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Marxism and Feminism

Marxism and Feminism

Shahrzad Mojab

(2015)

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Book Details

Abstract

Global events, from economic crisis to social unrest and militarization, disproportionately affect women. Yet around the world it is also women who are leading the struggle against oppression and exploitation. In light of renewed interest in Marxist theory among many women activists and academics, Marxism and Feminism presents a contemporary and accessible Marxist–feminist analysis on a host of issues. It reassesses previous debates and seeks to answer pressing questions of how we should understand the relationship between patriarchy and capitalism, and how we can envision a feminist project which emancipates both women and society.

With contributions from both renowned scholars and new voices, Marxism and Feminism is set to become the foundational text for modern Marxist-feminist thought.


'Marxism and Feminism is a serious, nuanced collection that covers a great deal of ground in a clear and concise way. The essays here represent a profoundly warm, human way of thinking through some of the toughest political problems of our age. It will be of great use to anyone thinking seriously about the relationship between Marx and feminism, not to mention gender, race, class, intersectionality, patriarchy, work and many other key topics today.'
Nina Power, author of One Dimensional Woman

'The relationship between Marxists and Feminists has always been problematic. But in these times of an ongoing crises of capitalism, when the whole world is looking for alternatives to the present destructive World System, Shahrzad Mojab's Marxism and Feminism is especially necessary today. I hope that many women and men read it.'
Maria Mies, author of Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale

'Marxism and feminism are back! This book marks a refreshing return to basics after years spent in the wilderness of identity politics and the 'cultural turn'. Offering a rich synthesis of the key concepts in both schools of thought, the book provides a valuable resource for rethinking Marxism, feminism, a renewed project for human emancipation and, yes… revolution.'
Radha D'Souza, University of Westminster

'Marxism and Feminism is an outstanding contribution to the shared project of scholar-activists across diverse disciplines and movements. The collection is both the result of, and a significant contribution to, a (re)emerging conversation - one that attends to, as Shahrzad Mojab succinctly notes, "two major emancipatory projects." The keywords approach is inspired, providing breadth and depth in a single, accessible, and highly engaged volume.'
Abigail B. Bakan, University of Toronto

'Reading this book made me aware of how much such a book is needed to awaken a dialogue between Marxism and feminism. I didn't agree with all that I read, but that's exactly what a book with this framework should do to awaken us.'
Dorothy Smith, University of Victoria

‘Reading this book, I was gripped by a feeling that it will mark a politically-necessary moment in the history of Women’s and Gender Studies as well as educational theories encompassing class, race, disability, sexuality and all axes of identity formation … this book is a pedagogy – a form of resistance.’
Sona Kazemi, Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies

'An important addition to the body of radical analysis that left feminists can use to educate ourselves about old and new theoretical, political and methodological debates on the left. It also is a signal that such debates are receiving new energy in the 21st century by new generations of left feminist intellectuals and activists dissatisfied with the academic compromises that institutionalized feminism has made, and the failure to incorporate feminist insights into Marxist-inspired theory and politics.'
Against the Current

'Discussions of democracy, finance capitalism, nationalism and imperialism release feminist theory from the confines of the so-called woman question by theorising the global social moment … held together by a commitment to dialectical inquiry and revolutionary feminist praxis.'
Historical Materialism


