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Abstract
1989 marks the unraveling of India's 'Nehruvian Consensus' around the idea of a modern, secular nation with a self-reliant economy.
Caste and religion have come to play major roles in national politics. Global economic integration has led to conflict between the state and dispossessed people, but processes of globalization have also enabled new spaces for political assertion, such as around sexuality. Older challenges to the idea of India continue from movements in Kashmir and the North-East, while Maoist insurgency has deepened its bases. In a world of American Empire, India as a nuclear power has abandoned non-alignment, a shift that is contested by voices within.
Power and Contestation shows that the turbulence and turmoil of this period are signs of India's continued vibrancy and democracy. The book is an ideal introduction to the complex internal histories and external power relations of a major global player for the new century.
'This is a sophisticated yet accessible survey of contemporary Indian politics and society. It will be an excellent textbook and a handy reference work to a complex field of study'
Faisal Devji, New School University
'This book approaches the daunting task of analyzing the contradictory, diverse, and divergent history of India since 1989 with uncommon intelligence. To its great merit, Power and Contestation addresses the multiple trends in Indian politics while also offering a coherent and sustained argument about the principal driving forces. To manage to accomplish all this while maintaining a perspective at once local and global is no mean feat.'
Gyan Prakash, Princeton University
'Menon and Nigam provide us a much-needed, readily accessible, deeply informed, and critically sophisticated insiders' analysis of political reality in India during its rapid rise to global stardom as a neo-liberal icon of economic success.'
David Ludden, New York University
'This book, written by two academics who are also campaigners, offers the best survey of recent Indian history that I have seen.'
Barry Pavier, International Socialism
'A great introduction to the complex contradictions that make up contemporary India .. A critical, insightful, and yet accessible description of India's present history ... Brilliant analysis ... A forceful book.'
Labour/Le Travail
Nivedita Menon is Reader in the Department of Political Science at the University of Delhi . She is author of Recovering Subversion: Feminist Politics Beyond the Law (2004) and editor of Gender and Politics in India (1999). A feminist scholar and political theorist, she has been involved in a wide range of political and social movements, especially against the rise of sectarian politics, against mass displacement of workers and in the anti-nuclearization movement.
Aditya Nigam is currently a Fellow at the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies in Delhi. He has written and published on issues relating to Marxism, modernity, nationalism and identity, and is currently working on a book on the left in a post-utopian world. He is author of The Insurrection of Little Selves (2006). He was a full-time political activist with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) for over a decade and has worked with various social movements before reentering academia.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Contents | v | ||
Acknowledgments | vi | ||
Abbreviations | vii | ||
Timeline | x | ||
India at a glance | xiii | ||
Map of India | xiv | ||
Introduction: a genealogy of the 1990s | 1 | ||
Collapse of the “Nehruvian consensus” | 3 | ||
The long 1980s – after the Emergency | 5 | ||
Enter the 1990s | 12 | ||
1 | The recalcitrance of caste | 15 | ||
The “backward castes” in power | 15 | ||
The Dalit upsurge | 19 | ||
Dalits, OBCs and secularism/communalism | 21 | ||
Backward castes and the Women’s Reservation Bill | 27 | ||
“Mandal II” and the electoral calculus | 32 | ||
2 | Politics of Hindutva and the minorities | 36 | ||
Key features of Hindutva ideology | 36 | ||
Organizations of the Hindu Right | 41 | ||
The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) debate | 45 | ||
Ayodhya, Babri Masjid and Ramjanmabhoomi | 48 | ||
BJP in power: the National Democratic Alliance | 50 | ||
Muslim politics: the secular/communal question | 54 | ||
Caste politics and secularism | 57 | ||
Hindus and Hindutva | 58 | ||
3 | Globalization I: accumulation by dispossession | 61 | ||
Accelerated development | 61 | ||
Private corporations and Special Economic Zones | 64 | ||
Democracy, protest, and the nation | 68 | ||
Dispossession by law: the case of the NVP | 69 | ||
Displacement, compensation, and relocation | 72 | ||
Courts and environment | 74 | ||
The city beautiful: producing the global city | 76 | ||
4 | Globalization II: new economiesof desire | 83 | ||
Unshackling the imagination | 85 | ||
Hindi and the media explosion | 89 | ||
Desire, sex, and the city | 91 | ||
Feminist rethinking on sexuality | 93 | ||
Dalit celebration of consumption | 95 | ||
“Dalit capitalism” | 97 | ||
Bhopal Conference | 100 | ||
5 | Old Left, New Left | 103 | ||
The “historic blunder” | 103 | ||
The metamorphosis | 105 | ||
Greater role in national politics | 108 | ||
West Bengal: from controlled militancy to neoliberalism | 110 | ||
Emergence of a New Left | 114 | ||
Non-party movements and heterodox voices | 115 | ||
Naxalbari and the Far Left | 118 | ||
Maoism – the third phase of Naxalism | 121 | ||
Citizens’ initiatives and NGOs | 124 | ||
Conclusion | 133 | ||
6 | When was the nation? | 135 | ||
The “north east” | 138 | ||
Insurgency and state repression | 140 | ||
Ethnic identity and conflict | 147 | ||
“Conflict management” in the north east | 150 | ||
Jammu and Kashmir | 152 | ||
7 | India in the world | 166 | ||
The cold war era | 166 | ||
The new unipolar world | 167 | ||
The Indo-US nuclear deal | 168 | ||
Pakistan and India | 170 | ||
“Looking east” | 171 | ||
India and “Southasia” | 172 | ||
Conclusion: a heterogeneous present | 176 | ||
Globalization and growth | 176 | ||
The UPA, the Left, and social movements | 176 | ||
Hindutva and caste politics | 178 | ||
Violence against women and feminist initiatives | 180 | ||
Resistance to corporate globalization | 181 | ||
Notes | 182 | ||
Introduction | 182 | ||
1 The recalcitrance of caste | 182 | ||
2 Politics of Hindutva and the minorities | 183 | ||
3 Globalization I\r | 185 | ||
4 Globalization II | 186 | ||
5 Old Left, New Left | 187 | ||
6 When was the nation? | 189 | ||
7 India in the world | 191 | ||
Conclusion\r | 192 | ||
Bibliography | 193 | ||
Index | 209 |