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Deglobalization

Deglobalization

Walden Bello

(2008)

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Abstract

How to manage the global economy - and, more fundamentally, whether humanity wishes it to go in an ever more market-oriented, transnational corporation-dominated, and capital-footloose direction - is the most important international question of our time. In this short and trenchant history of those bodies -- the World Bank, IMF, WTO, and Group of Seven -- which have promoted this economic globalization, Walden Bello: - Points to their manifest failings; - Examines the major new ideas put forward for reforming the management of the world economy; - Argues for a much more fundamental shift towards a decentralized, pluralistic system of global economic governance allowing countries to follow development strategies sensitive to their own values and particular mix of constraints and opportunities.
Walden Bello is the founding Director of Focus on the Global South, a policy research institute based in Bangkok, Thailand. Prior to that, he was Executive Director of the Institute for Food and Development Policy (Food First) in Oakland, California. Educated at Princeton University where he did his doctorate in Sociology in 1975, he subsequently taught at the University of California, Berkeley where he was a research associate with the Center for South East Asian Studies. A renowned campaigner for international justice and development and one of the leading independent critics in the South of current global economic arrangements, he is the author of numerous books, including: A Siamese Tragedy: Development and Disintegration in Modern Thailand (with Shea Cunningham and Li Kheng Poh) (1999) Dark Victory: The United States, Structural Adjustment and Global Poverty (with Shea Cunningham) (1994) People and Power in the Pacific: The Struggle for the Post-Cold War Order (1992) Dragons in Distress: Asia's Miracle Economies in Crisis (with Stephanie Rosenfeld) (1991) Brave New Third World? Strategies for Survival in the Global Economy (1990) Development Debacle: The World Bank in the Philippines (1982).
'Walden Bello's work has been consistently outstanding, highly informative and full of insight.' Noam Chomsky 'Walden Bello is the world's leading no-nonsense revolutionary. With plainspoken history and compelling evidence, he ruthlessly exposes the opportunism, plunder, and backroom bullying that passes for global capitalism. But this is more than a critique: Bellos expert diagnosis is that the patient is sicker than we think, and the time to act is now.' Naomi Klein, author, No Logo 'Bello's analyses and suggestions for action are refreshingly clear and direct, and he gives a valuable account of the re-subordination of the South over the last quarter-century. 'Deglobalization' is to be recommended above all for the invigorating energy with which it sets out an oppositional agenda.' New Left Review 'This short concise volume is a guidebook no activist should travel without.' Briarpatch Magazine, May 2003 'Clear analysis and impressive scholarship have made Bello one of Asia's key progressive thinkers. Insistence on people-centered development grounded in ecological sustainability sets him apart from the elite consensus on Asia' New Internationalist 'The most respected anti-globalization thinker in Asia' Le Soir (Belgium) 'Among the expanding constellation of activists, academicians, and thinkers who believe that mainstream economics... does not have an answer to people's needs, Walden Bello is a prominent star' Bangkok Post 'Whatever subject he tackles, Walden Bello is always thoughtful, trenchant and constructive. He's also an authentic hero of the global justice movement.' Susan George 'Deglobalization is a superb dissection of contemporary capitalism's multiple crises, a powerful indictment of the US's brutal re-subordination of the global South in the interest of its MNCs and banks, an unanswerable demonstration of the unreformability of the IMF and its sister institutions, and a stirring call to arms for the movement for economic justice by one of its major theorists and organizers.' Robert Brenner

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover i
Contents vii
Acknowledgements and Dedication ix
FOREWORD The Crisis of the Globalist Project and the New Economics of George W. Bush xi
The Crisis of the Globalist Project xii
Three Moments of the Crisis of Globalization xiii
The New Economics of George W. Bush xvi
The Economics and Politics of Overextension xx
Notes xxiv
ONE Introduction: The Multiple Crises of Global Capitalism 1
From Triumph to Crisis 2
Multilateralism in Disarray 2
The Crisis of the Neoliberal Order 4
The Corporation under Question 6
Cracks in Military Hegemony 8
The Degeneration of Liberal Democracy 9
The Spectre of Global Deflation 13
The Rise of the Movement 16
Contradictory Trends after September 11 17
‘Imperial Overstretch’ 22
Liberal Democracy Loses 25
Porto Alegre and the Future 27
Notes 30
TWO Marginalizing the South in the International System 32
The Rise of UNCTAD 34
The Bretton Woods Twins versus the UN Development System 35
The Southern Challenge in the 1970s 38
Right-Wing Reaction and the Demonization of the South 40
Resubordinating the South 42
The World Trade Organization: Third Pillar of the System 51
The Group of Seven: An International Directorate? 55
Notes 56
THREE Sidestepping Democracy at the Multilateral Agencies 59
The World Bank 59
The International Monetary Fund 61
The World Trade Organization 63
Notes 65
FOUR The Crisis of Legitimacy 66
The IMF’s Stalingrad 66
The Past Catches Up 68
Meltzer and the World Bank 69
The WTO on the Road to Seattle 71
Notes 76
FIVE The Vicissitudes of Reform, 1998-2002 77
Reforming the Global Financial Architecture 77
From Structural Adjustment to Poverty Reduction? 80
Non-democratic decision-making affirmed 83
Decision-making at the WTO: from Seattle to Doha 84
Notes 88
SIX Proposals for Global Governance Reform: A Critical Analysis 91
An Economic Security Council? 91
The Meltzer Commission Proposal 92
The ‘Back-to-the-Bretton-Woods-System’ School 95
George Soros’s Alternative System 99
Notes 105
SEVEN The Alternative: Deglobalization 107
Deconstruction 108
Deglobalizing in a Pluralist World 112
Notes 118
Selected Readings 119
Selected Organizations Monitoring Multilateral Organizations and Global Governance Issues 122
Index 127
Participating Organizations 133
The Global Issues Series 137