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Abstract
How do we provide effective public services in a deeply neoliberal world? In the wake of the widespread failure of privatisation efforts, societies in the global south are increasingly seeking progressive ways of recreating the public sector. With contributors ranging from cutting-edge scholars to activists working in health, water, and energy provision, and with case studies covering a broad spectrum of localities and actors, Making Public in a Privatized World uncovers the radically different ways in which public services are being reshaped from the grassroots up.
From communities holding the state accountable for public health in rural Guatemala, to waste pickers in India and decentralized solar electricity initiatives in Africa, the essays in this collection offer probing insights into the complex ways in which people are building genuine alternatives to privatization, while also illustrating the challenges which communities face in creating public services which are not subordinated to the logic of the market, or to the monolithic state entities of the past.
David A. McDonald is professor of global development studies at Queen’s University, Canada. He is founder and co-director of the Municipal Services Project, a research initiative that explores progressive and innovative public service delivery models throughout Africa, Asia and Latin America. He holds a doctorate in political science from the University of Toronto and is the editor of Rethinking Corporatization and Public Services in the Global South (Zed Books, 2014), amongst numerous other works.
'An excellent and timely book that is a welcome contribution to the growing debate about alternatives to neoliberalism and privatization in critical public services.'
Andrew Cumbers, University of Glasgow
‘A remarkable collection of work and an urgently needed intervention into struggles over public services. It deserves to be read by those depressed by the rolling tide of privatization and by those struggling to find better ways of serving publics.’
John Clarke, The Open University
‘This superb collection explores convincingly why public services should indeed be delivered by the public and not by private companies. The contributions offer an extraordinarily insightful foray into the contours of and possibilities for inclusive and democratic public service delivery, both within and outside of the state.’
Erik Swyngedouw, University of Manchester
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Cover | Cover | ||
About the Editor | i | ||
Title Page | iii | ||
Copyright Page | iv | ||
Contents | v | ||
Figures and Tables | vii | ||
Acknowledgements | viii | ||
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms | ix | ||
1 | Introduction: The Wonderful Worlds of Making Public | 1 | ||
What Do We Want? | 2 | ||
Advancing Publicness | 5 | ||
Structure of the Book | 11 | ||
Note | 18 | ||
References | 19 | ||
Part One. Engaging Communities and Workers | 21 | ||
2 | Work of the Ants: Labour and Community Reinventing Public Water in Colombia | 23 | ||
Privatization and the Need for Labour–Community Alliances | 24 | ||
Struggles for Alternatives to Privatization in Colombia | 26 | ||
Community Water Management: The Case of La Sirena | 28 | ||
History of the Labour–Community Alliance | 30 | ||
Outcomes of the Alliance | 33 | ||
Conclusions | 34 | ||
Acknowledgements | 36 | ||
Notes | 37 | ||
Joint Research Planning, Field Visits and Focus Groups | 37 | ||
Interviews | 37 | ||
References | 38 | ||
3 | Old Trash, New Ideas: Public Waste Management and Informal Reclaimers | 41 | ||
Reclaiming Waste | 42 | ||
Three Innovative Approaches | 43 | ||
Democratizing and Expanding the Public Sphere | 49 | ||
Acknowledgements | 54 | ||
Notes | 55 | ||
References | 55 | ||
4 | Ships Passing in the Dark? Reigniting Labour–Community Alliances for Public Services in South Africa | 59 | ||
The Apartheid Years: Repression, Resistance and Contradiction | 60 | ||
Ending Apartheid: What Kind of Alliances, What Kind of Power? | 62 | ||
