BOOK
Trading Women's Health and Rights
Marceline White | Alaka M. Basu | Debra Lipson | Sajeda Amin | Doctor Lin Tan | Zhenzhen Zheng | Yueping Song | Catalina Denman Champion | Sandya Hewamanne | Priya Nanda | Pranitha Maharaj | Benjamin Roberts | Nancy Gerein | Caren Grown | Elissa Braunstein | Anju Malhotra
(2008)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Around the world, policymakers and civil society are debating how economic and trade policies shape public health. This edited collection adds a new dimension to this debate. It synthesizes research from a variety of disciplines to analyse how the liberalization of international trade affects reproductive health and rights. Case studies from Mexico, Sri Lanka, China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and Egypt illuminate how trade-related changes in women’s employment influence their reproductive needs and capacities. The book demonstrates how global and national trade policies affect the quality, quantity, and cost of reproductive health services. Contributors also explore the implications of the World Trade Organization and the various trade agreements under its purview for reproductive health services and rights. Ultimately, this collection addresses the key policy issues for advocates of both reproductive health and rights and economic justice, and shows how trade agreements weighted against the poor in the South have very specific gendered consequences.
This book is aimed at an inter-disciplinary audience of economists, public health professionals, demographers, sociologists, anthropologists, and women’s studies specialists. It will also be of interest to policymakers and representatives of civil society organizations working on health, economic justice, and employment issues.
'This excellent collection of papers that address concrete trade and health issues in specific countries within a conceptual framework that pretty much makes sense of it all...Trading Women's Health and Rights? sets out its premises at the outset and follows through with illuminating case studies, careful analysis, and a lot of information about trade agreements and their health consequences that are unlikely to be known to population specialists. To the editors and authors of what must have seemed at the outset a most formidable task, Salud!'
Ruth Dixon-Mueller, Book reviews
Caren Grown is co-director of the Gender Equality and the Economy program at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College and formerly Director of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Governance Team at ICRW.
Anju Malhotra is group director of social and economic development at the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW).
Elissa Braunstein is an assistant professor of Economics at Colorado State University in Fort Collins.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Cover | Cover | ||
Contents | iii | ||
List of Tables | viii | ||
List of Figures | ix | ||
List of Abbreviations | x | ||
Preface | xiii | ||
Introduction: Reproductive Health, Trade Liberalization and Development | 1 | ||
Definitions | 2 | ||
Pathways between the Liberalization of Trade and Reproductive Health | 6 | ||
Conclusion and Organization of the Volume | 11 | ||
Note | 12 | ||
Reference | 12 | ||
PART 1 Conceptual Overviews: Direct and Indirect Linkages | 13 | ||
1. Trade Liberalization and Reproductive Health: A Framework for Understanding the Linkages | 15 | ||
Introduction | 15 | ||
Pathways between Trade Liberalization and Reproductive Health | 17 | ||
Direct Pathways: Trade Agreements and Provision of Reproductive Health Services | 29 | ||
Indirect Pathways: Trade Liberalization, Women’s Employment and Reproductive Health | 34 | ||
Conclusion | 39 | ||
Notes | 40 | ||
References | 42 | ||
2. Implications of the General Agreement on Trade in Services for Reproductive Health Services | 47 | ||
Introduction | 47 | ||
International Trade and Health: a Framework for Analysis | 48 | ||
GATS Rules and Their Application to Health Services | 50 | ||
GATS and Reproductive Health Services in Developing Countries | 53 | ||