Shahrzad Mojab is professor in the Department of Leadership, Higher and Adult Education and is the former director of the Women and Gender Studies Institute at the University of Toronto. Her areas of research and teaching include educational policy studies; gender, state, diaspora and transnationality; women, war, militarization and violence; feminism, anti-racism, colonialism and imperialism; and Marxism, feminism and revolution.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Front cover
About the Editor i
Title Page iii
Copyright iv
Contents v
Acknowledgements vii
1: Introduction: Marxism and Feminism 1
Histories, Theories and Possibilities 1
Living through Imperialism and Fundamentalism: the 1953 CIA Coup and the 1979 ‘Revolution’ 7
Overcoming the Hyphenation in Marxist-Feminism 18
How to Read This Book 22
Notes 26
References 27
Part One: Class and Race in Marxism and Feminism 31
2: Gender Relations 33
French Revolution: Olympe de Gouges 34
Bourgeois Ethnological Studies 36
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels 38
Gender Relations in Intenational Marxism after Marx 49
Liberal Bourgeoisie 50
Marxist Anthropology 52
Feminist Ethnology 55
Capitalism and Patriarchy 59
The Concept of Gender Relations 61
Conclusion: Gender Relations are Relations of Production 69
Note 71
References 71
3: The Marx within Feminism 76
Marx’s Critique of Feuerbach 77
Marx and Work 81
Conclusion 98
Notes 99
References 100
4: Building from Marx: Reflections on ‘Race’, Gender and Class 102
Theorizing the Social 104
Socializing ‘Race’ 108
Going Back to Marx 109
Conclusion 116
Notes 118
References 120
Part Two: Marxist-Feminist Keywords 123
5: Democracy 125
Marx’s Critique of Bourgeois Democracy 127
Feminist Struggles for Freedom within and against Bourgeois Democracy 134
Implications for Revolutionary Feminist Democratic Praxis 137
Note 139
References 139
6: Financialization 142
More or Less Traditional Marxist Explanation of Contemporary Financialization 147
Marxist-Feminist Interventions 154
Ghetto Imperialism and Sex Trafficking: Primitive Accumulation and Shadow Economics 156
Mobilizing for Change 159
Notes 160
References 160
7: Ideology 163
Marx and Ideology 164
Feminism and Ideology 168
Ideology, Feminist Theory and Women’s Standpoint 172
Notes 177
References 179
8: Imperialism and Primitive Accumulation 181
Contemporary Rethinking of Dispossession 182
Accumulation by Dispossession 184
Critiques of Accumulation by Dispossession 186
Accumulation by Dispossession, Primitive Accumulation and Imperialism 187
Imperialism and Sub-Imperialism 192
Federici, Gender and Differentiated Primitive Accumulation 194
Conclusions 199
References 200
9: Intersectionality 203
The Women’s Liberation Movement and ‘Triple Jeopardy’ 204
Capitalist Triumphalism 205
Intersectionality as a Juridical Intervention 207
Marxist-Feminist Critique 209
A Felicitous Example 215
Conclusion 217
Notes 218
References 218
10: Labour-Power 221
Introduction 221
Labour-Power Is What Makes Us Human 221
Marx's Concept of Labour-Power under Capitalism 222
Emotional Labour: Extending Marx’s Concept of Labour-Power 225
Ensuring the Reproduction of Labour-Power: A Condition for Capitalism’s Emergence 229
The Social Reproduction of Labour-Power: An Issue of Gender and Class 231
Conclusion 236
References 237
11: Nation and Nationalism 239
Marxist Theorization 239
Feminist Theorization 247
Marxist-Feminist Theorization: Requirements and Obstacles 250
Notes 255
References 256
12: Patriarchy/Patriarchies 259
Autonomy: North American, British and Western European Currents 260
Co-Constitution: A Perspective from India 268
Distributions: Familial, State and Market Patriarchal Regimes 275
Notes 279
References 283
13: Reproduction 287
Remaking Reproduction 292
Distributed Reproduction 300
Notes 302
References 302
14: Revolution 305
Some Philosophical Considerations 306
On Commons: Communism within Capitalism? 309
What Is Really Behind the Co-Optation of the Commons? 312
Autarky or Revolution? 315
A Different Kind of Labour 319
The Old and New Commons are Both Old 322
Why the Revolutionary Feminists Retreated 323
Conclusion 324
Notes 327
References 328
15: Standpoint Theory 331
The Gendering of Standpoint Theory 333
Situated and Plural Knowledge 335
Labour as Marxist-Feminist Problematic 336
Standpoint Derived from Other Phases of Life Activity 338
Truth or Power? 340
Notes 343
References 344
16: Epilogue: Gender after Class 347
Red Feminism 353
Why Theory Matters 355
References 366
Recommended Reading 368
About the Authors 374
Index 379
Back Cover Back cover