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Making Public in a Privatized World

Making Public in a Privatized World

David A. McDonald

(2016)

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Book Details

Abstract

How do we provide effective public services in a deeply neoliberal world? In the wake of the widespread failure of privatisation efforts, societies in the global south are increasingly seeking progressive ways of recreating the public sector. With contributors ranging from cutting-edge scholars to activists working in health, water, and energy provision, and with case studies covering a broad spectrum of localities and actors, Making Public in a Privatized World uncovers the radically different ways in which public services are being reshaped from the grassroots up.

From communities holding the state accountable for public health in rural Guatemala, to waste pickers in India and decentralized solar electricity initiatives in Africa, the essays in this collection offer probing insights into the complex ways in which people are building genuine alternatives to privatization, while also illustrating the challenges which communities face in creating public services which are not subordinated to the logic of the market, or to the monolithic state entities of the past.


David A. McDonald is professor of global development studies at Queen’s University, Canada. He is founder and co-director of the Municipal Services Project, a research initiative that explores progressive and innovative public service delivery models throughout Africa, Asia and Latin America. He holds a doctorate in political science from the University of Toronto and is the editor of Rethinking Corporatization and Public Services in the Global South (Zed Books, 2014), amongst numerous other works.

'An excellent and timely book that is a welcome contribution to the growing debate about alternatives to neoliberalism and privatization in critical public services.'
Andrew Cumbers, University of Glasgow

‘A remarkable collection of work and an urgently needed intervention into struggles over public services. It deserves to be read by those depressed by the rolling tide of privatization and by those struggling to find better ways of serving publics.’
John Clarke, The Open University

‘This superb collection explores convincingly why public services should indeed be delivered by the public and not by private companies. The contributions offer an extraordinarily insightful foray into the contours of and possibilities for inclusive and democratic public service delivery, both within and outside of the state.’
Erik Swyngedouw, University of Manchester

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
About the Editor i
Title Page iii
Copyright Page iv
Contents v
Figures and Tables vii
Acknowledgements viii
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ix
1 | Introduction: The Wonderful Worlds of Making Public 1
What Do We Want? 2
Advancing Publicness 5
Structure of the Book 11
Note 18
References 19
Part One. Engaging Communities and Workers 21
2 | Work of the Ants: Labour and Community Reinventing Public Water in Colombia 23
Privatization and the Need for Labour–Community Alliances 24
Struggles for Alternatives to Privatization in Colombia 26
Community Water Management: The Case of La Sirena 28
History of the Labour–Community Alliance 30
Outcomes of the Alliance 33
Conclusions 34
Acknowledgements 36
Notes 37
Joint Research Planning, Field Visits and Focus Groups 37
Interviews 37
References 38
3 | Old Trash, New Ideas: Public Waste Management and Informal Reclaimers 41
Reclaiming Waste 42
Three Innovative Approaches 43
Democratizing and Expanding the Public Sphere 49
Acknowledgements 54
Notes 55
References 55
4 | Ships Passing in the Dark? Reigniting Labour–Community Alliances for Public Services in South Africa 59
The Apartheid Years: Repression, Resistance and Contradiction 60
Ending Apartheid: What Kind of Alliances, What Kind of Power? 62
Whither Post-Apartheid Labour–Community Alliances? 65
Sparks of Hope? 69
Contemporary Sources of Weakness and Disconnection 70
New Spaces, New Possibilities 73
Interviews 76
References 76
5 | Public Health for Indigenous Peoples in Guatemala: Monitoring From the Bottom Up 81
Making Health Public for All 82
Understanding Power and Power Relations 83
Involving Citizens Through Participatory Action-Research 84
The CEGSS Approach 85
Lessons Learned and Sustainability 92
Acknowledgements 94
Note 94
References 94
Part Two. Recognizing Quasi-Public Actors 97
6 | Electrified Publics and Informal Settlements in Urban India 99
Electricity and The Urban Poor 100
The Ujala Yojana Slum Electrification Project 103
Building Upon Established Trust 104
Assessment of Ability and Willingness to Pay 105
Suitable Tariffs 107
Access to Microfinance 108
Establishing a Legal Framework for Slum Electrification 108
Role of CBOs 109
Strengthening Women’s Entitlements to Land and Housing 111
Sensitization of Other Stakeholders 112
Conclusion 112
Notes 115
References 115
7 | Principles and Pitfalls: Searching for Public in ‘Community-Led Total Sanitation’ 117
Letting Community Back In 118
A Brief Description of CLTS 120
The Publicness of Community 123
Notes 129
References 129
8 | Public Faith: Christian and Muslim Health Services in Uganda 132
Overview of Uganda’s Health System 133
Faith-Based Health Services 135
FBO Health Services as a Public Service? 136
Conclusion 143
Acknowledgements 144
References 144
Part Three. Promoting Equity and Democratic Control 147
9 | Gender Equity, Citizenship and Public Water in Bangladesh 149
On Water’s Edge: The Lived Experiences in Korail Slum 151
Korail Water Struggles: Gender and Class Matter 153
The Importance of Being Public 156
Citizenship, Legality and Water Justice 158
Conclusions 160
Acknowledgements 162
Note 162
References 162
10 | Struggling for Public, Reclaiming Citizenship: Everyday Practices of Access to Water in Medellín, Colombia 165
The Public/Private Nature of EPM 167
Learning From ‘High-Risk Zones’ 169
Conclusion 175
Notes 177
References 177
11 | Public Renewable Energy in Africa: The Potential for Democratic Electrification 179
Why Renewable Energy in Africa? 180
Ownership and Control of Renewable Energy 181
Blurred Lines 183
A Public Role: Large, Small, Limitations? 188
A Way Forward 190
References 191
Part Four. Financing Public Services 195
12 | (Re)making Public Banks: The Case of Turkey 197
Public Banks in Historical Context 198
Competing Views on Bank Ownership in Market Economies 200
A History of Public Banks in Turkey 204
Neoliberal Restructuring of Turkey’s Public Banks 205
Turkey’s Public Banks Today 207
The Social Contradictions of Turkey’s Public Banks 211
The Struggle for Public Banking Alternatives 212
Note 214
References 214
13 | Pragmatic Publics in the Heartland of Capitalism: Local Services in the United States 218
Theories of Contracting 220
Empirical Evidence 223
Policy Recommendations 228
Looking to the Future 229
Acknowledgements 230
References 230
14 | Post-Neoliberalism in Bolivia? Water Sector Reforms Under Evo Morales 234
Water Reforms Under Morales 235
Financing Water and Sanitation: ‘Productive’ Versus ‘Social’ Investment 243
Conclusion 247
Note 248
References 248
15 | Conclusion: Building a Global Pro-Public Movement 251
It’s Not Easy Making Public 252
Moving Forward 257
Conclusion 259
References 260
About the Contributors 263
Index 267