Reproductive Health Services Issues in the WTO GATS Negotiations | 59 | ||
Reproductive Health Advocacy in the Context of GATS Negotiations | 62 | ||
Notes | 65 | ||
References | 67 | ||
3. Women’s Work, Autonomy and Reproductive Health: The Role of Trade and Investment Liberalization | 69 | ||
Introduction | 69 | ||
Bargaining and Autonomy in the Household | 71 | ||
Investment Liberalization and Women’s Autonomy | 81 | ||
Conclusion | 86 | ||
Appendix: A Theoretical Model of Women’s Bargaining Power | 87 | ||
Notes | 90 | ||
References | 91 | ||
PART II Country Case Studies on Trade Liberalization, Women’s Employment and Reproductive Health | 95 | ||
4. Implications of Trade Liberalization for Working Women’s Marriage: Case Studies of Bangladesh, Egypt and Vietnam | 97 | ||
Introduction | 97 | ||
Country Case Studies of Trade Liberalization | 99 | ||
Discussion | 115 | ||
Notes | 116 | ||
References | 117 | ||
5. Trade Liberalization, Women’s Migration and Reproductive Health in China | 121 | ||
Introduction | 121 | ||
Trade Liberalization and Labour Migration | 125 | ||
Women, Rural–Urban Migration and the Private Sector | 128 | ||
The Impact of Women’s Migration and Employment on Their RH | 129 | ||
Conclusion | 141 | ||
Notes | 141 | ||
References | 142 | ||
6. Local Response to Global Development: An Emerging Culture of Health among Pregnant Women in Mexican Maquiladoras | 143 | ||
Introduction | 143 | ||
Background | 145 | ||
The Study | 150 | ||
Conclusion | 158 | ||
Notes | 161 | ||
References | 161 | ||
7. Runaway Knowledge: Trade Liberalization and Reproductive Practices among Sri Lanka’s Garment Factory Workers | 164 | ||
Introduction | 164 | ||
Trade Liberalization, the FTZ and the‘Respectable Woman’ | 168 | ||
Knowledge versus Practice – Unwanted Pregnancies and Abortions | 176 | ||
As the Cart that Follows the Bull | 179 | ||
Conclusion | 181 | ||
Notes | 183 | ||
References | 185 | ||
PART III Trade Liberalization and Government Capacity to Deliver Reproductive Health Supplies and Services | 189 | ||
8. I Would Pay, if I Could Pay in Maize: Trade Liberalization, User Fees in Health and Women’s Health Seeking in Tanzania | 191 | ||
Introduction | 191 | ||
Trade, an Ailing Economy and Resources for Health Care | 193 | ||
Rationalizing User Fees: Deficit in the Health Sector Revenue | 195 | ||
Women’s ‘Unmet’ Reproductive Health Needs | 198 | ||
Data and Methodology | 200 | ||
Living on the Margins and a Gender Dimension of User Fees | 201 | ||
Conclusion | 208 | ||
Notes | 209 | ||
References | 210 | ||
9. Tripping Up: AIDS, Pharmaceuticals and Intellectual Property in South Africa | 212 | ||
Introduction | 212 | ||
The Status and Impact of the AIDS Epidemic | 214 | ||
Intellectual Property and AIDS Treatment | 216 | ||
Patently Defiant: South Africa versus the ‘Big Pharma’ | 221 | ||
Contested Realities: South Africa and the TAC | 224 | ||
Towards Comprehensive HIV Prevention: A Directional Shift | 226 | ||
Conclusion | 228 | ||
Notes | 230 | ||
References | 231 | ||
10. Midwifery and Nursing Migration: Implications of Trade Liberalization for Maternal Health in Low-Income Countries | 235 | ||
Introduction | 235 | ||
Background | 236 | ||
Current State of Maternal Health | 236 | ||
The Importance of Midwives and Nurses forMaternal Health | 237 | ||
The Size and Causes of Migration | 238 | ||
The Effects of Midwife and Nurse Migration | 243 | ||
Free Trade and Migration | 248 | ||
Policy Issues for Key Stakeholders | 250 | ||
Conclusions | 254 | ||
Notes | 255 | ||
References | 256 | ||
PART IV Policy and Advocacy | 259 | ||
11. Trade Agreements and Reproductive Health and Rights: An Agenda for Analysis and Advocacy | 261 | ||
Introduction | 261 | ||
Entry Points for an Effective Advocacy Strategy | 263 | ||
National Level Advocacy | 269 | ||
Strategic Alliances | 271 | ||
Conclusion | 273 | ||
Reference | 273 | ||
12. Reproductive Health Advocacy | 274 | ||
Introduction | 274 | ||
The Difficulties with General Advocacy | 279 | ||
A Framework for Effective Advocacy | 287 | ||
Conclusion | 293 | ||
Notes | 293 | ||
References | 295 | ||
About the Contributors | 297 | ||
Index | 300 |