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Book Details
Abstract
Nowhere is the injustice of the global distribution of income and wealth more palpable than in health. While the world’s affluent spend fortunes on the most trifling treatments, poor people’s lives are ruined and often cut short prematurely by challenges that could easily be overcome at low cost: childbirth, diarrhoea, malnutrition, malaria, HIV/AIDS, measles, pneumonia. Millions are avoidably dying from such causes each year and billions of lives avoidably blighted by these diseases of poverty.
Drawing on in-depth empirical research spanning Asia, Latin America, and Africa, this path-breaking collection offers fresh perspectives from critically engaged scholars. Protecting the Health of the Poor presents a call and a vision for unified efforts across geographies, levels and sectors to make the right to health truly universal.
Abraar Karan is an MD candidate in the Global Health Pathway at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, where he serves as the student body president. His writings have been featured in a number of well-known publication venues, including Medscape, The Lancet, Academic Medicine, PLoS Global Health, Global Post, Kevin MD, and the Global Health Hub.
Geeta Sodhi, DNB (Paeds), is a qualified paediatrician who veered into public health and the development sector more than two decades ago as a social entrepreneur. Her research has been published in various edited volumes, and she has been an invited speaker at several international conferences and academic institutions.
‘Provides essential guidance for all development practitioners and reminds us to beware of easy fixes.’
Saman Yazdani Khan, Centre for Health and Population Studies, Pakistan
'This timely volume explores poverty and health in the context of the free market. The application of human rights to safeguard the health of poor people is illustrated with clarity and conviction.'
Lucia D’Ambruoso, University of Aberdeen
‘This book is a comprehensive assessment of the health consequences of poverty: it is courageous in its honesty and appropriately demanding of its reader. We must act.’
Stephen Leeder, University of Sydney (Emeritus)
‘Presents compelling evidence of diverse health inequities, traversing both political economy and political ecology, that continue to haunt global conscience.’
Rajib Dasgupta, Jawaharlal Nehru University
'A thought-provoking and provocative collection of essays that amount to an urgently needed call for action in promoting global health. Contains important contributions from scholars and development practitioners in many countries.'
Nicole Hassoun, Binghamton University
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Front Cover | ||
| About CROP | i | ||
| Series Titles | ii | ||
| Title Page | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Figures and Tables | ix | ||
| Acknowledgements | xii | ||
| Selected Abbreviations and Acronyms | xiii | ||
| Foreword | xv | ||
| Introduction | 1 | ||
| Responsibilities for the Right to Health | 5 | ||
| About the Book | 10 | ||
| References | 13 | ||
| Part One. Legal Movements | 15 | ||
| 1 | Requesting a Compulsory Licence for Kaletra, an HIV/AIDS Antiretroviral Drug, in Colombia | 17 | ||
| Introduction | 17 | ||
| Analysis of the Colombian Health System | 18 | ||
| Patents and the Violation of the Right to Health | 19 | ||
| Kaletra: A Study of the Costs of the Patented Drug | 20 | ||
| Compulsory Licences | 23 | ||
| Analysis | 31 | ||
| Conclusions | 36 | ||
| References | 38 | ||
| 2 | Impact of the World Trade Organization's Agreements on Agriculture and on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights on the Health of Citizens in the Developing World: A Poverty-Production-Based Critique | 40 | ||
| Introduction | 40 | ||
| From the GATT to the WTO | 41 | ||
| The WTO and Poverty Production Under the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) | 41 | ||
| Theory of Comparative Advantage | 42 | ||
