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Abstract
Women the world over are being prevented from engaging in politics. Women’s political leadership of any sort is a rarity and a career in politics rarer still. We have, however, begun to understand what it takes to create an enabling environment for women’s political participation.
In this exciting and pioneering collection, writers from Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East are brought together for the first time to talk explicitly about women’s participation in the political scene across the global South. Answering such questions as how women can get political apprenticeship opportunities, how these opportunities translate into the pursuit of a political career, and how these pursuits then influence the kind of political platform women advocate once in power, Women in Politics is essential reading for anyone interested in what it means to engage politically.
Mariz Tadros is a research fellow at the Institute of Development Studies in the UK. She was formerly a professor of political science at the American University in Cairo and worked for almost ten years as a journalist for Al-Ahram Weekly newspaper. Her most recent publications are Copts at the Crossroads: The Struggle for Inclusive Democracy in Egypt (2013), The Muslim Brotherhood in Contemporary Egypt: Democracy Redefined or Confined? (2012), and two recent IDS Bulletins: The Pulse of Egypt's Revolt (January 2012) and Religion, Gender and Rights at the Crossroads (January 2011).
She works on democratization in the Middle East, religion and development, the politics of gender and development, and Islamist political movements in the Middle East. Her work has featured in The Guardian, Opendemocracy and Middle East Report.
'This highly engaging volume offers novel insights into the gendered pathways to political office in the global South. The rich empirical material compiled by knowledgeable country experts shows the importance of informal pathways and challenges some common assumptions about the factors that constrain and facilitate women's access.'
Susan Franceschet, University of Calgary
'The focus here is on the process of women's engagement in political competition ... These are inspiring accounts of women's individual and collective triumphs over patriarchal interests, often achieved via independent, non-party paths to public office. This volume is packed with original data from recent research and it is a must-read for analysts of politics in contexts of transitions and decentralization.'
Anne Marie Goetz, New York University
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front cover | Front cover | ||
Feminisms and Development | i | ||
About the Editor | ii | ||
Title Page | iii | ||
Copyright | iv | ||
Contents | v | ||
Acknowledgements | vii | ||
Preface | viii | ||
Introduction – Engaging Politically: Rethinking Women's Pathways to Power | 1 | ||
A ‘pathways lens’ to political empowerment | 4 | ||
Rethinking the political | 6 | ||
Profiling women’s trajectories | 10 | ||
Political apprenticeship | 13 | ||
Enabling and constraining factors | 18 | ||
Feminist support and the question of training | 24 | ||
Electoral mechanisms and systems through a bottom-up lens | 27 | ||
Conclusion | 31 | ||
References | 37 | ||
1 Politics as Service: Pathways of District Assembly Women in Ghana | 40 | ||
Decentralization in Ghana | 44 | ||
Pathways to political power of selected assembly women | 50 | ||
Conclusion | 66 | ||
Notes | 68 | ||
References | 70 | ||
2 Exceptional Women: Reserved Councillors in Municipal Corporations in Bangladesh | 74 | ||
Women in politics: the Bangladesh context | 76 | ||
Pathways of power in politics for Bangladeshi women councillors | 79 | ||
Conclusions: towards a more nuanced understanding of Bangladeshi women in politics | 94 | ||
Acknowledgements | 98 | ||
Notes | 98 | ||
References | 99 | ||
3 Ejecting Women from Formal Politics in the ‘Old-New’ Egypt (2011–12) | 101 | ||
Background | 103 | ||
Political context: exit Mubarak’s authoritarianism, enter Mursi’s Islamic dictatorship | 106 | ||
Egypt’s first post-Mubarak elections: the old and new interfaces with gender politics | 110 | ||
Different women for different eras? | 115 | ||
A different pathway for each season? | 122 | ||
Election results | 125 | ||
Table 3.1 Egyptian Women in Parliament, 1979–2012 | 127 | ||
Conclusions | 128 | ||
Notes | 132 | ||
References | 133 | ||
4 Local Power and Women’s Empowerment in a Conflict Context: Palestinian Women Contesting Power in Chaos | 135 | ||
Contextual background: politics and agency in disarray | 136 | ||
Affirmative action in Palestine: feminist aspirations between past and present realities | 141 | ||
Kinship and family ties: pathways to political office? | 145 | ||
Table 4.1 Family support by political affiliation | 146 | ||
Table 4.2 Type of family support by political affiliation | 147 | ||
Table 4.3 Number of children compared with attendance at council meetings | 150 | ||
Party politics and women’s pathways to public office | 151 | ||
Table 4.4 Party support by political affiliation | 152 | ||
Women making their way to political power: serving the community | 156 | ||
Women constituting their leadership: serving the nation | 157 | ||
Women’s organization and women’s power | 159 | ||
Mainstreaming gender in the public office: role of the Local Government Ministry | 160 | ||
Conclusion | 161 | ||
Notes | 163 | ||
References | 164 | ||
5 Pathways to Political Power in Sudan | 167 | ||
Background: authoritarianism as the norm | 168 | ||
The quota pathway leads to a familiar stop: one-party rule | 170 | ||
The quota: a pathway to empowerment or to the ‘women’s yard’? | 173 | ||
Alternative pathways to political empowerment: relationships matter | 187 | ||
Conclusions | 196 | ||
Notes | 199 | ||
References | 200 | ||
6 Crafting Political Pathways through the Exclusionary Mesh in India | 202 | ||
Gender and decentralized governance in India | 206 | ||
Women’s political participation in Rajasthan | 212 | ||
Conclusion | 227 | ||
Notes | 229 | ||
References | 230 | ||
7 Independent Candidacy: An Alternative Political Pathway for Women in Sierra Leone? | 233 | ||
Background | 234 | ||
Historical overview of party politics in Sierra Leone | 235 | ||
Independent candidacy in Sierra Leonean politics | 238 | ||
Table 7.1 Independent candidates in Sierra Leonean politics,1957–2012 | 240 | ||
Female independent candidates, 1957–77 | 240 | ||
Table 7.2 Female independent candidates in Sierra Leone’s electoral processes | 242 | ||
Gender discrimination and female independent candidates in the post-war electoral process: the 2004 and 2008 electoral cycles | 242 | ||
Table 7.3 Successful independent candidates in Sierra Leone’s electoral process, 1957–2012 | 243 | ||
Women’s resistance and counter-mobilization | 247 | ||
Independent candidacy in the third electoral cycle 2012–17 | 252 | ||
Conclusions | 255 | ||
Acknowledgements | 256 | ||
Notes | 257 | ||
References | 257 | ||
8 Conservative Modernization in Brazil: Blocking Local Women’s Political Pathways to Power | 259 | ||
Political structures in Brazil | 260 | ||
Women and politics in Brazil | 262 | ||
Table 8.1 Female participation in the municipal executive, mayoral elections 1988–2012 | 264 | ||
Table 8.2 Female participation in municipal legislatures | 264 | ||
Table 8.3 Occupations declared by female candidates for the Municipal Chamber in the elections of 2008 and 2012 | 267 | ||
Women councillors and mayors in Bahia | 268 | ||
Table 8.4 Motives given by women councillors for their candidature | 274 | ||
Table 8.5 Role of the political party in the election of female municipal councillors | 277 | ||
Table 8.6 Attitude of the parties in relation to women | 279 | ||
Conclusion | 281 | ||
Notes | 282 | ||
References | 282 | ||
About the Contributors | 284 | ||
Index | 287 | ||
Back cover | Back cover |