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Israel and South Africa

Israel and South Africa

Ilan Pappé | Ronnie Kasrils | Doctor Oren Ben-Dor | Jonathan Cook | Leila Farsakh | Anthony Löwstedt | Amneh Badran | Steven Friedman | Virginia Tilley | Ran Greenstein

(2015)

Abstract

Within the already heavily polarised debate on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, parallels between Israel and apartheid South Africa remain highly contentious. A number of prominent academic and political commentators, including former US president Jimmy Carter and UN Special Rapporteur John Dugard, have argued that Israel's treatment of its Arab-Israeli citizens and the people of the occupied territories amounts to a system of oppression no less brutal or inhumane than that of South Africa's white supremacists. Similarly, boycott and disinvestment campaigns comparable to those employed by anti-apartheid activists have attracted growing support. Yet while the 'apartheid question' has become increasingly visible in this debate, there has been little in the way of genuine scholarly analysis of the similarities (or otherwise) between the Zionist and apartheid regimes.

In Israel and South Africa, Ilan Pappé, one of Israel's preeminent academics and a noted critic of the current government, brings together lawyers, journalists, policy makers and historians of both countries to assess the implications of the apartheid analogy for international law, activism and policy making. With contributors including the distinguished anti-apartheid activist Ronnie Kasrils, Israel and South Africa offers a bold and incisive perspective on one of the defining moral questions of our age.


Ilan Pappé is professor of history at the University of ExeterA veteran of the Yom Kippur War and two time Knesset candidate, Pappé left Israel in 2007 after his endorsement of an academic boycott of Israel led to calls for him to resign from his post at the University of Haifa. He remains one of Israel’s most prominent and outspoken anti-Zionist academics. His previous books include The Modern Middle East (2005), Gaza in Crisis: Reflections on Israel’s War against the Palestinians (with Noam Chomsky, 2010) and The Forgotten Palestinians: A History of the Palestinians in Israel (2011).


'Comparing Israel and apartheid South Africa is one of the great taboos of our time. This collection breaks the taboo in examining settler colonialism and apartheid in both Israel itself and the Occupied Palestinian Territory.'
John Dugard, former Special Rapporteur to the UN Human Rights Council

'A key book for deepening the discussion of Israel as an apartheid state of a special kind, and for exploring a different future for Palestinians. The essays give no easy answers, but much food for thought, and for hope. This book's insights and analysis will be widely debated - it should be a best seller.'
Victoria Brittain, journalist and author of Shadow Lives: The Forgotten Women of the War on Terror

'Israel is trying to refine the nefarious policy of apartheid to keep the Palestinian people apart. This book cogently argues the inefficacy of the policy of divide and rule. A must read.'
Arun Gandhi, founder of the M. K. Gandhi Institute for Nonviolence

'It is clear from this finely crafted collection of essays that Israel has much in common with white-ruled South Africa. Indeed, Israel and South Africa provides abundant evidence that Israel is worse than South Africa was, and that Israeli apartheid will be more enduring than the South African variant. This smart and informative book should be read by every person who cares about Israel and its victims.'
John J. Mearsheimer, author of The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy

'Nine superbly qualified authors confirm from a variety of perspectives the allegations of apartheid directed at Israel. This book is profoundly convincing, and should put an end to serious debate about whether Israel is guilty of apartheid.'
Richard Falk, author of Palestine: The Legitimacy of Hope

'Demonstrates how Apartheid as a political system of segregation is not specific to any particular race or country, and why invoking it in the context of Israel /Palestine is both instructive and instrumental. The authors show there's lots to learn from the successful struggle against the Apartheid of South Africa.'
Marwan Bishara, Al Jazeera English, and author of Palestine/Israel: Peace or Apartheid

'A terrible evil makes the apartheid comparison between Israel and South Africa a valid exercise, that is, the intentional prevention of shared life. On this basis, this book tasks the comparative method as a tool to challenge the dismal reality in Palestine.'
Marcelo Svirsky, author of After Israel

'One of the most important volumes on the issue of Israeli apartheid. Skilfully incorporating perspectives from various disciplines, the authors provide an excellent and extremely relevant examination of the systemic infrastructure of the Israeli state's colonial and apartheid enterprise.'
Farid Esack, University of Johannesburg

'This is an exceptionally important contribution to contemporary debates on Israeli apartheid. There is simply no other collection out there that brings such historical and comparative breadth to bear on this question - a must read!'
Adam Hanieh, SOAS, University of London