Whither Post-Apartheid Labour–Community Alliances? | 65 | ||
Sparks of Hope? | 69 | ||
Contemporary Sources of Weakness and Disconnection | 70 | ||
New Spaces, New Possibilities | 73 | ||
Interviews | 76 | ||
References | 76 | ||
5 | Public Health for Indigenous Peoples in Guatemala: Monitoring From the Bottom Up | 81 | ||
Making Health Public for All | 82 | ||
Understanding Power and Power Relations | 83 | ||
Involving Citizens Through Participatory Action-Research | 84 | ||
The CEGSS Approach | 85 | ||
Lessons Learned and Sustainability | 92 | ||
Acknowledgements | 94 | ||
Note | 94 | ||
References | 94 | ||
Part Two. Recognizing Quasi-Public Actors | 97 | ||
6 | Electrified Publics and Informal Settlements in Urban India | 99 | ||
Electricity and The Urban Poor | 100 | ||
The Ujala Yojana Slum Electrification Project | 103 | ||
Building Upon Established Trust | 104 | ||
Assessment of Ability and Willingness to Pay | 105 | ||
Suitable Tariffs | 107 | ||
Access to Microfinance | 108 | ||
Establishing a Legal Framework for Slum Electrification | 108 | ||
Role of CBOs | 109 | ||
Strengthening Women’s Entitlements to Land and Housing | 111 | ||
Sensitization of Other Stakeholders | 112 | ||
Conclusion | 112 | ||
Notes | 115 | ||
References | 115 | ||
7 | Principles and Pitfalls: Searching for Public in ‘Community-Led Total Sanitation’ | 117 | ||
Letting Community Back In | 118 | ||
A Brief Description of CLTS | 120 | ||
The Publicness of Community | 123 | ||
Notes | 129 | ||
References | 129 | ||
8 | Public Faith: Christian and Muslim Health Services in Uganda | 132 | ||
Overview of Uganda’s Health System | 133 | ||
Faith-Based Health Services | 135 | ||
FBO Health Services as a Public Service? | 136 | ||
Conclusion | 143 | ||
Acknowledgements | 144 | ||
References | 144 | ||
Part Three. Promoting Equity and Democratic Control | 147 | ||
9 | Gender Equity, Citizenship and Public Water in Bangladesh | 149 | ||
On Water’s Edge: The Lived Experiences in Korail Slum | 151 | ||
Korail Water Struggles: Gender and Class Matter | 153 | ||
The Importance of Being Public | 156 | ||
Citizenship, Legality and Water Justice | 158 | ||
Conclusions | 160 | ||
Acknowledgements | 162 | ||
Note | 162 | ||
References | 162 | ||
10 | Struggling for Public, Reclaiming Citizenship: Everyday Practices of Access to Water in Medellín, Colombia | 165 | ||
The Public/Private Nature of EPM | 167 | ||
Learning From ‘High-Risk Zones’ | 169 | ||
Conclusion | 175 | ||
Notes | 177 | ||
References | 177 | ||
11 | Public Renewable Energy in Africa: The Potential for Democratic Electrification | 179 | ||
Why Renewable Energy in Africa? | 180 | ||
Ownership and Control of Renewable Energy | 181 | ||
Blurred Lines | 183 | ||
A Public Role: Large, Small, Limitations? | 188 | ||
A Way Forward | 190 | ||
References | 191 | ||
Part Four. Financing Public Services | 195 | ||
12 | (Re)making Public Banks: The Case of Turkey | 197 | ||
Public Banks in Historical Context | 198 | ||
Competing Views on Bank Ownership in Market Economies | 200 | ||
A History of Public Banks in Turkey | 204 | ||
Neoliberal Restructuring of Turkey’s Public Banks | 205 | ||
Turkey’s Public Banks Today | 207 | ||
The Social Contradictions of Turkey’s Public Banks | 211 | ||
The Struggle for Public Banking Alternatives | 212 | ||
Note | 214 | ||
References | 214 | ||
13 | Pragmatic Publics in the Heartland of Capitalism: Local Services in the United States | 218 | ||
Theories of Contracting | 220 | ||
Empirical Evidence | 223 | ||
Policy Recommendations | 228 | ||
Looking to the Future | 229 | ||
Acknowledgements | 230 | ||
References | 230 | ||
14 | Post-Neoliberalism in Bolivia? Water Sector Reforms Under Evo Morales | 234 | ||
Water Reforms Under Morales | 235 | ||
Financing Water and Sanitation: ‘Productive’ Versus ‘Social’ Investment | 243 | ||
Conclusion | 247 | ||
Note | 248 | ||
References | 248 | ||
15 | Conclusion: Building a Global Pro-Public Movement | 251 | ||
It’s Not Easy Making Public | 252 | ||
Moving Forward | 257 | ||
Conclusion | 259 | ||
References | 260 | ||
About the Contributors | 263 | ||
Index | 267 |