BOOK
Reclaiming Latin America
Ernesto Vivares | Francisco Dominguez | John Crabtree | Valeria Guarneros-Meza | Guy Burton | Julia Buxton | Sara Motta-Mera | Leonardo Diaz-Echenique | Sue Branford | Patricio Silva | Javier Ozorio | Doctor Steve Ludlam | Doctor Geraldine Lievesley
(2009)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Reclaiming Latin America is a one-stop guide to the revival of social democratic and socialist politics across the region.
At the end of the Cold War, and through decades of neoliberal domination and the 'Washington Consensus' it seemed that the left could do nothing but beat a ragged retreat in Latin America. Yet this book looks at the new opportunities that sprang up through electoral politics and mass action during that period.
The chapters here warn against over-simplification of the so-called 'pink wave'. Instead, through detailed historical analysis of Latin America as a whole and country-specific case studies, the book demonstrates the variety of approaches to establishing a lasting social justice. From the anti-imperialism of the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas in Venezuela, Bolivia and Cuba, to the more gradualist routes being taken in Chile, Argentina and Brazil, Reclaiming Latin America gives a real sense of the plurality of political responses to popular discontent.
Geraldine Lievesley is a Senior Lecturer in politics at Manchester Metropolitan University. Her research focuses on Latin American and Cuban politics. She is a member of the Society for Latin American Studies and the Cuba Research Forum. Recent books include the co-edited In the Hands of Women: Paradigms of Citizenship (2006); The Cuban Revolution (2004); and Democracy in Latin America (1999).
Steve Ludlam is a Senior Lecturer in politics at the University of Sheffield. He has researched on labour history and politics in Britain and Cuba. He was a founder member of the Political Studies Association's Labour Movements Specialists Groups, and is a member of the Society for Latin American Studies and the Cuba Research Forum. He edits the series Critical Labour Studies. Recent co-edited books include Labour, the State, Social Movements and the Challenge of Neo-liberal Globalization (2007); Governing as New Labour (2004) and Interpreting the Labour Party (2003).
'An excellent book - timely, scholarly, balanced and accessible to a wide range of interested lay readers and undergraduates'
Peter North, University of Liverpool
'This is a timely book that explores the salient developments on the Latin American left, which has recently made inroads without parallel in the continent’s history. Editors Geraldine Lievesley and Steve Ludlam provide an overview that synthesizes the outstanding features of leftist and moderate leftist movements and governments, followed by individual chapters that focus on those nations where the left’s advances have been the most dramatic. The editors’ handling of various theoretical categories such as populism and social democracy is most convincing. Taken together these essays present a balance between common denominators and rich diversity. They show how the left is "new" in light of its support for independent social movements but at the same time duplicates the practices of the old left, such as the strategy of alliances "from above".'
Steve Ellner, author of Rethinking Venezuelan Politics: Class, Conflict and the Chavez Phenomenon
'...represents an important step towards gaining further leverage on the ever-changing politics of the region. It is sure to serve a wide audience and provoke additional discussion and debate.'
Erika Moreno, Creighton University
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
List of tables and box | vi | ||
Acknowledgements | vii | ||
Acronyms | viii | ||
Introduction: a ‘pink tide’? | 1 | ||
The temptation of oversimplification | 3 | ||
Table 0.1 Latin America’s ‘pink tide’ of presidential election winners since 1998 | 4 | ||
A ‘new continentalism’? | 5 | ||
Low-intensity representation | 8 | ||
Realignment on the left | 10 | ||
Citizenship under ‘pink tide’ governments | 12 | ||
Norms and types | 14 | ||
The spectre of populism haunting colonial supremacism | 16 | ||
Part One | The left in Latin America | 19 | ||
1 | Is Latin America moving leftwards? Problems and prospects | 21 | ||
Different strategies, the same objectives? | 24 | ||
Historical antecedents: another form of revisionism? | 26 | ||
