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Policing Post-Conflict Cities

Policing Post-Conflict Cities

Alice Hills

(2009)

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Abstract

How and why does order emerge after conflict? What does it mean in the context of the twenty-first century post-colonial city? From Kabul, Kigali and Kinshasa to Baghdad and Basra, people, abandoned by the state, make their own rules.With security increasingly ghettoised, survival becomes a matter of manipulation and hustling. In this book, Alice Hills discusses the interface between order and security. While analysts and donors emphasise security, Hills argues that order is much more meaningful for people’s lives. Focusing on the police as both providers of order and a measure of its success, the book shows that order depends more on what has gone before than on reconstruction efforts and that tension is inevitable as donors attempt to reform brutal local policing. Policing Post-Conflict Cities provides a powerful critique of the failure of liberal orthodoxy to understand the meaning of order.
Alice Hills is professor of conflict and security at the University of Leeds, where her specialist area is security governance in fragile states. Her research focuses on why police evolve as they do, and what explains the interactions between public police, governments, and militaries in sub-Saharan Africa.
'Through this magisterial analysis of policing in post-conflict cities, Alice Hills challenges the "cargo cult" status of police reform and the uncritical assumptions about democratic policing that are embedded in the liberal peace.' Michael Pugh, University of Bradford 'Policing Post Conflict Cities is an engaging and provocative enquiry into the most basic of political challenges - the recontruction of "order" and the provision of "security" in post conflict urban locales. Here Alice Hills invites us to think way beyond current orthodoxies and to base our theories instead on the fluid and ambigious practices emerging from Bagdad, Basra, Kinshasa, Kigali and others. Policing Post-Conflict Cities will appeal to an audience who values critical scholarship.' Elrena Van Der Spuy, University of Cape Town

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Acknowledgements vi
Acronyms and Abbreviations vii
1 Order in an Urban Century 1
Cities 2
Order 11
Power 15
Stability 17
Security and Order 18
Relevant Literature and Programmes 19
Methodology 22
Case Studies and Research Questions 23
Overview 25
2 Controlling Cities 28
Post-conflict Cities 28
Influential Features 30
Policing the Aftermath 37
Damage Limitation 39
Police and Policing 47
Police and Order 52
Policing Field 54
Conclusion 58
3 International Policing 60
Approaches to Policing 62
Democratic Policing 65
Table 3.1 Police support in emerging nations: generic model of typical problems and international police responses 68
Police Reform 70
UN Policing 78
Conclusion 84
4 Ghetto Security 88
Iraq's Significance 90
Iraq's Re-emergent Order 91
Overview of Order and Insecurity in Iraq 99
Baghdad 104
Basra 108
Comparative Pictures 115
Conclusion 118
5 Social Continuities and the Production of Order 120
Bosnia 121
Kabul 133
Kigali 140
Conclusion 148
6 Making Their Own Rules 150
Mogadishu 152
Monrovia 163
Kinshasa 171
Conclusion 177
7 Re-emergent Order 179
Nigeria 180
Southern Sudan 186
Grozny 194
Conclusion 200
8 Challenging Orthodoxy 201
Summary of Findings 203
Key Factors and Indicators of Order 203
Table 8.1 Adaptive role of the police 206
Policing Change 208
Assessment 211
Research Agenda 212
Conclusion 222
Notes 224
Chapter 1 224
Chapter 2 225
Chapter 3 226
Chapter 4 228
Chapter 5 228
Chapter 6 229
Chapter 7 230
Chapter 8 230
References 231
Index 253