| Export Subsidies and Trade Barriers | 44 | ||
| Poverty and Health | 45 | ||
| The WTO and Poverty Production Under TRIPS | 47 | ||
| Post-TRIPS | 50 | ||
| Relationship Between Rights and Trade: How the WTO Got it Wrong | 51 | ||
| Right to Health | 53 | ||
| The WTO and the Environment | 56 | ||
| The WTO and the United Nations | 57 | ||
| The WTO and International Law: The Contradictions | 58 | ||
| Conclusion and Recommendations | 59 | ||
| Notes | 60 | ||
| References | 61 | ||
| Part Two. Political Movement | 65 | ||
| 3 | Managing an A(H1N1) Pandemic: Public Health or Healthy Business? | 67 | ||
| Introduction | 67 | ||
| Stockpiling Oseltamivir: The Case of A(H5N1) | 68 | ||
| New Pandemic, Old Response: Looking at A(H1N1) | 72 | ||
| Pushing Vaccines for H1N1: Faulty Calculations | 73 | ||
| Conclusions | 75 | ||
| Notes | 76 | ||
| References | 77 | ||
| 4 | Catastrophic Health Expenditure, Health Insurance Coverage, and Poor People in India: New Evidence on Healthcare Costs Leading to Impoverishment | 80 | ||
| Data | 81 | ||
| Definitions | 82 | ||
| Findings | 83 | ||
| Discussion and Conclusions | 98 | ||
| References | 99 | ||
| 5 | Crisis of the Global Innovation Model for Medicines: A Civil Society Organizations' Perspective | 102 | ||
| Introduction | 102 | ||
| Poverty, Health, and Access to Medicines | 103 | ||
| Global System of Innovation | 106 | ||
| Crisis of the Innovation Model | 109 | ||
| Technology Transfer and Local Innovation | 118 | ||
| Civil Society’s Perspective on Alternatives | 119 | ||
| References | 121 | ||
| Part Three. Interventional Approaches | 125 | ||
| 6 | Advancing Tobacco Use Prevention and Cessation Among Socio-economically Disadvantaged Young Persons in India | 127 | ||
| Introduction | 127 | ||
| Background | 128 | ||
| Materials and Methods | 133 | ||
| Results | 138 | ||
| Discussion | 143 | ||
| Conclusion | 146 | ||
| References | 148 | ||
| 7 | Addressing the Vulnerability of Urban Poor Women to Negative Maternal and Newborn Health Outcomes | 152 | ||
| Introduction | 152 | ||
| Background | 155 | ||
| Situational Analysis of Malegaon | 158 | ||
| Maternal and Newborn Health Initiative in Malegaon | 159 | ||
| Objectives of Swaasthya’s MNH Initiative in Malegaon | 160 | ||
| Key Elements of the MNH Initiative | 160 | ||
| Results | 163 | ||
| Sustainability and Replicability | 169 | ||
| Conclusion | 170 | ||
| References | 171 | ||
| Part Four. Multifaceted Movements | 173 | ||
| 8 | International Poverty Law and Human Rights from Below: Latin American Affirmation of the Right to Health of Indigenous Peoples, Migrants, and the Displaced | 175 | ||
| Introduction | 175 | ||
| Right to Health in the Context of Hegemonic and Counter-Hegemonic Human Rights Notions and Practices | 177 | ||
| Overall Landscape | 190 | ||
| Conclusions | 195 | ||
| Note | 197 | ||
| References | 197 | ||
| 9 | Sociopolitics of HIV in Uganda: Proposing a Socio-Behavioural Movement in Response to Donor Politics and the Economic Crisis | 200 | ||
| Introduction | 201 | ||
| Uganda’s Early Successes: Behaviour Change Before the Availability of Antiretroviral Therapy | 205 | ||
| Uganda in the Age of Antiretrovirals: Drawing Parallels with the Past | 221 | ||
| Moving Forward: The Future of HIV/AIDS in Uganda | 235 | ||
| Anecdotal Evidence: Homegrown Strategy | 238 | ||
| Final Thoughts: Case for a Socio-Behavioural Movement | 240 | ||
| References | 243 | ||
| 10 | Health Impact Fund: Aligning Incentives | 249 | ||
| Tracking | 253 | ||
| Efficiency | 254 | ||
| A Way Forward | 256 | ||
| Secure Funding | 258 | ||
| Health Impact Fund in Relation to Other Global Health Initiatives | 262 | ||
| Lowest Feasible Price | 266 | ||
| Tightening Health Impact Fund Registration Conditions | 268 | ||
| Piloting the Health Impact Fund | 269 | ||
| Joining Forces for Justice in Global Health | 271 | ||
| Notes | 272 | ||
| References | 275 | ||
| About the Editors and Contributors | 277 | ||
| Index | 282 |