The contemporary period: avoiding the mistakes of the past | 30 | ||
Radical social democracy and popular empowerment | 34 | ||
2 | The Latin Americanization of the politics of emancipation | 37 | ||
Cultural resistance | 38 | ||
Particularities of Latin American society | 41 | ||
Dictatorship, neoliberalism and the rise of social movements | 44 | ||
The nationalization of the politics of emancipation | 47 | ||
Box 2.1 Invoking history and identity | 48 | ||
Conclusion | 53 | ||
Notes | 54 | ||
Part Two | Case studies\r | 55 | ||
3 | Venezuela: the political evolution of Bolivarianism | 57 | ||
The evolution of Bolivarianism | 58 | ||
Bolivarianism phase 1: constitutionalism and moderation | 59 | ||
Bolivarianism phase 2: conflict and radicalization | 63 | ||
Bolivarianism phase 3: towards Twenty-first-century Socialism | 72 | ||
4 | Venezuela: reinventing social democracy from below? | 75 | ||
Conceptualizing Chavismo | 76 | ||
Conceptualizing social democracy | 77 | ||
Popular politics in La Vega, Venezuela | 79 | ||
Conclusion: beyond liberal democracy and markets in Venezuela – counter-hegemony in action | 88 | ||
Note | 90 | ||
5 | Bolivia: playing by new rules | 91 | ||
Political legacies | 92 | ||
Economic liberalization and its critics | 94 | ||
Social movements and their efficacy | 95 | ||
Party implosion | 97 | ||
The MAS in office | 98 | ||
Reasserting the primacy of the state | 99 | ||
The Constituent Assembly and the vexed issue of ‘autonomism’ | 101 | ||
The social agenda | 104 | ||
Bolivia and the outside world | 105 | ||
Conclusion | 107 | ||
6 | Nicaragua: the return of Daniel Ortega | 109 | ||
Building power in opposition: 1990–2006 | 110 | ||
Table 6.1 Sandinista electoral performance, nationwide elections, 1984–2004 | 110 | ||
The return to power: a saga in several parts | 112 | ||
Table 6.2 Voting intentions, Nicaragua, 2006 | 114 | ||
Table 6.3 Nicaraguan national election results, 2006 | 114 | ||
Learning from Nicaragua | 121 | ||
7 | Cuban socialism: recovery and change | 123 | ||
‘Plan Bush’ and Bolivarianism | 123 | ||
Cuban exceptionalism: regime change and retail therapy? | 125 | ||
Equality | 129 | ||
Equality of access | 130 | ||
Equality of income and wealth | 131 | ||
Economic democracy | 133 | ||
The ‘political power of the workers’ | 136 | ||
Conclusion | 138 | ||
Note | 139 | ||
8 | Mexico: political parties and local participation | 140 | ||
Mexico’s democratization and decentralization processes | 142 | ||
Neoliberalism and the PRD’s political trajectory | 143 | ||
Governance in Mexico | 145 | ||
The different discourses of governance | 146 | ||
Conclusions | 150 | ||
9 | Brazil: has the dream ended? | 153 | ||
Reality check | 154 | ||
Growth at any cost | 158 | ||
Social welfare | 161 | ||
Agrarian reform | 163 | ||
Lula and the environment | 165 | ||
Brazil and Latin America | 168 | ||
Conclusion | 169 | ||
10 | Brazil: third ways in the Third World | 170 | ||
Distinguishing the left in Brazil | 171 | ||
Reformism in Ceará and radicalism in Rio Grande do Sul | 172 | ||
State planning, participation and finance | 174 | ||
Literacy campaigns and decentralization | 175 | ||
School democracy and party–union relations | 177 | ||
Student performance, evaluation and continuing challenges | 178 | ||
Conclusion | 180 | ||
Note | 182 | ||
11 | Chile: swimming against the tide? | 183 | ||
Allende, Pinochet and the social democratization of theChilean left | 184 | ||
Neoliberalism and the consolidation of market economics in Chile | 188 | ||
Checks and balances under the Concertación governments | 190 | ||
The technocratization of decision-making | 194 | ||
The future of Chile’s social democratic model | 197 | ||
12 | Argentina: reforming neoliberal capitalism | 199 | ||
Latin America, Argentina and Peronism | 200 | ||
The ‘convertibility regime’ and Argentina’s transformismo | 201 | ||
The conservative–neoliberal legacy and national popular change | 203 | ||
The IMF, social security, agribusiness and financing of development | 204 | ||
The region as a framework of development | 208 | ||
Table 12.1 Growth of the Argentine economy, 2002–07 | 209 | ||
State strengthening and new alliances | 211 | ||
Conclusion | 214 | ||
Conclusion: Nuestra América – the spectre haunting Washington | 217 | ||
Different perspectives, different expectations | 220 | ||
The vexed issue of populism | 222 | ||
A social democratic continuum? | 224 | ||
Notes on contributors | 230 | ||
Bibliography | 233 | ||
Index | 255 |