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Africa Uprising

Africa Uprising

Adam Branch | Zachariah Mampilly

(2015)

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Abstract

From Egypt to South Africa, Nigeria to Ethiopia, a new force for political change is emerging across Africa: popular protest. Widespread urban uprisings by youth, the unemployed, trade unions, activists, writers, artists, and religious groups are challenging injustice and inequality. What is driving this new wave of protest? Is it the key to substantive political change?

Drawing on interviews and in-depth analysis, Adam Branch and Zachariah Mampilly offer a penetrating assessment of contemporary African protests, situating the current popular activism within its historical and regional contexts.


'Increasingly interconnected and better informed than ever, Africa's peoples are more and more ready to go onto the streets in defence of their rights. Branch and Mampilly skillfully show how African politics is changing and how the collective agency of the ordinary citizen is something that will progressively shape political culture and practice across the continent. A luta continua!'
Ian Taylor, University of St Andrews

'This accessible account of popular demands for an end to poverty challenges conventional narratives about democratization, economic development and a rising middle class. Recommended.'
Michael Bratton, Michigan State University

‘Provides convincing insights into the complexity of the social and political dynamics behind African protests in a really readable - and enjoyable - fashion. The ideal introduction to the topic.’
François Polet, editor of The State of Resistance: Popular Struggles in the Global South

'Africa Uprising insightfully argues that contemporary African protests incorporate both economic and political demands, and their success cannot simply be measured by immediate political effects.'
Alcinda Honwana, Author of Youth and Revolution in Tunisia

'A powerful account of recent large-scale protests in Nigeria, Sudan, and elsewhere, Branch and Mampilly show us that the internal politics of movements can have a powerful effect on their success or failure. This vivid portrait of the new politics of urban protest in Africa should interest scholars and activists alike.'
Adrienne LeBas, American University

'An inspiring and thoughtful study of African struggles for indigenous self-liberation, taking protests on their own terms and locating them within the reality of politics in Africa. The authors seek out what is specific to protests in Africa, instead of pursuing models of linear preconceptions of what protests should look like, or predetermined expectations of outcomes.'
Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im, Author of African Constitutionalism and the Role of Islam


Adam Branch is a Fellow at Trinity Hall, University of Cambridge, where he lectures in politics and international studies. He is the author of Displacing Human Rights: War and Intervention in Northern Uganda as well as articles and book chapters on political violence, humanitarian intervention, and international law, largely focused on East Africa.

Zachariah Mampilly is director of the programme in Africana studies and associate professor of political science and international studies at Vassar College. From 2012 to 2013 he was a Fulbright visiting professor at the Department of Political Science, University of Dar es Salaam. He is the author of Rebel Rulers: Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life during War as well as articles and essays on the history and politics of Africa and South Asia.


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Front cover
African Arguments i
About the Authors iv
Title Page v
Copyright vi
Contents vii
Abbreviations and Acronyms viii
Acknowledgements x
1: Protests and Possibilities 1
Protest and Political Imagination 5
Dilemmas of Protest 8
What Lies Ahead 10
2: Mobs or Mobilizers? Nkrumah, Fanon, and Anti-Colonial Protest 14
Colonial Urbanism, ‘Detribalized’ Africans, and Stabilization 15
The Formation of Political Society 18
From Anti-Colonial to Nationalist Protest 22
Nkrumah’s Positive Action 24
Building the Protest Movement 26
Positive Action in Practice 29
Fanon’s ‘Lumpenproletariat’ Uprising 31
Post-Colonial Trajectories 37
3: A Democratic Transition? Anti-Austerity Protests and the Limits of Reform 40
Developmental States and Societies 43
State and Society in Crisis 46
Civil Society Uprising? 48
Political Society in Protest: The Case of Youth 50
Niger: The National Conference Model 55
Zaire: from Protest to Armed Struggle 60
Beyond the ‘Democratic Transition’ 65
4: The Third Wave of African Protest 67
Political Society in the Global Economy 70
The Limits of Multiparty Democracy 72
The New ‘Civil Society’ 76
Patterns of Protest 78
Towards New Visions 82
5: The Precipitous Rise and Fall of Occupy Nigeria 86
Mobilizing Political Society: The 1993 Pro-Democracy Protests 89
The Legacy of 1993 and the Rise of Occupy 94
Occupy Nigeria: The Unsustainable Convergence 100
The Aftermath of Occupy 110
6: Political Walking in Uganda 113
The Dilemmas of Ugandan Politics 115
The NRM State and Political Opposition 118
The 2009 Buganda Riots 122
2011: Planning for Protest? 125
From Casting Ballots to Political Walking 128
Unity through Tear Gas 132
The Opening and Closing of Political Possibility 138
The End of the Road 141
After Walking 145
7: Protest and Counter-Protest in Ethiopia 151
The Rise and the Crisis of the EPRDF 152
The Parties to Protest 155
Activating Informal Networks 157
Elections and Protest 161
Aftermath: The Counter-Protest State 166
Urban ‘Empowerment’ 168
Politics Today 170
8: ‘We are Fed Up!’ Sudan’s Unfinished Uprisings 174
The Rise of People Power: Sudan’s October Revolution of 1964 176
The ‘Popular Uprisings’ and the Rise of the Islamists 180
Civil Society in Protest: Girifna and the 2010 Elections 185
The Limits of Student Activism 189
Political Society Retakes the Stage 196
Conclusion: Africa in a World of Protest 200
Middle-Class Revolt? 201
Precariat Revolution? 203
Global Political Society 205
Dilemmas of Protest 208
Political Innovation or Political Failure? 210
Futures of Protest 214
Notes 217
References 225
Index 244
Back Cover Back cover