'For Israel and its allies, any talk of apartheid remains anathema … The essays in this book are evidence of how insightful, and fruitful, such a comparison and analysis can be.'
Journal of Palestine Studies

'A rich accumulation of material and ideas.'
Electronic Intifada

'The collection provides some excellent moments of reflection on apartheid in South Africa that are given new perspective through exciting comparative scholarship and can also aid in deciphering the post-apartheid trajectory of the country.’
Africa at LSE


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Front cover
About the Editor ii
Title Page iii
Copyright iv
Contents v
About the Contributors vii
Introduction: The Many Faces of Apartheid\r 1
Part 1: Historical Roots 21
1. Birds of a Feather: Israel and Apartheid South Africa – Colonialism of a Special Type\r 23
Notes 39
2. The Many Faces of European Colonialism: The Templers, the Basel Mission and the Zionist Movement\r 43
Methodology 46
The ‘Peaceful Crusade’ and Its Impact\r 48
The Basel Mission 54
The Historical Context 55
Discursive and Symbolic Practices 59
The Favoured Stepchildren of the Mother Country 64
Conclusion 68
Notes 70
3. Apartheid and the Question of Origin\r 73
Introduction 73
The Skewed Legal and Constitutional Framing of the Question of Apartheid 77
Israel’s Apartheid and the Façade of Democracy 80
Denial and the Question of Moral Repugnancy 85
Rationalising Apartheid: Israel’s ‘Right to Exist’\r 88
Zionism and Jewish Myth 94
Jewish Reactions to Zionism: Common Existential Shackles\r 95
Not Quite Walking the Extra Mile: Israel’s Apartheid and the Complicity of ‘Jewish’ Left-Wing Anti-Zionism 100
By Way of Conclusion 111
Notes 116
Part 2: The Boundaries of Comparison\r 121
4. ‘Visible Equality’ as Confidence Trick Jonathan Cook\r 123
Degraded Citizenship 126
Lack of Constitutional Protection 128
Denial of Political Participation 132
Land, Planning and Segregation 136
Separate Education Systems 141
A Jewish Economy 146
Crushing Resistance 149
Demography and Ethnic Cleansing 151
Conclusion 154
Notes 155
5. Apartheid, Israel and Palestinian Statehood\r 161
Introduction 161
Apartheid and Bantustans 164
Israel’s ‘Creeping Apartheid’\r 168
Palestinian Bantustans: Oslo and Palestinian Self-Determination\r 171
Conclusion: The War on Gaza and Its Aftermath\r 181
Notes 184
Part 3: Nuanced Comparisons 189
6. Femicide in Apartheid: The Parallel Interplay between Racism and Sexism in South Africa and Palestine–Israel 191
‘Witch’ Burnings\r 195
‘Honour’ Murders\r 196
The Demographic War 200
Solidarity within the Racial Elite\r 206
Divide and Rule 207
What to Do with All That Aggression 211
Cultural Identity and Femicide 212
Femicide as a Consequence of De-Secularisation in Apartheid Societies 215
How to End Femicide in South Africa 217
How to End Femicide in Palestine and Israel 218
Conclusion 220
Notes 221
7. The Many Faces of Protest: A Comparative Analysis of Protest Groups in Israel and South Africa\r 239
Preface 239
Introduction 240
The Politics and Roles of White South African Protest Groups and Individual Activism\r 243
The Politics and Roles of Israeli (Jewish) Protest Groups and Individual Activism\r 252
Conclusion: The Similarities and Differences between the Two Protest Cases 265
Notes 267
Part 4: Future Models and Perspectives 275
8. The Inevitable Impossible: South African Experience and a Single State 277
Elite Parallels: Afrikaner Nationalism and Zionism 278
The Unworkable Dream 279
Lessons for the Middle East 284
An Alternative of the Mind – and Heart? 288
Conclusion: Reading the Signs 290
Notes 291
9. Redefining the Conflict in Israel–Palestine: The Tricky Question of Sovereignty\r 295
Empirical and Juridical Sovereignty 300
Apartheid in Namibia 303
Classic and Settler Colonialism 305
Seeking Justice and Human Rights in a Settler Colonial State 312
The Language of General Assembly Resolution 181 316
Conclusion 319
Notes 321
10. Israel–Palestine and the Apartheid Analogy: Critics, Apologists and Strategic Lessons 325
Introduction 325
What Is Apartheid? 327
What Is Israel? Perspectives from the Left 330
Is Israel an Apartheid State? 335
Apartheid of a Special Type 344
Prospects, Solutions and Strategies 352
Conclusion 358
Notes 360
Index 363
Back Cover Back cover