three 163
15 | Autonomous yet responsible? 165
16 | Individualization: plant a tree, buy a bike, save the world? 172
A dangerous narrowing? 176
Environmentalism and the flight from politics 178
IPAT, and beyond 180
Conclusion 183
Notes 184
References 185
17 | Obligations to future generations 187
Notes 195
18 | The tragedy of the commons 197
What shall we maximize? 198
Tragedy of freedom in a commons 199
Pollution 201
How to legislate temperance? 202
Freedom to breed is intolerable 203
Conscience is self-eliminating 203
Mutual coercion mutually agreed upon 204
Recognition of necessity 204
Notes 205
19 | The struggle to govern the commons 206
Why a struggle? 208
Selective pressures 209
Requirements of adaptive governance in complex systems 210
Strategies for meeting the requirements of adaptive governance 214
Conclusion 215
Notes 216
20 | The big debate: reform or revolution? 223
21 | Social learning and environmental responsibility 229
Introduction 229
What does social learning look like? 229
Individual, collective and social learning 231
Engagement, identity and responsibility 233
Note 234
References 234
22 | Uncertainty, environmental policy and social learning 236
Reference 239
Summary of part three 241
Part four | Ecological citizenship 243
Introduction to part four 245
23 | Environmental justice in the United States and South Africa 247
Fighting ‘environmental racism’ 248
Wilderness versus the environmentalism of the poor in South Africa? 252
Notes 254
References 254
24 | Ecological citizenship 256
Environmental and ecological citizenship 258
Liberal citizenship and the environment 259
Ecological non-territoriality 260
Duty and responsibility in ecological citizenship 266
References 269
25 | Just sustainability in practice 271
The Just Sustainability Index 271
Just sustainability in practice in U.S. cities 274
‘Just sustainability’: from theory to practice 280
References 280
26 | Justice, governance and sustainability: some perspectives on environmental citizenship from North America and Europe 281
Introduction 281
The US experience 282
The European experience 285
Conclusions 288
References 289
27 | The project of feminist ecological citizenship 292
Tension 1: Balancing feminist and ecological political goals 294
Tension 2: Instrumental or performative politics? 295
Tension 3: Local-particular or global-universal citizenship? 296
Tension 4: Public or private means of redistributing care? 297
Tension 5: Can men change or is the future female? 298
References 301
28 | Shopping for sustainability: can sustainable consumption promote ecological citizenship? 302
Introduction: citizenship in the supermarket 302
Sustainable consumption: shopping to save the planet? 304
Mainstream policy frameworks for sustainable consumption 305
An alternative strategy for sustainable consumption 308
Conclusions 311
References 311
29 | Buddhist virtues and environmental responsibility in Thailand 314
References 319
30 | Corporate environmental responsibility and citizenship 321
Holding companies accountable 323
From constituencies to stakeholders in the global corporate sector 325
References 327
31 | Strategic thinking and the practices of ecological citizenship: bringing together the ties that bind and bond 328
References 336
Summary of part four 339
Epilogue 341
Sources 348
Part one 348
Part two 348
Part three 349
Part four 350
Images 350
Index 351